Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

The balance sheet provides creditors, investors, and analysts with information on company resources (assets) and its sources of capital (its equity and liabilities). It normally also provides information about the future earnings capacity of a company assets as well as an indication of cash flows that may come from receivables and inventories.

Liabilities represents obligations of a company arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits from the entity.

International Business Machines Corp., consolidated balance sheet: liabilities and stockholders’ equity (quarterly data)

US$ in millions

	Sep 30, 2025	Jun 30, 2025	Mar 31, 2025	Dec 31, 2024	Sep 30, 2024	Jun 30, 2024	Mar 31, 2024	Dec 31, 2023	Sep 30, 2023	Jun 30, 2023	Mar 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Sep 30, 2022	Jun 30, 2022	Mar 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Sep 30, 2021	Jun 30, 2021	Mar 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020
Taxes	1,663)	1,681)	1,573)	2,033)	1,584)	1,691)	1,710)	2,270)	1,559)	1,606)	1,650)	2,196)	1,667)	1,742)	1,798)	2,289)	2,159)	2,260)	2,640)	3,301)	2,375)	2,627)	2,348)
Short-term debt	7,942)	8,945)	6,913)	5,089)	3,599)	3,602)	5,471)	6,426)	6,414)	6,785)	4,887)	4,760)	5,937)	5,981)	7,690)	6,787)	7,575)	6,442)	5,198)	7,183)	10,285)	9,289)	11,642)
Accounts payable	3,867)	3,974)	3,585)	4,032)	3,274)	3,631)	3,588)	4,132)	3,342)	3,732)	3,728)	4,051)	3,806)	3,707)	3,453)	3,955)	4,248)	4,214)	4,140)	4,908)	3,985)	4,719)	4,172)
Compensation and benefits	3,508)	3,353)	3,653)	3,605)	3,250)	3,125)	3,190)	3,501)	3,257)	3,185)	2,772)	3,481)	3,369)	3,327)	2,937)	3,204)	3,780)	3,846)	3,256)	3,440)	3,602)	3,486)	3,029)
Deferred income	13,878)	15,022)	15,057)	13,907)	12,882)	13,643)	14,051)	13,451)	11,917)	12,712)	13,220)	12,032)	11,139)	12,522)	13,526)	12,518)	12,264)	13,272)	14,197)	12,833)	11,681)	12,469)	13,377)
Current operating lease liabilities	807)	820)	798)	768)	790)	762)	784)	820)	807)	842)	869)	874)	844)	884)	954)	974)	1,285)	1,334)	1,337)	1,357)	1,336)	1,343)	1,327)
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	3,477)	3,931)	3,527)	3,708)	3,474)	3,194)	3,603)	3,522)	3,310)	3,651)	3,867)	4,111)	3,704)	3,681)	3,698)	3,892)	4,521)	5,248)	5,774)	6,847)	4,729)	4,509)	4,778)
Current liabilities	35,142)	37,726)	35,106)	33,142)	28,853)	29,648)	32,397)	34,122)	30,606)	32,513)	30,993)	31,505)	30,466)	31,844)	34,056)	33,619)	35,832)	36,616)	36,542)	39,869)	37,993)	38,442)	40,673)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	55,174)	55,219)	56,371)	49,884)	52,980)	52,929)	54,033)	50,121)	48,828)	50,691)	53,826)	46,189)	44,942)	44,328)	46,545)	44,917)	46,926)	48,735)	51,206)	54,355)	55,129)	55,449)	52,685)
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations	9,735)	9,882)	9,536)	9,432)	10,366)	10,200)	10,421)	10,808)	9,090)	9,385)	9,509)	9,596)	11,760)	13,118)	13,937)	14,435)	16,764)	17,265)	17,346)	18,248)	16,732)	16,483)	16,474)
Deferred income	3,863)	3,913)	3,844)	3,622)	3,666)	3,489)	3,488)	3,533)	3,085)	3,264)	3,443)	3,499)	3,018)	3,069)	3,423)	3,577)	3,965)	4,113)	4,153)	4,301)	3,820)	3,787)	3,769)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	2,646)	2,735)	2,753)	2,655)	2,757)	2,546)	2,583)	2,568)	2,476)	1,986)	2,094)	2,190)	2,103)	2,182)	2,358)	2,462)	3,192)	3,278)	3,379)	3,574)	3,635)	3,684)	3,799)
Other liabilities	11,762)	11,523)	11,104)	11,048)	11,187)	10,933)	10,914)	11,476)	12,080)	12,103)	12,099)	12,243)	13,414)	13,485)	13,843)	13,995)	15,179)	14,740)	14,490)	14,897)	15,485)	15,667)	15,875)
Noncurrent liabilities	83,180)	83,272)	83,608)	76,641)	80,956)	80,097)	81,439)	78,506)	75,559)	77,429)	80,971)	73,717)	75,237)	76,182)	80,106)	79,386)	86,026)	88,131)	90,574)	95,375)	94,801)	95,070)	92,602)
Total liabilities	118,322)	120,998)	118,714)	109,783)	109,809)	109,745)	113,836)	112,628)	106,165)	109,942)	111,964)	105,222)	105,703)	108,026)	114,162)	113,005)	121,858)	124,747)	127,116)	135,244)	132,794)	133,512)	133,275)
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital	62,819)	62,392)	61,913)	61,380)	61,013)	60,501)	60,145)	59,643)	59,313)	58,963)	58,675)	58,343)	58,117)	57,802)	57,603)	57,319)	57,189)	56,912)	56,788)	56,556)	56,366)	56,135)	56,092)
Retained earnings	151,581)	151,367)	150,703)	151,163)	149,789)	151,659)	151,362)	151,275)	149,506)	149,318)	149,253)	149,825)	148,611)	153,298)	153,401)	154,209)	161,747)	162,086)	162,218)	162,717)	162,806)	162,559)	162,626)
Treasury stock, at cost	(170,512)	(170,209)	(170,161)	(169,967)	(169,936)	(169,815)	(169,758)	(169,624)	(169,640)	(169,581)	(169,544)	(169,484)	(169,514)	(169,522)	(169,422)	(169,393)	(169,406)	(169,404)	(169,360)	(169,339)	(169,380)	(169,386)	(169,436)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(15,983)	(16,041)	(15,575)	(15,269)	(16,418)	(18,319)	(18,488)	(18,761)	(16,098)	(16,499)	(16,780)	(16,740)	(17,138)	(22,169)	(22,532)	(23,234)	(27,302)	(27,652)	(28,257)	(29,337)	(28,584)	(28,757)	(29,283)
Total IBM stockholders’ equity	27,905)	27,509)	26,880)	27,307)	24,448)	24,026)	23,261)	22,533)	23,081)	22,201)	21,604)	21,944)	20,076)	19,409)	19,050)	18,901)	22,228)	21,942)	21,389)	20,597)	21,208)	20,551)	19,999)
Noncontrolling interests	85)	79)	73)	86)	82)	77)	72)	80)	75)	70)	68)	77)	71)	67)	62)	95)	129)	125)	124)	130)	126)	137)	129)
Total equity	27,990)	27,588)	26,953)	27,393)	24,530)	24,103)	23,333)	22,613)	23,156)	22,271)	21,672)	22,021)	20,147)	19,476)	19,112)	18,996)	22,357)	22,067)	21,513)	20,727)	21,334)	20,688)	20,128)
Total liabilities and equity	146,312)	148,586)	145,667)	137,176)	134,339)	133,848)	137,169)	135,241)	129,321)	132,213)	133,636)	127,243)	125,850)	127,502)	133,274)	132,001)	144,215)	146,814)	148,629)	155,971)	154,128)	154,200)	153,403)

Taxes: Tax expenses demonstrated moderate volatility over the examined periods. After peaking at the end of 2020, taxes generally declined through 2022 and early 2023, followed by intermittent increases. This pattern evidences fluctuating profitability or adjustments in tax rates and favorabilities.
Short-term debt: Short-term debt fluctuated significantly, with a generally downward trend from 2020 through 2022, reaching a low in late 2022. From 2023 onwards, it increased notably, peaking in mid-2025. These movements suggest changing liquidity management strategies and potentially increased reliance on short-term financing in recent periods.
Accounts payable: Accounts payable showed a stable but declining trend from 2020 through early 2023, followed by slight recovery and subsequent minor fluctuations. This indicates somewhat moderated supplier credit usage or payment cycles over time.
Compensation and benefits: Compensation and benefits expenses exhibited some volatility but remained within a relatively narrow range. After a decrease in early 2023, there was a notable increase toward mid-2025, potentially reflecting wage inflation, increased workforce, or other employee-related cost factors.
Deferred income: Deferred income, an important liability reflecting advance payments and unearned revenue, declined steadily from 2020 through 2022, then generally increased from 2022 into 2025. This pattern suggests a resurgence or stabilization of the company's prepayment inflows or deferred revenue streams.
Operating lease liabilities (current and noncurrent): Both current and noncurrent operating lease liabilities exhibited a gradual decline in the early years, followed by a slight rebound from 2022 onward. The fall may indicate lease expirations, buyouts, or restructurings, while the later increase could denote new leasing commitments.
Other accrued expenses and liabilities: These liabilities saw a peak at the end of 2020, followed by a downward trend with mild volatility. The pattern suggests episodic accruals possibly linked to specific events or operational cycles but generally trending lower in recent periods.
Current liabilities: Current liabilities decreased overall from 2020 to 2022, with some fluctuations, followed by a rise back near prior levels into 2025. This indicates management of short-term obligations with phases of reduction and renewed increases, potentially tied to operational or financing activities.
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities: Long-term debt decreased steadily from 2020 to 2021, followed by moderate fluctuations and a marked rise by the end of the examined period. This suggests an initial focus on debt reduction transitioning into increased borrowing or refinancing activities later.
Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations: A gradual decline in these obligations was evident from 2021 through early 2023, interrupted by modest increases and stabilization. This trend may reflect actuarial adjustments, benefit plan changes, or funding strategies.
Other liabilities and Noncurrent liabilities: Other liabilities decreased moderately over most of the period, with slight rebounds toward the end. Overall noncurrent liabilities showed a decreasing trend until 2022, then a rise and stabilization, indicating changes in long-term obligations and possibly reflecting refinancing or new commitments.
Total liabilities: Total liabilities peaked in late 2020 and then declined significantly up to 2022, with a gradual recovery and volatility afterward. This reflects a broad trend of liability management, including reductions followed by renewed increases, impacting financial leverage.
Common stock and additional paid-in capital: Common stock and paid-in capital steadily increased throughout the period, showing consistent capital contributions or equity-based transactions, reflecting shareholder investments or equity issuance strategies.
Retained earnings: Retained earnings remained relatively stable, with minor declines around 2021-2022, followed by gradual recovery toward 2025. This indicates consistent profitability retention, affected by distributions or net income fluctuations.
Treasury stock: Treasury stock consistently increased in absolute terms (more negative), denoting ongoing share repurchase activities throughout the period, which could reflect a strategy to return capital to shareholders or support share price.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: The accumulated other comprehensive loss showed improvement from 2020 to 2023 but increased marginally thereafter. This suggests fluctuations in items such as foreign currency translation adjustments, pension liabilities, or unrealized investments impacting equity.
Total stockholders’ equity and Total equity: Stockholders’ equity experienced a reduction in late 2021, followed by a recovery and steady growth through 2025. This likely reflects the combined effects of retained earnings, treasury stock activities, comprehensive income changes, and issued capital. The increase in total equity points to a strengthening balance sheet position in recent years.
Total liabilities and equity: Total capitalization remained relatively steady with slight fluctuations, reflecting consistent asset financing through a combination of liabilities and equity. The balance between liabilities and equity shifted over time, with a recent trend toward higher equity proportions.

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International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE:IBM)

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ EquityQuarterly Data

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data