Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-10-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-10-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-10-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-10-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-10-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-10-31).
The composition of liabilities and stockholders’ equity exhibited notable shifts between 2020 and 2025. Overall, a dynamic pattern emerges, with certain liability categories decreasing as a percentage of the total while others increase, and a significant fluctuation in the proportion of stockholders’ equity.
- Current Liabilities
- Current liabilities initially increased from 26.65% in 2020 to 29.46% in 2022, before declining substantially to 7.72% in 2025. This decrease is largely attributable to a significant reduction in current deferred revenue, which fell from 17.29% to 4.66% over the period. Accounts payable also experienced a notable decrease in 2025, dropping to 0.34% from a peak of 1.59% in 2023. Accrued income taxes show a similar pattern, increasing from 2022 to 2023 and then decreasing significantly by 2025.
- Long-Term Liabilities
- Long-term liabilities demonstrated relative stability between 2020 and 2024, fluctuating around 11-12%. However, a substantial increase is observed in 2025, rising to 33.54% of the total. This surge is primarily driven by a significant increase in long-term debt, which grew from 0.12% to 27.92% during that year. Deferred tax liability also contributed to this increase, rising from 0.28% to 2.08%.
- Total Liabilities
- Total liabilities remained relatively stable, hovering around 39-41% from 2020 to 2024. A notable increase occurred in 2025, reaching 41.26%, reflecting the combined effect of increased long-term liabilities and a decrease in stockholders’ equity.
- Stockholders’ Equity
- Total stockholders’ equity decreased from 61.17% in 2020 to 58.62% in 2022, then increased significantly to 68.79% in 2024. However, a substantial decline occurred in 2025, falling to 58.74%. This fluctuation is largely explained by changes in retained earnings and capital in excess of par value. Retained earnings increased steadily from 47.26% to 68.72% in 2024, but then decreased sharply to 21.39% in 2025. Conversely, capital in excess of par value decreased from 20.59% to 9.26% in 2024, then increased dramatically to 38.65% in 2025. Treasury stock consistently represented a negative percentage of total equity, increasing in magnitude until 2024 before decreasing slightly in 2025.
- Specific Liability Accounts
- Payroll and related benefits decreased consistently from 6.13% in 2020 to 1.71% in 2025. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities showed an increase from 8.11% to 10.88% between 2020 and 2023, followed by a significant decrease to 2.75% in 2025. Other accrued liabilities remained relatively stable, fluctuating between 1.51% and 1.88% before decreasing to 0.40% in 2025.
The observed trends suggest a shift in the company’s financing structure, with a greater reliance on long-term debt in 2025 and a corresponding decrease in retained earnings. The significant changes in deferred revenue and capital in excess of par value warrant further investigation to understand the underlying business activities driving these fluctuations.