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Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc

International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE:IBM)

Analysis of Property, Plant and Equipment

Advanced level

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure

International Business Machines Corp., balance sheet: property, plant and equipment

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Land and land improvements
Buildings and building and leasehold improvements
Information technology equipment
Production, engineering, office and other equipment
Plant, laboratory and office equipment (legacy)
Rental machines
Property, plant and equipment, gross
Accumulated depreciation
Property, plant and equipment, net

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

Item Description The company
Property, plant and equipment, gross Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures. International Business Machines Corp.’s property, plant and equipment, gross increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019.
Property, plant and equipment, net Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures. International Business Machines Corp.’s property, plant and equipment, net decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Asset Age Ratios (Summary)

International Business Machines Corp., asset age ratios

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Average age ratio
Estimated total useful life (years)
Estimated age, time elapsed since purchase (years)
Estimated remaining life (years)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

Asset age ratio Description The company
Average age ratio As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company’s fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient. International Business Machines Corp.’s average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Estimated total useful life Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company’s depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors. International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Estimated time elapsed since purchase The approximate age in years of a company’s fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes. International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Estimated remaining life International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Average Age

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Accumulated depreciation
Property, plant and equipment, gross
Land and land improvements
Asset Age Ratio
Average age1

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

2019 Calculations

1 Average age = 100 × Accumulated depreciation ÷ (Property, plant and equipment, gross – Land and land improvements)
= 100 × ÷ ( – ) =

Asset age ratio Description The company
Average age As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company’s fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient. International Business Machines Corp.’s average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Estimated Total Useful Life

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Property, plant and equipment, gross
Land and land improvements
Depreciation expense
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated total useful life1

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

2019 Calculations

1 Estimated total useful life = (Property, plant and equipment, gross – Land and land improvements) ÷ Depreciation expense
= ( – ) ÷ =

Asset age ratio Description The company
Estimated total useful life Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company’s depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors. International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Estimated Age, Time Elapsed since Purchase

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Accumulated depreciation
Depreciation expense
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Time elapsed since purchase1

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

2019 Calculations

1 Time elapsed since purchase = Accumulated depreciation ÷ Depreciation expense
= ÷ =

Asset age ratio Description The company
Estimated time elapsed since purchase The approximate age in years of a company’s fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes. International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Estimated Remaining Life

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Property, plant and equipment, net
Land and land improvements
Depreciation expense
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated remaining life1

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-25), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-23).

2019 Calculations

1 Estimated remaining life = (Property, plant and equipment, net – Land and land improvements) ÷ Depreciation expense
= ( – ) ÷ =

Asset age ratio Description The company
Estimated remaining life International Business Machines Corp.’s estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.