Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE:IBM)

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin 
Quarterly Data

Microsoft Excel

Decomposing ROE involves expressing net income divided by shareholders’ equity as the product of component ratios.

Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of ROE (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
ROE = ROA × Financial Leverage
Mar 31, 2025 20.36% = 3.76% × 5.42
Dec 31, 2024 22.06% = 4.39% × 5.02
Sep 30, 2024 26.17% = 4.76% × 5.49
Jun 30, 2024 35.09% = 6.30% × 5.57
Mar 31, 2024 35.17% = 5.96% × 5.90
Dec 31, 2023 33.29% = 5.55% × 6.00
Sep 30, 2023 30.00% = 5.35% × 5.60
Jun 30, 2023 9.12% = 1.53% × 5.96
Mar 31, 2023 8.48% = 1.37% × 6.19
Dec 31, 2022 7.47% = 1.29% × 5.80
Sep 30, 2022 6.29% = 1.00% × 6.27
Jun 30, 2022 28.79% = 4.38% × 6.57
Mar 31, 2022 28.98% = 4.14% × 7.00
Dec 31, 2021 30.38% = 4.35% × 6.98
Sep 30, 2021 21.44% = 3.30% × 6.49
Jun 30, 2021 24.31% = 3.63% × 6.69
Mar 31, 2021 25.11% = 3.61% × 6.95
Dec 31, 2020 27.14% = 3.58% × 7.57
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × 7.27
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × 7.50
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × 7.67

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on equity ratio (ROE) over Q1 2025 is the decrease in profitability measured by return on assets ratio (ROA).

Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of ROE (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
ROE = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Financial Leverage
Mar 31, 2025 20.36% = 8.71% × 0.43 × 5.42
Dec 31, 2024 22.06% = 9.60% × 0.46 × 5.02
Sep 30, 2024 26.17% = 10.22% × 0.47 × 5.49
Jun 30, 2024 35.09% = 13.52% × 0.47 × 5.57
Mar 31, 2024 35.17% = 13.18% × 0.45 × 5.90
Dec 31, 2023 33.29% = 12.13% × 0.46 × 6.00
Sep 30, 2023 30.00% = 11.32% × 0.47 × 5.60
Jun 30, 2023 9.12% = 3.34% × 0.46 × 5.96
Mar 31, 2023 8.48% = 3.03% × 0.45 × 6.19
Dec 31, 2022 7.47% = 2.71% × 0.48 × 5.80
Sep 30, 2022 6.29% = 2.08% × 0.48 × 6.27
Jun 30, 2022 28.79% = 9.36% × 0.47 × 6.57
Mar 31, 2022 28.98% = 9.46% × 0.44 × 7.00
Dec 31, 2021 30.38% = 10.01% × 0.43 × 6.98
Sep 30, 2021 21.44% = 7.81% × 0.42 × 6.49
Jun 30, 2021 24.31% = 8.16% × 0.44 × 6.69
Mar 31, 2021 25.11% = 7.76% × 0.47 × 6.95
Dec 31, 2020 27.14% = 7.59% × 0.47 × 7.57
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × — × 7.27
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × — × 7.50
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × — × 7.67

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on equity ratio (ROE) over Q1 2025 is the decrease in profitability measured by net profit margin ratio.

Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of ROE (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
ROE = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Financial Leverage
Mar 31, 2025 20.36% = 0.93 × 0.77 × 12.09% × 0.43 × 5.42
Dec 31, 2024 22.06% = 1.04 × 0.77 × 11.98% × 0.46 × 5.02
Sep 30, 2024 26.17% = 1.02 × 0.79 × 12.73% × 0.47 × 5.49
Jun 30, 2024 35.09% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 17.04% × 0.47 × 5.57
Mar 31, 2024 35.17% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 16.76% × 0.45 × 5.90
Dec 31, 2023 33.29% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 16.63% × 0.46 × 6.00
Sep 30, 2023 30.00% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 15.67% × 0.47 × 5.60
Jun 30, 2023 9.12% = 1.17 × 0.55 × 5.16% × 0.46 × 5.96
Mar 31, 2023 8.48% = 1.34 × 0.52 × 4.36% × 0.45 × 6.19
Dec 31, 2022 7.47% = 1.62 × 0.45 × 3.68% × 0.48 × 5.80
Sep 30, 2022 6.29% = 2.10 × 0.33 × 2.99% × 0.48 × 6.27
Jun 30, 2022 28.79% = 0.93 × 0.83 × 12.05% × 0.47 × 6.57
Mar 31, 2022 28.98% = 0.96 × 0.83 × 11.91% × 0.44 × 7.00
Dec 31, 2021 30.38% = 0.98 × 0.84 × 12.25% × 0.43 × 6.98
Sep 30, 2021 21.44% = 1.06 × 0.79 × 9.30% × 0.42 × 6.49
Jun 30, 2021 24.31% = 0.98 × 0.82 × 10.15% × 0.44 × 6.69
Mar 31, 2021 25.11% = 0.96 × 0.82 × 9.84% × 0.47 × 6.95
Dec 31, 2020 27.14% = 1.18 × 0.79 × 8.17% × 0.47 × 7.57
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × — × — × — × 7.27
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × — × — × — × 7.50
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × — × — × — × 7.67

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on equity ratio (ROE) over Q1 2025 is the decrease in effect of taxes measured by tax burden ratio.

Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of ROA (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
ROA = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover
Mar 31, 2025 3.76% = 8.71% × 0.43
Dec 31, 2024 4.39% = 9.60% × 0.46
Sep 30, 2024 4.76% = 10.22% × 0.47
Jun 30, 2024 6.30% = 13.52% × 0.47
Mar 31, 2024 5.96% = 13.18% × 0.45
Dec 31, 2023 5.55% = 12.13% × 0.46
Sep 30, 2023 5.35% = 11.32% × 0.47
Jun 30, 2023 1.53% = 3.34% × 0.46
Mar 31, 2023 1.37% = 3.03% × 0.45
Dec 31, 2022 1.29% = 2.71% × 0.48
Sep 30, 2022 1.00% = 2.08% × 0.48
Jun 30, 2022 4.38% = 9.36% × 0.47
Mar 31, 2022 4.14% = 9.46% × 0.44
Dec 31, 2021 4.35% = 10.01% × 0.43
Sep 30, 2021 3.30% = 7.81% × 0.42
Jun 30, 2021 3.63% = 8.16% × 0.44
Mar 31, 2021 3.61% = 7.76% × 0.47
Dec 31, 2020 3.58% = 7.59% × 0.47
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × —
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × —
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × —

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on assets ratio (ROA) over Q1 2025 is the decrease in profitability measured by net profit margin ratio.

Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of ROA (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
ROA = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover
Mar 31, 2025 3.76% = 0.93 × 0.77 × 12.09% × 0.43
Dec 31, 2024 4.39% = 1.04 × 0.77 × 11.98% × 0.46
Sep 30, 2024 4.76% = 1.02 × 0.79 × 12.73% × 0.47
Jun 30, 2024 6.30% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 17.04% × 0.47
Mar 31, 2024 5.96% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 16.76% × 0.45
Dec 31, 2023 5.55% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 16.63% × 0.46
Sep 30, 2023 5.35% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 15.67% × 0.47
Jun 30, 2023 1.53% = 1.17 × 0.55 × 5.16% × 0.46
Mar 31, 2023 1.37% = 1.34 × 0.52 × 4.36% × 0.45
Dec 31, 2022 1.29% = 1.62 × 0.45 × 3.68% × 0.48
Sep 30, 2022 1.00% = 2.10 × 0.33 × 2.99% × 0.48
Jun 30, 2022 4.38% = 0.93 × 0.83 × 12.05% × 0.47
Mar 31, 2022 4.14% = 0.96 × 0.83 × 11.91% × 0.44
Dec 31, 2021 4.35% = 0.98 × 0.84 × 12.25% × 0.43
Sep 30, 2021 3.30% = 1.06 × 0.79 × 9.30% × 0.42
Jun 30, 2021 3.63% = 0.98 × 0.82 × 10.15% × 0.44
Mar 31, 2021 3.61% = 0.96 × 0.82 × 9.84% × 0.47
Dec 31, 2020 3.58% = 1.18 × 0.79 × 8.17% × 0.47
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × — × — × —
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × — × — × —
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × — × — × —

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on assets ratio (ROA) over Q1 2025 is the decrease in effect of taxes measured by tax burden ratio.

Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

International Business Machines Corp., decomposition of net profit margin ratio (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Net Profit Margin = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin
Mar 31, 2025 8.71% = 0.93 × 0.77 × 12.09%
Dec 31, 2024 9.60% = 1.04 × 0.77 × 11.98%
Sep 30, 2024 10.22% = 1.02 × 0.79 × 12.73%
Jun 30, 2024 13.52% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 17.04%
Mar 31, 2024 13.18% = 0.94 × 0.84 × 16.76%
Dec 31, 2023 12.13% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 16.63%
Sep 30, 2023 11.32% = 0.86 × 0.84 × 15.67%
Jun 30, 2023 3.34% = 1.17 × 0.55 × 5.16%
Mar 31, 2023 3.03% = 1.34 × 0.52 × 4.36%
Dec 31, 2022 2.71% = 1.62 × 0.45 × 3.68%
Sep 30, 2022 2.08% = 2.10 × 0.33 × 2.99%
Jun 30, 2022 9.36% = 0.93 × 0.83 × 12.05%
Mar 31, 2022 9.46% = 0.96 × 0.83 × 11.91%
Dec 31, 2021 10.01% = 0.98 × 0.84 × 12.25%
Sep 30, 2021 7.81% = 1.06 × 0.79 × 9.30%
Jun 30, 2021 8.16% = 0.98 × 0.82 × 10.15%
Mar 31, 2021 7.76% = 0.96 × 0.82 × 9.84%
Dec 31, 2020 7.59% = 1.18 × 0.79 × 8.17%
Sep 30, 2020 — = — × — × —
Jun 30, 2020 — = — × — × —
Mar 31, 2020 — = — × — × —

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).

The primary reason for the decrease in net profit margin ratio over Q1 2025 is the decrease in effect of taxes measured by tax burden ratio.