Price to Sales (P/S)
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Calculation
International Business Machines Corp., P/S, long-term trends, calculation
| P/S | = | Share price1, 2, 3 | ÷ | Sales per share1 | Sales per share1 | = | Revenue1 (in millions) |
÷ | No. shares of common stock outstanding2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 25, 2025 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 26, 2024 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 28, 2023 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 22, 2022 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 23, 2021 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 25, 2020 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 26, 2019 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 27, 2018 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 28, 2017 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 23, 2016 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 24, 2015 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 25, 2014 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 26, 2013 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 28, 2012 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 22, 2011 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 23, 2010 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 24, 2009 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 26, 2008 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 27, 2007 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ | |||||||
| Feb 28, 2006 | = | ÷ | = | ÷ |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2007-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2006-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2005-12-31).
1 US$
2 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
3 Closing price as at the filing date of International Business Machines Corp. Annual Report.
The financial data reveals several significant trends in the share price, sales per share, and price-to-sales (P/S) ratio over the analyzed periods.
- Share Price
- The share price exhibited a generally upward trajectory from 2006 through 2013, escalating from around $80 to close to $200. This growth was interrupted by a decline during the recessionary period of 2008-2009. After peaking in early 2013, the share price experienced a downward correction, reaching a low point around 2016 and 2021. Subsequently, there was a robust recovery beginning in 2022, with the share price rising sharply from approximately $124 to $258 by 2025, representing the highest value in the available data.
- Sales per Share
- Sales per share displayed a less volatile pattern compared to the share price. From 2006 to 2015, sales per share demonstrated a gradual increase, peaking near 96 in 2014 before starting a downward trend. Noticeable declines were observed from 2015 onward, with values falling from around 85 to below 68 by 2025. This decline suggests a reduction in revenue generation relative to the number of shares outstanding.
- Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio
- The P/S ratio exhibited fluctuations that do not directly mirror sales per share. Initially, the ratio rose from 1.38 in 2006 to a peak of about 2.15 by 2012, indicating increasing market valuation relative to sales. Subsequently, it dipped to around 1.47 in 2021 before accelerating markedly to 3.81 by 2025. This sharp increase in the P/S ratio in the most recent years points to growing investor confidence or expectations, with share prices rising disproportionately relative to sales per share.
Overall, while sales per share have declined since the mid-2010s, the share price has rebounded strongly from 2021 onwards, driving the P/S ratio to new highs. This divergence suggests that the market valuation is increasingly influenced by factors beyond current sales performance, possibly including expectations of future growth or other qualitative factors affecting investor sentiment.
Comparison to Competitors
International Business Machines Corp., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to competitors
| International Business Machines Corp. | Accenture PLC | Adobe Inc. | Cadence Design Systems Inc. | CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | Fair Isaac Corp. | Intuit Inc. | Microsoft Corp. | Oracle Corp. | Palantir Technologies Inc. | Palo Alto Networks Inc. | Salesforce Inc. | ServiceNow Inc. | Synopsys Inc. | Workday Inc. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 25, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 26, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 28, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 22, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 23, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 25, 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 26, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 27, 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 28, 2017 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 23, 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 24, 2015 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 25, 2014 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 26, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 28, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 22, 2011 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 23, 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 24, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 26, 2008 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 27, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
| Feb 28, 2006 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2007-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2006-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2005-12-31).
Comparison to Sector (Software & Services)
International Business Machines Corp., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to sector (software & services)
| International Business Machines Corp. | Software & Services | |
|---|---|---|
| Feb 25, 2025 | ||
| Feb 26, 2024 | ||
| Feb 28, 2023 | ||
| Feb 22, 2022 | ||
| Feb 23, 2021 | ||
| Feb 25, 2020 | ||
| Feb 26, 2019 | ||
| Feb 27, 2018 | ||
| Feb 28, 2017 | ||
| Feb 23, 2016 | ||
| Feb 24, 2015 | ||
| Feb 25, 2014 | ||
| Feb 26, 2013 | ||
| Feb 28, 2012 | ||
| Feb 22, 2011 | ||
| Feb 23, 2010 | ||
| Feb 24, 2009 | ||
| Feb 26, 2008 | ||
| Feb 27, 2007 | ||
| Feb 28, 2006 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2007-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2006-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2005-12-31).
Comparison to Industry (Information Technology)
International Business Machines Corp., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to industry (information technology)
| International Business Machines Corp. | Information Technology | |
|---|---|---|
| Feb 25, 2025 | ||
| Feb 26, 2024 | ||
| Feb 28, 2023 | ||
| Feb 22, 2022 | ||
| Feb 23, 2021 | ||
| Feb 25, 2020 | ||
| Feb 26, 2019 | ||
| Feb 27, 2018 | ||
| Feb 28, 2017 | ||
| Feb 23, 2016 | ||
| Feb 24, 2015 | ||
| Feb 25, 2014 | ||
| Feb 26, 2013 | ||
| Feb 28, 2012 | ||
| Feb 22, 2011 | ||
| Feb 23, 2010 | ||
| Feb 24, 2009 | ||
| Feb 26, 2008 | ||
| Feb 27, 2007 | ||
| Feb 28, 2006 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2007-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2006-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2005-12-31).