Stock Analysis on Net

Microsoft Corp. (NASDAQ:MSFT)

Cash Flow Statement 
Quarterly Data

The cash flow statement provides information about a company cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on the company balance sheet.

The cash flow statement consists of three parts: cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities, cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities, and cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities.

Microsoft Corp., consolidated cash flow statement (quarterly data)

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel
3 months ended: Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Sep 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2021 Mar 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Sep 30, 2020 Jun 30, 2020 Mar 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2019 Sep 30, 2019 Jun 30, 2019 Mar 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Sep 30, 2018
Net income 25,824 24,108 24,667 22,036 21,939 21,870 22,291 20,081 18,299 16,425 17,556 16,740 16,728 18,765 20,505 16,458 15,457 15,463 13,893 11,202 10,752 11,649 10,678 13,187 8,809 8,420 8,824
Depreciation, amortization, and other 8,740 6,827 7,383 6,380 6,027 5,959 3,921 3,874 3,549 3,648 2,790 3,979 3,773 3,496 3,212 3,344 2,936 2,761 2,645 3,504 3,118 3,203 2,971 2,924 2,926 2,995 2,837
Stock-based compensation expense 2,980 3,089 2,832 2,696 2,703 2,828 2,507 2,416 2,465 2,538 2,192 1,997 1,906 1,897 1,702 1,571 1,525 1,566 1,456 1,349 1,338 1,340 1,262 1,190 1,172 1,183 1,107
Net recognized (gains) losses on investments and derivatives (298) 976 (125) 44 49 198 14 44 (40) 214 (22) 157 105 (307) (364) (416) (351) (354) (128) (79) 52 (203) 11 (322) (95) (135) (240)
Deferred income taxes (2,244) (1,158) (1,433) (1,145) (1,323) (1,702) (568) (1,888) (1,675) (1,305) (1,191) 283 (198) 183 (5,970) (34) (88) (17) (11) 447 (206) (53) (177) (5,723) (320) (173) (247)
Accounts receivable (2,461) (5,978) 14,037 (13,246) (2,028) (2,951) 11,034 (11,244) (1,408) (3,164) 11,729 (12,634) 857 (5,543) 10,486 (11,606) 290 (4,008) 8,843 (9,355) 891 (4,203) 10,090 (10,070) 460 (2,396) 9,194
Inventories 52 711 (373) 55 260 1,474 (505) 374 106 1,305 (543) (461) (279) 394 (777) (388) (329) 788 (808) (251) 181 799 (561) (113) 12 1,654 (956)
Other current assets 1,077 (353) (82) (2,528) 951 725 (796) (2,419) 1,152 (392) (332) (2,570) 91 830 940 (2,086) 478 730 (54) (2,151) 94 165 (438) (854) (14) (173) (677)
Other long-term assets (518) (1,089) (1,761) (1,240) (2,137) (1,427) (2,013) (1,548) (554) (65) (666) (575) (724) (908) (598) (1,013) (885) (1,499) (62) (311) 124 (517) (333) (865) (517) (473) 21
Accounts payable 1,179 958 (916) 4,204 648 (2,521) 1,214 1,311 (407) (2,058) (1,567) 2,659 520 235 (471) 1,617 833 33 315 3,026 546 (7) (547) 1,264 (197) (440) (395)
Unearned revenue (1,032) (6,338) (5,553) 15,657 (645) (5,538) (4,126) 14,224 (181) (5,186) (3,322) 12,546 (209) (4,343) (2,885) 11,397 (473) (3,227) (3,064) 8,776 (736) (2,936) (2,892) 9,005 20 (2,122) (2,441)
Income taxes 1,298 (3,395) 1,016 (806) 2,622 (1,554) 1,425 681 1,414 (2,863) 410 (991) 1,091 (2,057) 2,653 (32) 1,074 (2,368) (983) (589) 765 (471) (3,336) 3,808 276 (64) (1,091)
Other current liabilities 2,838 3,217 (5,479) 4,652 2,803 1,518 (4,106) 2,762 1,715 1,819 (4,024) 3,455 1,287 1,745 (4,143) 3,755 1,590 1,755 (2,951) 2,482 695 1,489 (3,320) 2,436 649 656 (2,322)
Other long-term liabilities (391) 716 (33) 436 48 (26) 291 102 6 257 188 44 438 93 250 143 122 893 244 623 (110) 425 410 241 339 (32) 43
Changes in operating assets and liabilities 2,042 (11,551) 856 7,184 2,522 (10,300) 2,418 4,243 1,843 (10,347) 1,873 1,473 3,072 (9,554) 5,455 1,787 2,700 (6,903) 1,480 2,250 2,450 (5,256) (927) 4,852 1,028 (3,390) 1,376
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operations 11,220 (1,817) 9,513 15,159 9,978 (3,017) 8,292 8,689 6,142 (5,252) 5,642 7,889 8,658 (4,285) 4,035 6,252 6,722 (2,947) 5,442 7,471 6,752 (969) 3,140 2,921 4,711 480 4,833
Net cash from operations 37,044 22,291 34,180 37,195 31,917 18,853 30,583 28,770 24,441 11,173 23,198 24,629 25,386 14,480 24,540 22,710 22,179 12,516 19,335 18,673 17,504 10,680 13,818 16,108 13,520 8,900 13,657
Proceeds from issuance (repayments) of debt, maturities of 90 days or less, net (5,746) (1,142) (3,810) (8,490) 18,692
Proceeds from issuance of debt 197 6,352 10,773 7,073
Cash premium on debt exchange (1,754) (3,417)
Repayments of debt (2,250) (966) (13,065) (11,589) (2,916) (1,500) (1,000) (750) (1,000) (4,197) (4,826) (500) (3,250) (3,000) (18) (2,500) (1,000) (3,000)
Common stock issued 546 256 706 534 522 261 685 512 536 243 575 461 477 291 612 450 396 302 545 340 342 234 427 308 274 200 360
Common stock repurchased (4,781) (4,986) (4,107) (4,210) (4,213) (4,000) (4,831) (5,704) (5,509) (5,459) (5,573) (8,757) (8,822) (7,433) (7,684) (7,177) (6,930) (6,535) (6,743) (5,791) (7,059) (5,206) (4,912) (4,633) (4,753) (6,413) (3,744)
Common stock cash dividends paid (6,169) (6,170) (5,574) (5,574) (5,572) (5,574) (5,051) (5,054) (5,059) (5,066) (4,621) (4,632) (4,645) (4,652) (4,206) (4,214) (4,221) (4,230) (3,856) (3,865) (3,876) (3,886) (3,510) (3,521) (3,526) (3,544) (3,220)
Other, net (382) (343) (889) (303) (498) (201) (307) (167) (258) (317) (264) (341) (158) (192) (172) (430) (183) 79 (235) 471 (1,052) (39) 286 160 404 (459) (780)
Net cash from (used in) financing (13,036) (11,243) (16,576) (23,563) (18,808) (10,147) 14,761 (11,413) (10,290) (11,349) (10,883) (13,269) (17,345) (11,986) (16,276) (11,371) (13,192) (13,634) (10,289) (12,262) (14,645) (8,915) (10,209) (8,686) (7,601) (13,216) (7,384)
Additions to property and equipment (16,745) (15,804) (14,923) (13,873) (10,952) (9,735) (9,917) (8,943) (6,607) (6,274) (6,283) (6,871) (5,340) (5,865) (5,810) (6,452) (5,089) (4,174) (4,907) (4,744) (3,767) (3,545) (3,385) (4,051) (2,565) (3,707) (3,602)
Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired and divestitures, and purchases of intangible and other assets (981) (1,405) (1,849) (1,342) (1,575) (65,029) (1,186) (341) (301) (679) (349) (1,263) (18,719) (850) (1,206) (501) (7,512) (415) (481) (1,650) (329) (80) (462) (281) (269) (1,593) (245)
Purchases of investments (4,474) (2,050) (1,620) (2,831) (2,183) (4,258) (8,460) (11,976) (9,063) (11,599) (5,013) (4,919) (8,723) (2,505) (10,309) (14,877) (18,375) (15,092) (14,580) (18,879) (15,910) (19,011) (23,390) (15,442) (5,846) (16,858) (19,551)
Maturities of investments 6,721 2,604 2,136 1,557 3,350 4,150 15,718 6,766 13,154 6,928 6,662 1,237 1,099 5,253 8,862 7,246 15,016 15,264 14,266 18,890 17,247 11,230 19,082 5,154 5,893 3,782 5,214
Sales of investments 2,161 2,559 1,968 2,023 1,941 1,600 5,330 5,629 1,239 4,775 2,711 3,225 16,693 2,895 5,630 3,297 5,876 2,421 2,414 3,162 2,810 5,370 6,379 7,363 1,424 14,176 15,231
Other, net 604 (16) (913) (382) (1,281) 1,347 (982) (269) (1,686) (301) (860) (1,138) (1,181) (89) (417) 434 400 327 (2,083) (1,241)
Net cash (used in) from investing (12,714) (14,112) (15,201) (14,848) (10,700) (71,925) 503 (9,134) (3,264) (7,150) (3,132) (9,729) (16,171) (1,161) (3,250) (10,853) (9,684) (1,669) (5,371) (4,462) 51 (6,036) (1,776) (7,257) (1,363) (4,200) (2,953)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 52 (294) 122 (103) (80) 72 (99) (81) 29 88 (230) (198) 24 106 (73) 36 (33) 14 (46) (83) (64) 18 (72) (21) 18 17 (129)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 11,346 (3,358) 2,525 (1,319) 2,329 (63,147) 45,748 8,142 10,916 (7,238) 8,953 1,433 (8,106) 1,439 4,941 522 (730) (2,773) 3,629 1,866 2,846 (4,253) 1,761 144 4,574 (8,499) 3,191

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30).

Net Income Trend
Net income shows a generally increasing trend over the analyzed periods, with notable growth spikes, particularly from the end of 2020 through 2025. The increase from 2020 to 2025 indicates a strong profitability improvement.
Depreciation, Amortization, and Other
This expense category fluctuates but generally increases, with a significant jump beginning around 2022. This suggests increased capital expenditures or asset base growth influencing non-cash expenses.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expenses rise steadily throughout the periods, reflecting either an increase in employee compensation via stock or more extensive use of equity incentives.
Net Recognized Gains/Losses on Investments and Derivatives
There is considerable volatility in gains and losses related to investments and derivatives, with some extreme positive and negative swings, particularly in the latest periods, indicating market sensitivity and variable investment outcomes.
Deferred Income Taxes
This item exhibits substantial fluctuations with both negative and positive values, including a few deep negative spikes. This volatility may be related to changes in tax law, deferred tax asset/liability adjustments, or temporary differences in income recognition.
Accounts Receivable
The accounts receivable figures are inconsistent, with large positive and negative swings suggestive of changes in sales terms, collection efficiency, or possible timing differences in revenue recognition.
Inventories
Inventory levels oscillate but generally remain moderate, without a clear upward or downward trend. This may reflect inventory management aligned closely with sales demands.
Other Current Assets and Other Long-Term Assets
Both asset categories show irregular movement with no clear trend, indicative of diverse and possibly non-recurring transactions or reclassifications affecting asset balances.
Accounts Payable and Unearned Revenue
Accounts payable show significant volatility, with large inflows and outflows, possibly reflecting supplier payment timing and operational changes. Unearned revenue similarly exhibits large swings, likely tied to billing patterns and customer prepayments fluctuating over time.
Income Taxes
Income tax payments vary widely, from large positive payments to refunds or credits, mirroring the net income fluctuations and deferred tax variances impacting the tax burden.
Other Current and Long-Term Liabilities
These liabilities do not show consistent directional trends, possibly reflecting project-specific or contingent liabilities impacting balances variably over time.
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
This line item frequently experiences large positive and negative shifts, indicating that working capital components are highly dynamic and contribute significantly to operating cash flow variations.
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash from Operations
Adjustments are noticeably volatile but generally substantial, indicating extensive non-cash items and other reconciliations needed to convert net income to operational cash flow.
Net Cash from Operations
Operating cash flow trends generally upward, with some dips, demonstrating strong cash-generating ability that aligns with increased net income, albeit with episodes of large variability reflecting working capital changes.
Financing Activities
Net cash from financing is predominantly negative across periods, reflecting persistent stock repurchases and dividend payments exceeding proceeds from debt issuances. Large stock repurchases and dividends suggest a consistent capital return policy to shareholders.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities remains substantially negative, with considerable outlays on property, equipment, acquisitions, and investments. Notable spikes in acquisition payments and capital expenditures suggest strategic investments and growth initiatives.
Cash and Equivalents Movement
The net change in cash and cash equivalents demonstrates high volatility, with large inflows and outflows. The fluctuations indicate dynamic cash management balancing operations, investing, and financing cash flows alongside foreign exchange impacts.