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International Business Machines Corp. (IBM)
Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Low level of difficulty
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company’s ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., solvency ratios
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
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| Debt Ratios | ||||||
| Debt to equity | |
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| Debt to capital | |
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| Debt to assets | |
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| Financial leverage | |
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| Coverage Ratios | ||||||
| Interest coverage | |
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| Fixed charge coverage | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | |
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | |
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | |
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | International Business Machines Corp.’s interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | International Business Machines Corp.’s fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Debt to Equity
International Business Machines Corp., debt to equity calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
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| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | |
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| Long-term debt | |
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| Total debt | |
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| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to equity1 | |
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| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
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| Alphabet Inc. | |
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| Facebook Inc. | |
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| Intuit Inc. | |
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| Microsoft Corp. | |
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| Oracle Corp. | |
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| salesforce.com inc. | |
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| Debt to Equity, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Debt to Equity, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. |
Debt to Capital
International Business Machines Corp., debt to capital calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | |
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| Long-term debt | |
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| Total debt | |
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| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | |
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| Total capital | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to capital1 | |
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| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
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| Alphabet Inc. | |
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| Facebook Inc. | |
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| Intuit Inc. | |
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| Microsoft Corp. | |
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| Oracle Corp. | |
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| salesforce.com inc. | |
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| Debt to Capital, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Debt to Capital, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. |
Debt to Assets
International Business Machines Corp., debt to assets calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | |
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| Long-term debt | |
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| Total debt | |
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| Total assets | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to assets1 | |
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| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
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| Alphabet Inc. | |
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| Facebook Inc. | |
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| Intuit Inc. | |
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| Microsoft Corp. | |
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| Oracle Corp. | |
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| salesforce.com inc. | |
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| Debt to Assets, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Debt to Assets, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. |
Financial Leverage
International Business Machines Corp., financial leverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Total assets | |
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| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Financial leverage1 | |
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| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
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| Alphabet Inc. | |
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| Facebook Inc. | |
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| Intuit Inc. | |
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| Microsoft Corp. | |
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| Oracle Corp. | |
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| salesforce.com inc. | |
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| Financial Leverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Financial Leverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Interest Coverage
International Business Machines Corp., interest coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | |
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| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | |
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| Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | |
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| Add: Income tax expense | |
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| Add: Interest expense | |
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| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Interest coverage1 | |
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| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
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|
|
|
| Alphabet Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Facebook Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Intuit Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Microsoft Corp. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Oracle Corp. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| salesforce.com inc. | |
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|
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| Interest Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Interest Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | International Business Machines Corp.’s interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Fixed Charge Coverage
International Business Machines Corp., fixed charge coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | |
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| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | |
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| Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | |
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| Add: Income tax expense | |
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| Add: Interest expense | |
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| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | |
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| Add: Rental expense | |
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| Earnings before fixed charges and tax | |
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| Interest expense | |
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| Rental expense | |
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| Fixed charges | |
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| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Fixed charge coverage1 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Alphabet Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Facebook Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Intuit Inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Microsoft Corp. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Oracle Corp. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| salesforce.com inc. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | |
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| Fixed Charge Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-24).
1 2018 Calculation
Fixed charge coverage = Earnings before fixed charges and tax ÷ Fixed charges
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | International Business Machines Corp.’s fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |