Market Value Added (MVA)
Market value added (MVA) is the difference between a firm fair value and its invested capital. MVA is a measure of the value a company has created in excess of the resources already committed to the enterprise.
MVA
Oracle Corp., MVA calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31).
1 Fair value of debt. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
The financial trajectory from 2021 to 2026 exhibits a period of substantial expansion in shareholder wealth creation, characterized by a significant widening of the gap between market valuation and invested capital until 2025, followed by a contraction in 2026.
- Market Value Performance
- A volatile but generally upward trajectory is observed in market valuation. Following a decline in 2022 to 251,066 million US$, the value experienced rapid growth, peaking at 692,378 million US$ in 2025. This represents a peak valuation increase of approximately 134% from the 2022 trough. A slight correction occurred in 2026, with the value receding to 662,940 million US$.
- Invested Capital Trends
- Invested capital remained relatively stable between 2021 and 2024, fluctuating within a range of 77,262 million US$ to 101,930 million US$. A significant shift is evident in 2026, where invested capital rose sharply to 176,661 million US$, marking a 53% increase over the previous year. This indicates a substantial increase in the capital base during the final period of the analysis.
- Market Value Added (MVA) Dynamics
- The MVA closely mirrored the market value trend, reflecting the capacity to generate value exceeding the invested capital. MVA grew from a low of 173,804 million US$ in 2022 to a peak of 576,955 million US$ in 2025. The subsequent decline to 486,279 million US$ in 2026 is the result of a dual impact: a decrease in total market value coupled with a sharp rise in invested capital, which led to a compression of the value-added margin.
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MVA Spread Ratio
Oracle Corp., MVA spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| May 31, 2026 | May 31, 2025 | May 31, 2024 | May 31, 2023 | May 31, 2022 | May 31, 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Market value added (MVA)1 | 486,279) | 576,955) | 377,384) | 318,370) | 173,804) | 212,756) | |
| Invested capital2 | 176,661) | 115,423) | 101,930) | 98,251) | 77,262) | 81,745) | |
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| MVA spread ratio3 | 275.26% | 499.86% | 370.24% | 324.04% | 224.95% | 260.27% | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| MVA Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 250.34% | 524.20% | 487.90% | 442.58% | 739.74% | |
| Adobe Inc. | — | 486.78% | 642.58% | 991.60% | 658.07% | 1,033.13% | |
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 2,428.40% | 2,384.14% | 420.90% | 60.64% | 260.37% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 933.78% | 910.94% | 1,934.83% | 1,302.22% | 1,110.87% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 1,013.22% | 915.68% | 1,264.87% | 608.44% | 1,273.99% | 1,618.25% | |
| Datadog Inc. | — | 1,726.83% | 1,526.17% | 2,743.24% | 1,772.59% | 5,219.74% | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 121.48% | 162.99% | 100.96% | 60.62% | 55.46% | |
| Intuit Inc. | — | 680.73% | 624.57% | 573.60% | 406.80% | 1,175.12% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 417.48% | 794.99% | 803.69% | 892.49% | 956.02% | 1,383.21% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 12,935.07% | 11,445.95% | 3,878.69% | 488.89% | 829.78% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 878.49% | 894.07% | 731.80% | 559.30% | 573.51% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 98.66% | 233.77% | 256.86% | 127.88% | 150.31% | 270.75% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 622.99% | 1,951.86% | 1,781.96% | 1,276.86% | 1,798.18% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | — | 129.53% | 645.36% | 973.25% | 565.55% | 707.79% | |
| Workday Inc. | 218.32% | 550.99% | 677.38% | 471.48% | 655.74% | 908.31% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31).
1 MVA. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2026 Calculation
MVA spread ratio = 100 × MVA ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 486,279 ÷ 176,661 = 275.26%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial trajectory from May 31, 2021, to May 31, 2026, is characterized by a period of aggressive value creation that peaked in 2025, followed by a notable correction in the final year. While market value added experienced substantial growth for the majority of the period, the efficiency of this value creation relative to the capital employed showed significant volatility.
- Market Value Added (MVA)
- An initial decline is observed between 2021 and 2022, where MVA decreased from 212,756 million to 173,804 million. This was followed by a strong recovery and sustained growth phase, with values ascending to 318,370 million in 2023, 377,384 million in 2024, and reaching a peak of 576,955 million in 2025. However, a reversal occurred by May 31, 2026, as the figure contracted to 486,279 million.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital remained relatively stable between 2021 and 2022, dipping slightly from 81,745 million to 77,262 million. From 2023 through 2025, a steady upward trend is evident, with capital increasing to 115,423 million. A significant surge is noted in the final year, with invested capital rising sharply to 176,661 million by May 31, 2026, representing a substantial expansion of the capital base.
- MVA Spread Ratio
- The MVA spread ratio reflects a mirrors the volatility of the market value added, amplified by changes in the capital base. After a dip to 224.95% in 2022, the ratio climbed steadily, reaching a peak of 499.86% in 2025, indicating a high level of value creation per unit of invested capital. By May 31, 2026, the ratio experienced a sharp decline to 275.26%. This contraction is the result of a simultaneous decrease in absolute MVA and a significant increase in invested capital, suggesting a reduction in the efficiency of capital utilization for value generation in the final period.
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MVA Margin
Oracle Corp., MVA margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| May 31, 2026 | May 31, 2025 | May 31, 2024 | May 31, 2023 | May 31, 2022 | May 31, 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Market value added (MVA)1 | 486,279) | 576,955) | 377,384) | 318,370) | 173,804) | 212,756) | |
| Revenues | 67,357) | 57,399) | 52,961) | 49,954) | 42,440) | 40,479) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues | 4,662) | 187) | 608) | 828) | (344) | 855) | |
| Adjusted revenues | 72,019) | 57,586) | 53,569) | 50,782) | 42,096) | 41,334) | |
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| MVA margin2 | 675.21% | 1,001.90% | 704.48% | 626.94% | 412.88% | 514.72% | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| MVA Margin, Competitors3 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | — | 160.73% | 297.40% | 251.01% | 213.17% | 379.26% | |
| Adobe Inc. | — | 440.42% | 727.86% | 1,241.42% | 766.46% | 1,287.44% | |
| AppLovin Corp. | — | 2,496.08% | 2,302.25% | 576.21% | 113.54% | 521.30% | |
| Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | 1,400.60% | 1,395.62% | 1,927.61% | 1,299.21% | 1,128.47% | |
| CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 1,698.43% | 1,506.45% | 1,984.37% | 816.60% | 1,995.49% | 3,362.41% | |
| Datadog Inc. | — | 1,024.58% | 1,385.47% | 1,715.05% | 1,226.04% | 4,145.45% | |
| International Business Machines Corp. | — | 215.75% | 288.07% | 179.79% | 105.00% | 105.45% | |
| Intuit Inc. | — | 879.56% | 959.77% | 939.31% | 782.89% | 1,489.94% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 701.12% | 1,185.40% | 1,123.50% | 1,016.40% | 916.17% | 1,148.11% | |
| Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | 6,700.73% | 9,929.53% | 2,081.46% | 820.15% | 1,366.76% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 1,041.05% | 949.23% | 726.58% | 651.61% | 771.73% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 211.24% | 504.75% | 593.57% | 323.34% | 417.33% | 620.94% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | — | 687.15% | 1,605.68% | 1,433.58% | 1,026.11% | 1,555.49% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | — | 755.81% | 1,081.63% | 1,373.41% | 796.87% | 1,126.17% | |
| Workday Inc. | 262.54% | 585.42% | 754.19% | 578.30% | 888.92% | 1,185.07% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31).
1 MVA. See details »
2 2026 Calculation
MVA margin = 100 × MVA ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × 486,279 ÷ 72,019 = 675.21%
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial performance between May 31, 2021, and May 31, 2026, is characterized by a strong upward trajectory in both market valuation and operational scale, peaking in 2025 before experiencing a correction in market value added during the final year.
- Market Value Added (MVA)
- MVA exhibited significant growth over the period, rising from 212,756 million in 2021 to a peak of 576,955 million in 2025. While a temporary decline was observed in 2022, where value dropped to 173,804 million, a strong recovery followed. By May 31, 2026, MVA decreased to 486,279 million, indicating a reduction in the premium the market assigned to the company relative to its capital investment.
- Adjusted Revenues
- A consistent and linear growth pattern is evident in adjusted revenues. From a baseline of 41,334 million in 2021, revenues increased every year, reaching 72,019 million by May 31, 2026. This indicates a sustained expansion of the company's top-line operational capacity throughout the entire six-year window.
- MVA Margin
- The MVA margin showed high volatility, reflecting shifts in market sentiment relative to revenue growth. The margin declined from 514.72% in 2021 to 412.88% in 2022, before entering a period of rapid escalation that peaked at 1,001.90% in 2025. In the final year, the margin fell sharply to 675.21%. This contraction is significant because it occurred while adjusted revenues reached their highest point, suggesting that the market's valuation of the company's future growth prospects decelerated more quickly than its actual revenue growth.
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