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Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company’s ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., solvency ratios
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to equity ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to capital ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to assets ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s financial leverage ratio decreased from 2018 to 2019 but then increased from 2019 to 2020 exceeding 2018 level. |
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | International Business Machines Corp.’s interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | International Business Machines Corp.’s fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Equity
International Business Machines Corp., debt to equity calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to equity1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Equity, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to equity ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
International Business Machines Corp., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to equity ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Capital
International Business Machines Corp., debt to capital calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Total capital | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to capital1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Capital, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to capital ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
International Business Machines Corp., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Total capital (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total debt (including operating lease liability) plus shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to capital ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Assets
International Business Machines Corp., debt to assets calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to assets1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Assets, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to assets ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
International Business Machines Corp., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current maturities | ||||||
| Total debt | ||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | ||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt (including operating lease liability) divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp.’s debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability) deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly improved from 2019 to 2020. |
Financial Leverage
International Business Machines Corp., financial leverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Total assets | ||||||
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Financial leverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Financial Leverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Financial leverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp.’s financial leverage ratio decreased from 2018 to 2019 but then increased from 2019 to 2020 exceeding 2018 level. |
Interest Coverage
International Business Machines Corp., interest coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | ||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||
| Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | ||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | ||||||
| Add: Interest expense | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Interest coverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Interest Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as EBIT divided by interest payments. | International Business Machines Corp.’s interest coverage ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Fixed Charge Coverage
International Business Machines Corp., fixed charge coverage calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | ||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||||
| Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | ||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | ||||||
| Add: Interest expense | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | ||||||
| Add: Operating lease cost | ||||||
| Earnings before fixed charges and tax | ||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||
| Operating lease cost | ||||||
| Fixed charges | ||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||
| Fixed charge coverage1 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Adobe Inc. | ||||||
| Alphabet Inc. | ||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | ||||||
| Facebook Inc. | ||||||
| Intuit Inc. | ||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | ||||||
| Oracle Corp. | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | ||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Computer Services | ||||||
| Fixed Charge Coverage, Industry | ||||||
| Technology | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28).
1 2020 Calculation
Fixed charge coverage = Earnings before fixed charges and tax ÷ Fixed charges
= ÷ =
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed charge coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as earnings before fixed charges and tax divided by fixed charges. | International Business Machines Corp.’s fixed charge coverage ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |