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Adjusted Financial Ratios
Advanced level
Adjusted Financial Ratios (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., adjusted financial ratios
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted debt-to-equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted debt-to-equity ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted debt-to-capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by adjusted total debt plus adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted debt-to-capital ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level. |
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level. |
International Business Machines Corp., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted revenue. See details »
3 Adjusted total assets. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted total asset turnover = Adjusted revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Activity ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Current Ratio
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted current assets. See details »
3 Adjusted current liabilities. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= ÷ =
| Liquidity ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Debt to Equity
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total debt. See details »
3 Adjusted total equity. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Adjusted total equity
= ÷ =
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted debt-to-equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted debt-to-equity ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Debt to Capital
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total debt. See details »
3 Adjusted total capital. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted debt to capital = Adjusted total debt ÷ Adjusted total capital
= ÷ =
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted debt-to-capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by adjusted total debt plus adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted debt-to-capital ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total assets. See details »
3 Adjusted total equity. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total equity
= ÷ =
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Revenue
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted net income. See details »
3 Adjusted revenue. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted revenue
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level. |
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted net income. See details »
3 Adjusted total equity. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted total equity
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).
1 2019 Calculation
ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted net income. See details »
3 Adjusted total assets. See details »
4 2019 Calculation
Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level. |