Cash Flow Statement
Quarterly Data

The cash flow statement provides information about a company cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on the company balance sheet.

The cash flow statement consists of three parts: cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities, cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities, and cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities.

International Business Machines Corp., consolidated cash flow statement (quarterly data)

US$ in millions

3 months ended:	Mar 31, 2026	Dec 31, 2025	Sep 30, 2025	Jun 30, 2025	Mar 31, 2025	Dec 31, 2024	Sep 30, 2024	Jun 30, 2024	Mar 31, 2024	Dec 31, 2023	Sep 30, 2023	Jun 30, 2023	Mar 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Sep 30, 2022	Jun 30, 2022	Mar 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Sep 30, 2021	Jun 30, 2021	Mar 31, 2021
Net income (loss)	1,216)	5,600)	1,744)	2,194)	1,055)	2,914)	(330)	1,834)	1,605)	3,288)	1,703)	1,584)	927)	2,710)	(3,196)	1,392)	733)	2,333)	1,130)	1,325)	955)
Pension settlement charge	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	388)	2,725)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	5,894)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)
Depreciation, includes operating lease right-of-use assets amortization expense	555)	586)	584)	578)	536)	524)	563)	548)	533)	541)	521)	520)	527)	570)	586)	620)	631)	749)	1,037)	1,050)	1,052)
Amortization of capitalized software and acquired intangible assets	719)	710)	699)	687)	641)	589)	705)	607)	598)	611)	572)	557)	547)	567)	577)	626)	625)	632)	647)	630)	620)
Stock-based compensation	506)	430)	443)	441)	401)	345)	330)	316)	320)	290)	287)	288)	268)	248)	251)	254)	234)	263)	262)	244)	213)
Net (gain) loss on divestitures, asset sales and other	(12)	(951)	(5)	(19)	(22)	(2,350)	(353)	(26)	(253)	(1,194)	24)	(60)	(54)	(2,786)	38)	(49)	(51)	(2,157)	(7)	(152)	8)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures	2,185)	(2,335)	(383)	(2,180)	1,759)	1,920)	(759)	(1,213)	1,365)	927)	(51)	(251)	1,559)	2,656)	(2,249)	(1,522)	1,076)	724)	(356)	(472)	2,066)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities	3,953)	(1,560)	1,338)	(493)	3,315)	1,416)	3,211)	232)	2,563)	1,175)	1,353)	1,054)	2,847)	1,255)	5,097)	(71)	2,515)	211)	1,583)	1,300)	3,959)
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,169)	4,040)	3,082)	1,701)	4,370)	4,330)	2,881)	2,066)	4,168)	4,463)	3,056)	2,638)	3,774)	3,965)	1,901)	1,321)	3,248)	2,544)	2,713)	2,625)	4,914)
Payments for property, plant and equipment	(232)	(382)	(255)	(210)	(244)	(303)	(286)	(220)	(239)	(300)	(281)	(364)	(300)	(409)	(317)	(339)	(281)	(450)	(558)	(560)	(494)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment/other	8)	3)	7)	37)	74)	21)	479)	45)	12)	184)	112)	14)	11)	13)	8)	18)	72)	75)	97)	76)	139)
Investment in software	(159)	(171)	(162)	(163)	(151)	(141)	(138)	(224)	(134)	(148)	(112)	(137)	(168)	(147)	(138)	(172)	(169)	(151)	(176)	(204)	(175)
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments	(1,612)	(1,184)	(1,170)	(1,254)	(6,486)	(1,261)	(905)	(662)	(4,934)	(768)	(1,115)	(728)	(8,531)	(1,459)	(2,135)	(1,311)	(1,025)	(908)	(764)	(1,015)	(875)
Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments	1,971)	3,542)	1,200)	4,035)	927)	853)	1,774)	3,453)	464)	4,005)	4,042)	1,550)	1,050)	2,010)	944)	1,029)	682)	945)	890)	763)	549)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(10,466)	(391)	(58)	(747)	(7,098)	(541)	(2,513)	(153)	(82)	(137)	(4,589)	(334)	(22)	(1,328)	(62)	(260)	(698)	(275)	(152)	(1,746)	(1,120)
Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred	1)	—)	—)	—)	(1)	(7)	2)	—)	703)	—)	(10)	6)	—)	1)	3)	1,207)	61)	88)	51)	(10)	(15)
Non-operating finance receivables, net	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	1)	(17)	25)	(9)
Net cash used in investing activities	(10,489)	1,417)	(438)	1,698)	(12,979)	(1,379)	(1,587)	2,239)	(4,210)	2,836)	(1,953)	7)	(7,960)	(1,319)	(1,697)	172)	(1,358)	(675)	(629)	(2,671)	(2,000)
Proceeds from new debt	7,437)	—)	6)	7)	8,378)	—)	—)	219)	5,486)	—)	154)	—)	9,432)	8)	3,394)	318)	4,084)	128)	151)	192)	51)
Payments to settle debt	(2,928)	(1,810)	(1,114)	(1,308)	(1,257)	(124)	(1,267)	(3,118)	(2,106)	(109)	(1,713)	(1,135)	(2,125)	(1,354)	(1,487)	(2,830)	(1,129)	(1,276)	(1,347)	(1,713)	(4,261)
Short-term borrowings (repayments) less than 90 days, net	—)	—)	—)	—)	(29)	21)	9)	(1)	1)	(13)	9)	—)	(3)	(4)	230)	(1)	(8)	(880)	908)	21)	(89)
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings	(350)	(167)	(414)	(153)	(284)	(112)	(189)	(151)	(199)	(64)	(98)	(144)	(96)	(78)	(14)	(235)	(80)	(67)	(18)	(193)	(41)
Proceeds from issuance of shares	178)	175)	134)	185)	216)	108)	252)	125)	260)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)
Financing, other	(42)	(30)	(55)	(22)	(32)	(23)	(27)	(53)	(43)	89)	31)	59)	(3)	70)	81)	40)	(15)	(2)	29)	29)	14)
Distribution from Kyndryl	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)	879)	—)	—)	—)
Cash dividends paid	(1,576)	(1,574)	(1,569)	(1,563)	(1,549)	(1,546)	(1,543)	(1,536)	(1,522)	(1,518)	(1,515)	(1,510)	(1,497)	(1,494)	(1,491)	(1,488)	(1,475)	(1,474)	(1,471)	(1,467)	(1,457)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	2,719)	(3,406)	(3,012)	(2,854)	5,443)	(1,676)	(2,765)	(4,515)	1,877)	(1,615)	(3,132)	(2,730)	5,708)	(2,852)	713)	(4,196)	1,377)	(2,692)	(1,748)	(3,131)	(5,783)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(176)	(10)	(59)	320)	167)	(329)	207)	(77)	(159)	130)	(120)	(26)	25)	220)	(196)	(263)	(4)	(27)	(94)	69)	(133)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2,777)	2,041)	(427)	865)	(2,999)	946)	(1,264)	(287)	1,676)	5,814)	(2,149)	(111)	1,547)	14)	721)	(2,966)	3,263)	(850)	242)	(3,108)	(3,002)

The financial data exhibits a period of significant volatility in net income contrasted by a generally robust and increasing capacity to generate cash from core operations. While net income experienced sharp fluctuations, including substantial quarterly losses in late 2022 and late 2024, net cash provided by operating activities remained consistently positive, peaking at 5,169 million US$ by the first quarter of 2026.

Operating Cash Flow Dynamics: Net cash provided by operating activities demonstrates a long-term upward trajectory despite intermittent volatility. A recurring pattern is observed where operating cash flows exceed net income, often driven by significant non-cash adjustments. Depreciation and amortization expenses remained relatively stable throughout the period, while stock-based compensation showed a gradual increase, rising from approximately 213 million US$ in early 2021 to 506 million US$ by early 2026. Changes in operating assets and liabilities contributed periodically to significant swings in cash flow, particularly in the final quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026.
Investing Activity and Capital Expenditure: Investing activities are characterized by aggressive capital allocation toward business acquisitions and active management of marketable securities. A substantial increase in acquisition spending is evident toward the end of the period, culminating in a 10,466 million US$ outflow in the first quarter of 2026. Payments for property, plant, and equipment remained moderate and relatively stable, typically ranging between 200 million US$ and 600 million US$ per quarter. The company frequently balanced these outflows with significant proceeds from the disposition of marketable securities, indicating a strategic rotation of liquid assets to fund growth initiatives.
Financing Strategy and Shareholder Returns: Financing activities reflect a disciplined approach to shareholder distributions paired with opportunistic debt utilization. Cash dividends paid remained remarkably consistent, showing a slow but steady increase from 1,457 million US$ per quarter in early 2021 to 1,576 million US$ by early 2026. Debt management involves periodic large-scale issuances of new debt—such as the 9,432 million US$ in the first quarter of 2023—to offset consistent quarterly payments to settle existing debt obligations. The issuance of shares became a more regular feature in the later years of the analysis, providing a modest source of cash inflow.

Overall, the data reveals a strategic pivot toward large-scale acquisitions funded by a combination of strong operating cash flows and periodic debt issuance, all while maintaining a highly stable dividend policy for shareholders.

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International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE:IBM)

Cash Flow StatementQuarterly Data

Cash Flow Statement
Quarterly Data