Accounting Policy on Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Salesforce uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

Salesforce’s tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. Salesforce recognizes the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority, solely based on its technical merits. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit which is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. Salesforce recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision.

Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gain) within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law. Salesforce regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. Salesforce’s judgments regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute its business plans. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08).

salesforce.com inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

	12 months ended	Jan 31, 2019		Jan 31, 2018		Jan 31, 2017		Jan 31, 2016		Jan 31, 2015		Jan 31, 2014
	Federal
	State
	Foreign
	Current
	Federal
	State
	Foreign
	Deferred
	Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

Item	Description	The company
Current	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.	salesforce.com inc.’s current increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Deferred	Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.	salesforce.com inc.’s deferred increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019.
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	salesforce.com inc.’s provision for (benefit from) income taxes increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly decreased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.

salesforce.com inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	U.S. federal statutory tax rate
	Effective tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

Item	Description	The company
Effective tax rate	Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	salesforce.com inc.’s effective tax rate increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly decreased from 2018 to 2019.

salesforce.com inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

		Jan 31, 2019		Jan 31, 2018		Jan 31, 2017		Jan 31, 2016		Jan 31, 2015		Jan 31, 2014
	Net operating loss carryforwards
	Deferred stock-based expense
	Tax credits
	Deferred rent expense
	Accrued liabilities
	Deferred revenue
	Basis difference on strategic and other investments
	Financing obligation
	Deferred cost sharing adjustment
	Non-cash equity liability
	Other
	Deferred tax assets
	Valuation allowance
	Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
	Deferred commissions
	Purchased intangibles
	Depreciation and amortization
	Basis difference on strategic and other investments
	Deferred revenue
	Other
	Deferred tax liabilities
	Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

Item	Description	The company
Deferred tax assets	Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	salesforce.com inc.’s deferred tax assets decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	salesforce.com inc.’s deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.	salesforce.com inc.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

salesforce.com inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	Current deferred tax assets
	Noncurrent deferred tax assets
	Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

Item	Description	The company
Noncurrent deferred tax assets	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	salesforce.com inc.’s noncurrent deferred tax assets increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities	Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	salesforce.com inc.’s noncurrent deferred tax liabilities increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019.

salesforce.com inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Liabilities
	Total liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
	Total liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Stockholders’ Equity
	Stockholders’ equity (as reported)
	Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
	Stockholders’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income (loss)
	Net income (loss) (as reported)
	Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
	Net income (loss) (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

salesforce.com inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

salesforce.com inc., adjusted financial ratios

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio
	Adjusted current ratio
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin
	Adjusted net profit margin
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover
	Adjusted total asset turnover
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage
	Adjusted financial leverage
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE
	Adjusted ROE
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA
	Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

salesforce.com inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Liquidity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income (loss)
	Revenues
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income (loss)
	Revenues
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income (loss) ÷ Revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) ÷ Revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Revenues
	Total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Revenues
	Adjusted total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Stockholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted stockholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income (loss)
	Stockholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income (loss)
	Adjusted stockholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income (loss) ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jan 31, 2019	Jan 31, 2018	Jan 31, 2017	Jan 31, 2016	Jan 31, 2015	Jan 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income (loss)
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income (loss)
	Adjusted total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-03-06), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-05).

2019 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income (loss) ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	salesforce.com inc.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

	salesforce.com inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

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Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

salesforce.com inc. (CRM)

Analysis of Income Taxes

Accounting Policy on Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

salesforce.com inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

salesforce.com inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)