Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Microsoft Corp., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Jun 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 71,055) | 71,024) | 65,443) | 46,746) | 36,908) | 16,308) | |
| Invested capital2 | 247,490) | 194,094) | 143,637) | 107,630) | 96,412) | 82,555) | |
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| ROIC3 | 28.71% | 36.59% | 45.56% | 43.43% | 38.28% | 19.75% | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | 21.14% | 23.93% | 25.83% | 26.30% | 24.83% | 25.00% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 21.68% | 26.93% | 29.44% | 21.67% | 19.74% | 17.25% | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | 7.63% | -0.68% | 3.78% | 3.44% | 7.64% | — | |
| Intuit Inc. | 8.53% | 9.30% | 17.64% | 20.65% | 34.71% | 32.34% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 10.34% | 9.70% | 17.55% | 11.53% | 15.18% | 5.88% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 28.59% | 19.73% | 11.48% | 9.91% | 13.83% | 10.72% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 3.00% | 5.42% | 8.23% | 5.09% | 8.97% | — | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 22.31% | 17.69% | 18.88% | 20.49% | 19.87% | — | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 11.03% | 17.54% | 11.52% | 11.63% | 8.35% | 6.37% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-06-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 71,055 ÷ 247,490 = 28.71%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Microsoft Corp. ROIC deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Decomposition of ROIC
Microsoft Corp., decomposition of ROIC
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-06-30).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the decrease in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2023 year is the decrease in efficiency measured by turnover of capital (TO) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Microsoft Corp., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Jun 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 71,055) | 71,024) | 65,443) | 46,746) | 36,908) | 16,308) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 22,831) | 16,637) | 9,821) | 8,771) | 10,807) | 24,571) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 93,886) | 87,661) | 75,264) | 55,517) | 47,715) | 40,878) | |
| Revenue | 211,915) | 198,270) | 168,088) | 143,015) | 125,843) | 110,360) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in unearned revenue | 5,405) | 4,267) | 4,961) | 1,974) | 4,486) | 6,064) | |
| Adjusted revenue | 217,320) | 202,537) | 173,049) | 144,989) | 130,329) | 116,424) | |
| Profitability Ratio | |||||||
| OPM3 | 43.20% | 43.28% | 43.49% | 38.29% | 36.61% | 35.11% | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | 14.56% | 15.48% | 16.65% | 16.59% | 14.89% | 14.07% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 35.97% | 36.56% | 40.89% | 34.42% | 31.93% | 35.32% | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | 17.57% | 2.98% | 10.91% | 9.64% | 15.99% | — | |
| Intuit Inc. | 23.08% | 21.00% | 28.02% | 29.42% | 28.33% | 25.71% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 26.91% | 24.11% | 40.03% | 34.29% | 34.21% | 35.42% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 29.22% | 23.90% | 16.95% | 17.41% | 16.22% | 16.97% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 10.25% | 16.40% | 20.24% | 15.63% | 19.12% | — | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 18.76% | 14.87% | 17.20% | 17.77% | 14.93% | — | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 20.63% | 27.91% | 22.47% | 22.28% | 17.29% | 15.30% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-06-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Adjusted revenue
= 100 × 93,886 ÷ 217,320 = 43.20%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Microsoft Corp. OPM deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Microsoft Corp., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Jun 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Revenue | 211,915) | 198,270) | 168,088) | 143,015) | 125,843) | 110,360) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in unearned revenue | 5,405) | 4,267) | 4,961) | 1,974) | 4,486) | 6,064) | |
| Adjusted revenue | 217,320) | 202,537) | 173,049) | 144,989) | 130,329) | 116,424) | |
| Invested capital1 | 247,490) | 194,094) | 143,637) | 107,630) | 96,412) | 82,555) | |
| Efficiency Ratio | |||||||
| TO2 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.41 | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | 1.94 | 2.08 | 1.95 | 1.97 | 2.16 | 2.38 | |
| Adobe Inc. | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.61 | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.59 | — | |
| Intuit Inc. | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.79 | 0.89 | 1.50 | 1.50 | |
| Oracle Corp. | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.55 | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 1.01 | 0.86 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.67 | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.51 | — | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 1.36 | — | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.59 | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-06-30).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2023 Calculation
TO = Adjusted revenue ÷ Invested capital
= 217,320 ÷ 247,490 = 0.88
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Microsoft Corp. TO deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Microsoft Corp., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Jun 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 71,055) | 71,024) | 65,443) | 46,746) | 36,908) | 16,308) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 22,831) | 16,637) | 9,821) | 8,771) | 10,807) | 24,571) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 93,886) | 87,661) | 75,264) | 55,517) | 47,715) | 40,878) | |
| Tax Rate | |||||||
| CTR3 | 24.32% | 18.98% | 13.05% | 15.80% | 22.65% | 60.11% | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | 25.34% | 25.55% | 20.47% | 19.34% | 22.96% | 25.38% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 24.54% | 14.22% | 10.28% | 9.63% | 7.06% | 19.97% | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | 22.56% | 139.75% | 33.85% | 37.95% | 18.49% | — | |
| Intuit Inc. | 39.49% | 14.74% | 20.15% | 20.99% | 18.37% | 16.40% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 25.66% | 26.20% | 13.28% | 23.42% | 19.20% | 70.01% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 2.83% | 3.82% | 8.83% | 7.62% | 5.72% | 6.34% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 25.51% | 8.31% | 6.79% | 19.81% | 7.62% | — | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 4.32% | 4.41% | 5.03% | 5.90% | 2.51% | — | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 24.60% | 11.45% | 18.39% | 10.36% | 16.50% | 28.97% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-06-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2023 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × 22,831 ÷ 93,886 = 24.32%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | Microsoft Corp. CTR increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |