Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE:IBM)

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Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

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International Business Machines Corp., common-size consolidated balance sheet: liabilities and stockholders’ equity

Microsoft Excel
Dec 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020
Taxes
Short-term debt
Accounts payable
Compensation and benefits
Deferred income
Current operating lease liabilities
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
Current liabilities
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations
Deferred income
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
Income tax reserves
Deferred taxes
Excess Savings Plan
Disability benefits
Derivative liabilities
Workforce reductions
Environmental accruals
Other
Other liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities
Total liabilities
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Treasury stock, at cost
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total IBM stockholders’ equity
Noncontrolling interests
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).

Taxes
The proportion of taxes relative to total liabilities and equity showed a steady decline from 2.12% in 2020 to 1.48% in 2024, indicating a decreasing tax liability burden over the observed period.
Short-term debt
Short-term debt exhibited fluctuations, rising from 4.61% in 2020 to a peak of 5.14% in 2021, then declining to 3.71% by 2024. This trend suggests some variability in short-term financing needs, with an overall decline toward the end of the period.
Accounts payable
Accounts payable remained relatively stable with slight variations, maintaining a narrow range between 2.94% and 3.18% over the five years, reflecting consistent management of payable obligations.
Compensation and benefits
This item increased gradually from 2.21% in 2020 to 2.74% in 2022, followed by a slight decrease and stabilization near 2.63% in 2024, indicating a mild upward trend in personnel-related liabilities.
Deferred income
Deferred income as a percentage of total liabilities and equity steadily increased from 8.23% in 2020 to 10.14% in 2024, suggesting growing deferred revenue or related liabilities.
Current operating lease liabilities
A continual decrease was observed, from 0.87% in 2020 down to 0.56% in 2024, indicating a reduction in lease obligations classified as current liabilities.
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
These liabilities declined from 4.39% in 2020 to 2.6% in 2023, with a slight increase to 2.7% in 2024, indicating overall diminishing accrued obligations.
Current liabilities
Current liabilities remained relatively stable around 25%, ranging narrowly from 24.16% to 25.56%, showing consistent current obligation levels relative to total financing.
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
Long-term debt increased from 34.85% in 2020, peaking at 37.06% in 2023, before a slight decline to 36.36% in 2024, reflecting a growing reliance on long-term financing.
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations
These obligations showed a marked decrease from 11.7% in 2020 to 6.88% in 2024, indicating a significant reduction in postretirement benefits liabilities.
Deferred income (non-current)
This category remained relatively stable around 2.6%-2.7%, showing no significant shifts.
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities decreased from 2.29% in 2020 to 1.72% in 2022, with a slight recovery to 1.94% by 2024, indicating some variability but an overall downward trend.
Income tax reserves
Income tax reserves grew from 3.38% in 2020 to a peak of 5.11% in 2023, slightly tapering to 5% in 2024, suggesting increased tax-related liability provisions.
Deferred taxes
Deferred taxes consistently decreased substantially from 3.51% in 2020 to 0.59% in 2024, reflecting a decline in deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet.
Excess Savings Plan
The proportion of excess savings plan obligations fluctuated mildly between 1.03% and 1.28%, without a clear directional trend.
Disability benefits
Disability benefits as a percentage of total liabilities and equity decreased slightly from 0.29% in 2020 to 0.2% in 2024, showing a minor reduction.
Derivative liabilities
Derivative liabilities increased notably from 0.03% in 2020 to a maximum of 0.38% in 2022, with some fluctuation thereafter, suggesting increased derivative exposure during the middle years.
Workforce reductions
Liabilities related to workforce reductions declined steadily from 0.61% in 2020 to 0.32% in 2024, indicating diminishing restructuring-related obligations.
Environmental accruals
Environmental accruals remained relatively stable and low between 0.15% and 0.19%, showing minor changes throughout the period.
Other liabilities
Other liabilities decreased from 9.55% in 2020 to 8.05% in 2024, indicating a reduction in miscellaneous non-current obligations.
Noncurrent liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities declined from 61.15% in 2020 to 55.87% in 2024, reflecting a gradual reduction in long-term obligations overall.
Total liabilities
Total liabilities also decreased steadily from 86.71% in 2020 to 80.03% in 2024, indicating an increasing share of equity in the total financing mix.
Common stock, par value and additional paid-in capital
This equity component rose significantly from 36.26% in 2020 to a peak of 45.85% in 2022, settling slightly lower around 44.75% by 2024, indicating enhanced capital contributions or stock issuance.
Retained earnings
Retained earnings increased steadily from 104.33% in 2020 and peaked at 117.75% in 2022 before moderately declining to 110.2% in 2024, showing accumulation of earnings over time but some recent drawdown.
Treasury stock
Treasury stock, recorded as a negative value, increased in magnitude from -108.57% in 2020 to -133.2% in 2022, then decreased slightly to -123.9% in 2024, indicating repurchases with some subsequent reduction in treasury holdings.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
The accumulated other comprehensive loss improved from -18.81% in 2020 to -11.13% in 2024, reflecting a reduction in unrealized losses or other comprehensive items adversely affecting equity.
Total IBM stockholders’ equity
Stockholders’ equity increased from 13.21% in 2020 to 19.91% in 2024, signifying stronger equity financing relative to total capital structure.
Noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests remained negligible and stable, around 0.06%-0.08%, indicating minimal influence on the capital structure.
Total equity
Total equity rose from 13.29% in 2020 to 19.97% in 2024, confirming a strengthened equity base over time.
Total liabilities and equity
The total combined percentage consistently equals 100%, as expected for the sum of liabilities and equity measures.