Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Quarterly Data
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Microsoft Corp., historical price multiples (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
- Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio
- The Price to Earnings ratio shows a fluctuating but overall downward trend from late 2020 through 2022, declining from approximately 34 to the mid-20s range. This indicates that the stock's valuation relative to earnings became more conservative over this period. Beginning in early 2023, a notable upward trend emerges, with the P/E ratio rising back into the mid-30s by mid-2024. This resurgence suggests increasing market confidence or improved earnings expectations. The ratio again experiences fluctuations towards the latter part of the data, ending slightly above 38 by September 2025, indicating a strong valuation relative to earnings at that time.
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) Ratio
- The Price to Operating Profit ratio mirrors a pattern similar to the P/E ratio, with a decrease from nearly 31 in early 2021 to around 22 by late 2022, reflecting a more conservative valuation relative to operating profits. From early 2023 onward, the ratio increases steadily back into the high 20s and low 30s, suggesting improved market perceptions of operating profitability or expectations of stronger future operating income. There is a slight dip in late 2024 but the ratio remains elevated compared to the lowest points observed in 2022.
- Price to Sales (P/S) Ratio
- Price to Sales ratio demonstrates a consistent pattern of rising until mid-2021, peaking above 13, followed by a downward correction through late 2022 to below 9. This decline points to a revaluation of the company's sales relative to stock price during that timeframe. However, the ratio rebounds sharply starting early 2023, reaching levels exceeding 13 by mid-2025. This upward movement indicates renewed investor optimism regarding sales performance or revenue growth prospects, maintaining a generally high valuation against sales throughout the recent periods.
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) Ratio
- The Price to Book Value ratio shows an upward trend throughout 2020 and early 2021, reaching a maximum near 15.3, followed by a steady decline through 2022 to below 10, which signals a reduction in market valuation relative to book value. From 2023 onwards, a gradual recovery occurs, with the ratio rising back above 11 by 2024, and maintaining stability around that level through mid-2025. Despite fluctuations, the ratio remains lower than the early peaks, suggesting a tempered market valuation concerning the company's net asset value compared to previous years.
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Microsoft Corp., historical P/E calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 7,432,377,655 | 7,433,166,379 | 7,432,543,865 | 7,433,982,235 | 7,434,880,776 | 7,433,038,381 | 7,432,305,794 | 7,430,436,229 | 7,432,262,329 | 7,429,763,722 | 7,435,487,575 | 7,443,803,533 | 7,454,473,144 | 7,457,891,872 | 7,479,033,135 | 7,496,866,428 | 7,507,980,444 | 7,514,891,248 | 7,531,574,551 | 7,542,215,767 | 7,560,495,969 | |||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (in millions) | 27,747) | 27,233) | 25,824) | 24,108) | 24,667) | 22,036) | 21,939) | 21,870) | 22,291) | 20,081) | 18,299) | 16,425) | 17,556) | 16,740) | 16,728) | 18,765) | 20,505) | 16,458) | 15,457) | 15,463) | 13,893) | |||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS)2 | 14.12 | 13.70 | 13.00 | 12.48 | 12.17 | 11.86 | 11.60 | 11.11 | 10.37 | 9.74 | 9.28 | 9.06 | 9.36 | 9.75 | 9.69 | 9.50 | 9.04 | 8.15 | 7.44 | 6.80 | 6.28 | |||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 541.55 | 513.24 | 395.26 | 442.33 | 432.53 | 422.92 | 399.04 | 408.59 | 330.53 | 330.72 | 275.42 | 242.04 | 250.66 | 276.41 | 270.22 | 288.49 | 310.11 | 286.50 | 261.97 | 232.33 | 213.25 | |||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/E ratio4 | 38.37 | 37.46 | 30.40 | 35.45 | 35.53 | 35.67 | 34.41 | 36.78 | 31.86 | 33.96 | 29.67 | 26.71 | 26.77 | 28.34 | 27.89 | 30.38 | 34.30 | 35.14 | 35.22 | 34.15 | 33.95 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 19.47 | 22.37 | 24.53 | 30.76 | 31.07 | 27.59 | 30.87 | 31.14 | 27.81 | 27.07 | 24.73 | 23.64 | 22.93 | 27.30 | 31.69 | 40.88 | 36.58 | 32.02 | 31.11 | 31.97 | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | — | — | 21.26 | 23.93 | 25.11 | 31.98 | 42.53 | 46.15 | 47.07 | 49.64 | 44.69 | 45.30 | 36.72 | 33.15 | 27.18 | 35.27 | 45.03 | 48.90 | 47.07 | 49.98 | 40.82 | |||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | — | — | 54.38 | 53.48 | 68.97 | 49.07 | 27.16 | 40.75 | 56.56 | 128.35 | 508.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | 87.60 | 99.91 | 75.17 | 67.09 | 76.54 | 69.10 | 72.17 | 78.64 | 68.16 | 73.71 | 67.89 | 59.70 | 55.98 | 59.24 | 56.00 | 53.88 | 66.92 | 59.14 | 61.38 | |||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | — | — | 675.68 | 391.27 | 632.51 | 892.67 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 366.47 | 220.89 | 235.49 | 220.03 | 232.13 | 340.29 | 884.97 | — | — | — | — | — | 5,463.33 | 16,813.15 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | 33.69 | 41.60 | 38.94 | 39.68 | 29.62 | 20.87 | 18.66 | 22.50 | 19.07 | 63.16 | 62.36 | 71.56 | 95.23 | 20.78 | 22.19 | 19.40 | 23.26 | 23.99 | 23.63 | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | — | 48.19 | 53.58 | 51.15 | 65.11 | 58.94 | 60.26 | 66.50 | 61.19 | 64.61 | 56.26 | 59.38 | 56.80 | 57.31 | 40.47 | 63.28 | 85.13 | 75.17 | 56.40 | 62.56 | 48.28 | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 75.00 | 47.60 | 33.25 | 42.77 | 39.36 | 37.63 | 32.94 | 27.34 | 32.03 | 38.96 | 27.11 | 24.69 | 35.29 | 26.85 | 27.46 | 26.70 | 17.45 | 15.84 | 15.15 | 17.19 | 17.88 | |||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 538.53 | 450.16 | 632.38 | 244.40 | 147.19 | 159.62 | 246.77 | 279.03 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 112.39 | 97.64 | 105.57 | 47.73 | 42.42 | 41.23 | 37.18 | 127.17 | 170.35 | 290.26 | 1,656.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 41.12 | 45.28 | 59.32 | 43.63 | 38.62 | 71.24 | 94.07 | 136.55 | 547.14 | 879.57 | 528.78 | 324.46 | 174.67 | 135.68 | 147.95 | 110.94 | 48.91 | 48.20 | 58.10 | 104.23 | — | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 124.75 | 109.38 | 146.40 | 147.50 | 148.98 | 77.25 | 90.80 | 71.21 | 80.21 | 231.71 | 284.28 | 417.74 | 479.20 | 452.04 | 487.70 | 620.23 | 681.34 | 654.66 | |||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 56.20 | 33.17 | 34.48 | 33.69 | 55.30 | 63.08 | 62.39 | 70.08 | 62.65 | 67.52 | 57.28 | 51.76 | 53.76 | 46.52 | 48.45 | 73.37 | 64.13 | 45.71 | 56.52 | |||||||
| Workday Inc. | 130.49 | 122.85 | 43.12 | 44.76 | 37.68 | 50.53 | 934.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,957.29 | 2,418.34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q1 2026 Calculation
EPS
= (Net incomeQ1 2026
+ Net incomeQ4 2025
+ Net incomeQ3 2025
+ Net incomeQ2 2025)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (27,747,000,000 + 27,233,000,000 + 25,824,000,000 + 24,108,000,000)
÷ 7,432,377,655 = 14.12
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Microsoft Corp. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q1 2026 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= 541.55 ÷ 14.12 = 38.37
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The quarterly financial data reveals distinct trends in the share price, earnings per share (EPS), and price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio over the analyzed periods.
- Share Price
- The share price exhibited a general upward trend from September 2020 through June 2024. Starting at $213.25 in late 2020, the price rose steadily, surpassing the $400 mark in December 2023, and reaching peaks above $500 by the mid-2025 period. Notably, some fluctuations occurred, such as a decline from $310.11 in September 2021 to about $242 by December 2022, followed by a strong rebound thereafter. This pattern suggests cyclical fluctuations but overall significant capital appreciation across the observed timeline.
- Earnings per Share (EPS)
- EPS showed a consistent increase throughout the periods, starting at $6.28 in September 2020 and almost doubling to $14.12 by September 2025. This steady rise indicates improved profitability on a per-share basis. There are no evident declines or stagnations, highlighting a robust earnings growth trajectory.
- Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio
- The P/E ratio showed more variability compared to share price and EPS. Initially high around 34–35 in late 2020 and early 2021, it declined to a low near 26–27 by September to December 2022, indicating the market’s valuation becoming more conservative relative to earnings during that period. Subsequent periods from 2023 onwards saw a rise again, peaking above 38 in mid-2025, which could reflect increased market optimism or expectations of future growth. The oscillations in P/E ratio suggest changing investor sentiment or shifts in market conditions despite steadily rising EPS.
In summary, the data reflects a strong and consistent growth in earnings per share, complemented by an overall upward trajectory in share price, albeit with some volatility. The P/E ratio fluctuations indicate varying investor perceptions of valuation, alternating between conservative and optimistic assessments. Together, these trends portray a company experiencing steady profitability improvements with market valuations that adjust dynamically to prevailing economic and market environments.
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Microsoft Corp., historical P/OP calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 7,432,377,655 | 7,433,166,379 | 7,432,543,865 | 7,433,982,235 | 7,434,880,776 | 7,433,038,381 | 7,432,305,794 | 7,430,436,229 | 7,432,262,329 | 7,429,763,722 | 7,435,487,575 | 7,443,803,533 | 7,454,473,144 | 7,457,891,872 | 7,479,033,135 | 7,496,866,428 | 7,507,980,444 | 7,514,891,248 | 7,531,574,551 | 7,542,215,767 | 7,560,495,969 | |||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (in millions) | 37,961) | 34,323) | 32,000) | 31,653) | 30,552) | 27,925) | 27,581) | 27,032) | 26,895) | 24,254) | 22,352) | 20,399) | 21,518) | 20,534) | 20,364) | 22,247) | 20,238) | 19,095) | 17,048) | 17,897) | 15,876) | |||||||
| Operating profit per share2 | 18.29 | 17.29 | 16.43 | 15.83 | 15.21 | 14.72 | 14.23 | 13.53 | 12.63 | 11.91 | 11.41 | 11.13 | 11.36 | 11.18 | 10.96 | 10.49 | 9.89 | 9.30 | 8.53 | 7.98 | 7.43 | |||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 541.55 | 513.24 | 395.26 | 442.33 | 432.53 | 422.92 | 399.04 | 408.59 | 330.53 | 330.72 | 275.42 | 242.04 | 250.66 | 276.41 | 270.22 | 288.49 | 310.11 | 286.50 | 261.97 | 232.33 | 213.25 | |||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/OP ratio4 | 29.61 | 29.68 | 24.05 | 27.94 | 28.44 | 28.73 | 28.04 | 30.20 | 26.16 | 27.76 | 24.15 | 21.76 | 22.07 | 24.72 | 24.66 | 27.51 | 31.35 | 30.79 | 30.72 | 29.13 | 28.71 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 14.62 | 16.89 | 18.52 | 23.34 | 23.52 | 20.96 | 24.43 | 24.40 | 21.69 | 21.16 | 18.24 | 17.50 | 16.83 | 19.98 | 23.62 | 31.03 | 28.35 | 25.67 | 24.96 | 25.29 | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | — | — | 17.60 | 20.00 | 21.20 | 26.38 | 34.93 | 37.61 | 37.84 | 40.52 | 35.69 | 35.47 | 28.49 | 25.85 | 21.47 | 28.50 | 36.67 | 40.64 | 49.83 | 54.24 | 47.80 | |||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | — | — | 44.93 | 43.26 | 58.16 | 36.85 | 18.93 | 26.27 | 31.12 | 37.82 | 46.66 | 45.96 | — | 182.48 | 465.09 | 1,412.13 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | 62.56 | 71.69 | 55.59 | 52.42 | 64.64 | 62.16 | 64.10 | 65.43 | 57.98 | 59.96 | 53.91 | 47.21 | 41.53 | 46.31 | 46.60 | 48.13 | 60.37 | 53.96 | 56.52 | |||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | — | — | — | 1,246.42 | 3,413.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | — | 1,225.87 | 797.11 | 582.08 | 786.59 | 2,905.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,299.68 | 8,476.50 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | 23.84 | 23.57 | 22.11 | 25.48 | 20.07 | 18.25 | 16.26 | 17.99 | 14.81 | 15.22 | 13.98 | 14.35 | 15.37 | 15.24 | 17.07 | 16.23 | 19.92 | 19.33 | 17.63 | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | — | 37.87 | 41.91 | 40.68 | 52.88 | 48.11 | 48.74 | 53.07 | 46.91 | 49.04 | 41.32 | 43.34 | 43.50 | 46.05 | 33.22 | 53.54 | 71.64 | 62.00 | 46.48 | 52.54 | 39.99 | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 51.94 | 33.50 | 23.43 | 29.86 | 26.92 | 25.65 | 23.67 | 19.36 | 21.82 | 25.30 | 16.87 | 15.50 | 20.25 | 16.51 | 18.93 | 24.87 | 15.78 | 14.31 | 12.98 | 12.20 | 12.88 | |||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 721.72 | 633.43 | 941.61 | 318.98 | 203.93 | 242.24 | 431.61 | 1,130.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 102.53 | 122.82 | 140.59 | 172.78 | 159.88 | 144.37 | 140.84 | 132.93 | 193.40 | 418.85 | 2,481.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 34.31 | 38.94 | 50.24 | 37.14 | 33.49 | 58.80 | 65.09 | 79.66 | 145.83 | 177.62 | 295.77 | 2,318.80 | 818.64 | 357.52 | 280.57 | 236.57 | 228.93 | 431.39 | 914.43 | 3,682.10 | — | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 129.42 | 113.44 | 152.95 | 156.39 | 159.12 | 156.78 | 206.26 | 174.57 | 225.28 | 224.96 | 260.26 | 357.30 | 404.46 | 408.11 | 436.46 | 570.38 | 493.80 | 404.36 | |||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 101.65 | 55.22 | 57.97 | 56.25 | 56.16 | 63.80 | 64.29 | 67.90 | 61.35 | 62.50 | 50.41 | 43.85 | 48.91 | 42.54 | 47.17 | 75.64 | 65.25 | 49.28 | 59.98 | |||||||
| Workday Inc. | 162.95 | 155.71 | 166.90 | 201.96 | 210.15 | 381.31 | 4,065.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q1 2026 Calculation
Operating profit per share
= (Operating incomeQ1 2026
+ Operating incomeQ4 2025
+ Operating incomeQ3 2025
+ Operating incomeQ2 2025)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (37,961,000,000 + 34,323,000,000 + 32,000,000,000 + 31,653,000,000)
÷ 7,432,377,655 = 18.29
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Microsoft Corp. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q1 2026 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= 541.55 ÷ 18.29 = 29.61
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals several notable trends over the examined periods, reflecting the company's market valuation and operational profitability on a quarterly basis.
- Share Price Movement
- The share price exhibits a generally upward trajectory with periods of volatility. Starting at $213.25, it peaks at various points, notably reaching highs above $400 by late 2023 and maintaining elevated levels into 2025. However, intermittent declines are observed, such as the decrease from $310.11 to $250.66 between September 2021 and September 2022, followed by recovery phases. The most recent data points show substantial increases, reaching $541.55 in September 2025, indicating strong market confidence or positive investor sentiment toward the company during this period.
- Operating Profit per Share Evolution
- The operating profit per share demonstrates a consistent upward trend across all reported quarters. Beginning at $7.43, there is a steady increase quarter over quarter, culminating at $18.29 by September 2025. This reflects an improving operational efficiency or revenue growth, which supports higher profitability per share. The growth pace appears stable, with no significant declines, underscoring the company’s sustained operational performance improvement.
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) Ratio Trends
- The P/OP ratio shows fluctuations around a range of approximately 22 to 31, indicating varying market valuation multiples relative to operating profits per share. Early periods exhibit higher ratios above 28, dipping to near 22 in some quarters during 2022, which might suggest market adjustments to share price relative to operating profit. Later periods display ratios ranging between 24 and 30, suggesting fluctuating investor valuation despite the consistent rise in operating profits. Notably, the ratio does not fall below 22, indicating sustained investor willingness to pay a premium relative to operating profits.
In summary, the data indicates robust growth in operating profit per share alongside a share price exhibiting significant appreciation but with marked volatility. The P/OP ratio variations suggest the market periodically reassesses the company's value relative to its operating profitability, possibly in response to broader market conditions or company-specific events. Overall, the financial metrics reflect a company with improving profitability and strong market valuation trends over the reported periods.
Price to Sales (P/S)
Microsoft Corp., historical P/S calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 7,432,377,655 | 7,433,166,379 | 7,432,543,865 | 7,433,982,235 | 7,434,880,776 | 7,433,038,381 | 7,432,305,794 | 7,430,436,229 | 7,432,262,329 | 7,429,763,722 | 7,435,487,575 | 7,443,803,533 | 7,454,473,144 | 7,457,891,872 | 7,479,033,135 | 7,496,866,428 | 7,507,980,444 | 7,514,891,248 | 7,531,574,551 | 7,542,215,767 | 7,560,495,969 | |||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue (in millions) | 77,673) | 76,441) | 70,066) | 69,632) | 65,585) | 64,727) | 61,858) | 62,020) | 56,517) | 56,189) | 52,857) | 52,747) | 50,122) | 51,865) | 49,360) | 51,728) | 45,317) | 46,152) | 41,706) | 43,076) | 37,154) | |||||||
| Sales per share2 | 39.53 | 37.90 | 36.33 | 35.22 | 34.19 | 32.98 | 31.83 | 30.63 | 29.37 | 28.52 | 27.92 | 27.42 | 27.24 | 26.59 | 25.75 | 24.66 | 23.48 | 22.37 | 21.24 | 20.32 | 19.46 | |||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 541.55 | 513.24 | 395.26 | 442.33 | 432.53 | 422.92 | 399.04 | 408.59 | 330.53 | 330.72 | 275.42 | 242.04 | 250.66 | 276.41 | 270.22 | 288.49 | 310.11 | 286.50 | 261.97 | 232.33 | 213.25 | |||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/S ratio4 | 13.70 | 13.54 | 10.88 | 12.56 | 12.65 | 12.82 | 12.54 | 13.34 | 11.25 | 11.60 | 9.86 | 8.83 | 9.20 | 10.40 | 10.50 | 11.70 | 13.21 | 12.81 | 12.33 | 11.43 | 10.96 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 2.15 | 2.60 | 2.80 | 3.51 | 3.48 | 2.98 | 3.36 | 3.32 | 2.98 | 3.05 | 2.72 | 2.67 | 2.56 | 3.04 | 3.57 | 4.72 | 4.28 | 3.86 | 3.72 | 3.75 | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | — | — | 6.38 | 7.27 | 7.69 | 8.27 | 10.88 | 11.47 | 11.33 | 13.88 | 12.12 | 11.93 | 9.66 | 8.95 | 7.61 | 10.33 | 13.47 | 14.94 | 18.20 | 19.39 | 16.61 | |||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | — | — | 26.48 | 21.35 | 23.14 | 13.19 | 5.68 | 6.71 | 6.14 | 4.44 | 3.55 | 2.23 | 1.80 | 2.08 | 4.61 | 5.30 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | 17.83 | 19.87 | 16.68 | 15.26 | 18.27 | 17.52 | 18.53 | 20.02 | 16.65 | 17.25 | 15.77 | 14.23 | 12.80 | 13.99 | 13.21 | 12.55 | 15.59 | 13.88 | 14.33 | |||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 27.75 | 19.36 | 22.89 | 18.94 | 25.36 | 26.10 | 19.77 | 14.73 | 15.27 | 12.81 | 13.55 | 23.24 | 22.99 | 30.15 | 37.35 | 54.14 | 46.77 | 48.70 | 46.83 | 43.35 | 37.61 | |||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 15.14 | 12.92 | 16.12 | 16.67 | 15.81 | 17.37 | 20.19 | 16.72 | 14.86 | 13.74 | 14.64 | 14.59 | 26.18 | 29.04 | 49.25 | 65.77 | 53.51 | 35.53 | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | 4.07 | 3.79 | 3.39 | 3.81 | 3.03 | 2.82 | 2.46 | 2.73 | 2.16 | 2.11 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 1.99 | 1.95 | 2.10 | 1.94 | 1.82 | 1.96 | 1.83 | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | — | 9.90 | 10.22 | 9.05 | 11.46 | 10.72 | 11.71 | 12.20 | 10.73 | 10.72 | 8.95 | 8.44 | 8.01 | 9.30 | 7.87 | 12.04 | 17.26 | 16.09 | 13.50 | 14.16 | 12.12 | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 15.81 | 10.32 | 7.25 | 9.05 | 8.03 | 7.44 | 6.68 | 5.37 | 5.89 | 6.63 | 4.73 | 4.71 | 4.64 | 4.25 | 4.96 | 6.62 | 5.96 | 5.38 | 4.90 | 4.53 | 4.67 | |||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 119.47 | 82.47 | 102.00 | 44.01 | 24.02 | 20.42 | 23.27 | 19.34 | 17.93 | 10.19 | 9.34 | 7.98 | 11.62 | 9.27 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 13.82 | 13.62 | 15.45 | 15.74 | 13.62 | 12.95 | 11.25 | 10.83 | 10.87 | 9.63 | 9.23 | 8.70 | 9.62 | 9.22 | 9.68 | 11.48 | 10.72 | 8.85 | 9.71 | 7.64 | |||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 6.61 | 7.40 | 9.47 | 6.74 | 5.91 | 8.45 | 7.18 | 6.52 | 6.44 | 5.84 | 4.85 | 5.93 | 6.27 | 7.40 | 10.30 | 11.09 | 9.72 | 9.24 | 10.19 | 12.73 | 8.72 | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 17.19 | 14.67 | 18.99 | 18.83 | 17.15 | 15.71 | 17.52 | 13.33 | 14.25 | 12.17 | 12.75 | 12.13 | 13.36 | 16.11 | 19.02 | 24.74 | 22.46 | 20.63 | |||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 17.44 | 11.53 | 11.98 | 12.45 | 13.60 | 14.87 | 14.65 | 14.75 | 11.72 | 11.75 | 10.44 | 10.03 | 11.21 | 9.86 | 9.78 | 13.22 | 11.85 | 9.27 | 10.69 | |||||||
| Workday Inc. | 7.31 | 7.65 | 8.57 | 8.77 | 7.41 | 9.61 | 8.94 | 8.77 | 7.93 | 7.71 | 6.19 | 7.33 | 7.91 | 11.19 | 15.28 | 13.10 | 13.09 | 13.95 | 12.07 | 14.47 | 11.23 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q1 2026 Calculation
Sales per share
= (RevenueQ1 2026
+ RevenueQ4 2025
+ RevenueQ3 2025
+ RevenueQ2 2025)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (77,673,000,000 + 76,441,000,000 + 70,066,000,000 + 69,632,000,000)
÷ 7,432,377,655 = 39.53
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Microsoft Corp. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q1 2026 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= 541.55 ÷ 39.53 = 13.70
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Share Price
- The share price demonstrated an overall upward trend with some fluctuations over the observed periods. Starting at $213.25 in September 2020, the price reached a peak of $310.11 by September 2021, followed by a decline to approximately $242.04 by December 2022. After this dip, the price recovered strongly, surpassing previous highs, peaking at $442.33 in December 2024, with significant volatility observed in later periods, climaxing at $541.55 by September 2025. This pattern suggests cycles of market optimism interspersed with periods of correction or profit-taking.
- Sales per Share
- Sales per share exhibited a consistent and steady increase throughout the entire timeframe. Starting from $19.46 in September 2020, sales per share rose continuously each quarter without any declines, reaching $39.53 by September 2025. This steady growth indicates sustained operational performance improvement and effective revenue generation on a per-share basis.
- Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio
- The P/S ratio showed variability reflective of changes in both share price and sales per share dynamics. Initially, the ratio increased from 10.96 in September 2020 to 13.21 by September 2021, aligning with rising share prices outpacing sales growth. Subsequently, the ratio declined to a low of approximately 8.83 in December 2022 during the period of share price correction despite steady sales growth. Following this, the ratio recovered to levels above 13.5 in the latest quarters, corresponding with notable share price appreciation. Overall, the P/S ratio trend indicates alternating periods when the market valued the shares more or less richly relative to sales, reflecting investor sentiment fluctuations and reassessments of valuation.
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Microsoft Corp., historical P/BV calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 7,432,377,655 | 7,433,166,379 | 7,432,543,865 | 7,433,982,235 | 7,434,880,776 | 7,433,038,381 | 7,432,305,794 | 7,430,436,229 | 7,432,262,329 | 7,429,763,722 | 7,435,487,575 | 7,443,803,533 | 7,454,473,144 | 7,457,891,872 | 7,479,033,135 | 7,496,866,428 | 7,507,980,444 | 7,514,891,248 | 7,531,574,551 | 7,542,215,767 | 7,560,495,969 | |||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (in millions) | 363,076) | 343,479) | 321,891) | 302,695) | 287,723) | 268,477) | 253,152) | 238,268) | 220,714) | 206,223) | 194,683) | 183,136) | 173,566) | 166,542) | 162,924) | 160,010) | 151,978) | 141,988) | 134,505) | 130,236) | 123,392) | |||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS)2 | 48.85 | 46.21 | 43.31 | 40.72 | 38.70 | 36.12 | 34.06 | 32.07 | 29.70 | 27.76 | 26.18 | 24.60 | 23.28 | 22.33 | 21.78 | 21.34 | 20.24 | 18.89 | 17.86 | 17.27 | 16.32 | |||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 541.55 | 513.24 | 395.26 | 442.33 | 432.53 | 422.92 | 399.04 | 408.59 | 330.53 | 330.72 | 275.42 | 242.04 | 250.66 | 276.41 | 270.22 | 288.49 | 310.11 | 286.50 | 261.97 | 232.33 | 213.25 | |||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/BV ratio4 | 11.09 | 11.11 | 9.13 | 10.86 | 11.18 | 11.71 | 11.72 | 12.74 | 11.13 | 11.92 | 10.52 | 9.84 | 10.77 | 12.38 | 12.40 | 13.52 | 15.32 | 15.16 | 14.67 | 13.45 | 13.07 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 4.79 | 5.82 | 6.44 | 7.98 | 7.98 | 6.92 | 8.00 | 8.03 | 7.44 | 7.65 | 7.22 | 7.26 | 7.13 | 8.46 | 9.85 | 12.45 | 11.06 | 9.57 | 9.27 | 9.38 | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | — | — | 12.56 | 14.36 | 12.95 | 12.61 | 15.67 | 15.79 | 14.62 | 16.31 | 14.51 | 14.82 | 12.24 | 11.22 | 9.10 | 12.33 | 15.78 | 15.94 | 19.07 | 20.14 | 16.77 | |||||||
| AppLovin Corp. | — | — | — | 113.19 | 178.46 | 99.97 | 60.29 | 27.56 | 32.03 | 16.06 | 12.29 | 6.74 | 3.42 | 2.67 | 3.22 | 7.06 | 7.41 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | 17.88 | 20.19 | 17.02 | 15.15 | 17.43 | 17.12 | 21.18 | 24.05 | 20.96 | 22.55 | 19.75 | 18.46 | 16.23 | 17.49 | 15.10 | 13.68 | 17.63 | 15.94 | 15.79 | |||||||
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 33.27 | 23.34 | 28.00 | 23.34 | 32.84 | 34.61 | 27.75 | 21.18 | 23.27 | 19.61 | 20.98 | 34.78 | 34.12 | 42.67 | 50.64 | 68.13 | 55.02 | 48.91 | 43.84 | 35.86 | 28.17 | |||||||
| Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 14.29 | 12.55 | 15.94 | 16.08 | 15.73 | 17.81 | 21.22 | 18.59 | 17.10 | 16.30 | 17.39 | 17.33 | 29.42 | 31.03 | 48.66 | 60.46 | 44.80 | 28.33 | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | 9.55 | 8.82 | 7.93 | 8.75 | 7.75 | 7.32 | 6.56 | 7.49 | 5.72 | 5.76 | 5.29 | 5.34 | 5.99 | 5.98 | 6.43 | 5.90 | 4.99 | 5.83 | 5.93 | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | — | 9.46 | 9.23 | 8.65 | 10.48 | 9.47 | 9.87 | 10.89 | 9.31 | 8.92 | 7.16 | 7.29 | 6.64 | 7.20 | 5.97 | 8.81 | 18.30 | 15.71 | 12.05 | 12.32 | 18.11 | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 38.63 | 28.96 | 24.17 | 36.17 | 39.94 | 45.25 | 62.34 | 71.68 | 126.71 | 308.71 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41.57 | 21.84 | 22.54 | 19.31 | |||||||
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 69.33 | 47.36 | 58.42 | 25.89 | 14.70 | 12.62 | 14.90 | 12.89 | 12.41 | 7.43 | 6.94 | 6.12 | 8.63 | 6.46 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 16.29 | 16.72 | 20.77 | 22.07 | 21.15 | 22.59 | 19.43 | 35.97 | 42.84 | 50.71 | 77.94 | 99.68 | 252.00 | 141.27 | 399.29 | 100.84 | 71.88 | 35.40 | 35.42 | 36.65 | |||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 4.21 | 4.59 | 6.02 | 4.26 | 3.54 | 4.94 | 4.20 | 3.71 | 3.61 | 3.13 | 2.48 | 2.89 | 2.98 | 3.37 | 4.51 | 4.70 | 5.10 | 4.73 | 5.13 | 6.42 | 4.60 | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 18.95 | 16.59 | 21.71 | 21.21 | 19.70 | 18.37 | 20.60 | 15.73 | 16.49 | 16.55 | 18.36 | 18.56 | 21.02 | 25.22 | 30.36 | 38.72 | 35.47 | 32.82 | |||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 4.07 | 7.24 | 7.82 | 8.48 | 10.75 | 12.58 | 13.16 | 14.02 | 10.87 | 10.66 | 9.58 | 9.24 | 9.90 | 8.43 | 8.17 | 10.50 | 9.38 | 7.26 | 8.37 | |||||||
| Workday Inc. | 7.13 | 7.15 | 8.10 | 8.27 | 6.87 | 8.63 | 9.42 | 9.39 | 8.63 | 8.58 | 6.81 | 8.11 | 8.93 | 12.68 | 17.74 | 15.82 | 17.19 | 18.38 | 16.33 | 20.36 | 16.49 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q1 2026 Calculation
BVPS = Stockholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 363,076,000,000 ÷ 7,432,377,655 = 48.85
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Microsoft Corp. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q1 2026 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= 541.55 ÷ 48.85 = 11.09
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the financial ratios and share price trends over multiple quarters reveals distinct patterns and shifts in valuation metrics:
- Share Price
- The share price exhibits an overall upward trajectory from September 2020 through September 2025, starting at $213.25 and reaching $541.55 by the end of the period. There are periods of volatility and corrections; notably, the price declines between December 2021 ($288.49) and September 2022 ($250.66). Subsequent quarters demonstrate recovery and strong growth, especially from December 2022 onward, with notable peaks in mid-2024 and mid-2025.
- Book Value Per Share (BVPS)
- The book value per share shows a consistent and steady increase throughout the timeframe, rising from $16.32 in September 2020 to $48.85 in September 2025. This steady increment suggests strong growth in the company's net asset base, reflecting retained earnings or asset revaluation.
- Price-to-Book Value Ratio (P/BV)
- The P/BV ratio experiences notable fluctuations. Initially, it rises from 13.07 in September 2020 to a peak of 15.32 by September 2021, indicating increasing investor confidence and valuation premiums relative to the book value. Following this peak, a marked decline occurs, reaching a trough of 9.13 in March 2025. This decline in P/BV suggests that the share price growth became less pronounced relative to the book value increase, potentially signaling market reassessment of valuation or a shift in investor sentiment. Toward the latest quarters, the ratio recovers slightly, stabilizing around 11.09 by September 2025.
Overall, the data suggests that while the underlying net asset value per share rose consistently, the market valuation relative to book value experienced variability, reflecting changing investor perceptions and market conditions. The share price growth aligns broadly with book value increases, but periodic valuation adjustments highlight moments of market reevaluation.