Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

KLA Corp. (NASDAQ:KLAC)

Economic Value Added (EVA)

Microsoft Excel

Economic Profit

KLA Corp., economic profit calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 5,068,432 3,852,307 3,284,868 3,464,285 3,432,493 2,157,964
Cost of capital2 21.67% 21.25% 20.91% 20.62% 20.09% 20.76%
Invested capital3 10,301,582 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696
 
Economic profit4 2,835,692 1,888,001 1,427,832 1,706,441 1,810,344 741,771

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cost of capital. See details »

3 Invested capital. See details »

4 2026 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= 5,068,432 – 21.67% × 10,301,582 = 2,835,692


The analysis of economic value added from 2021 to 2026 reveals a consistent ability to generate economic profit, indicating that the organization successfully earns returns in excess of its cost of capital. Despite periodic fluctuations in operating performance, the overall trajectory shows significant expansion in value creation for shareholders.

Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
NOPAT exhibits a strong upward trend, growing from 2,157,964 thousand USD in 2021 to 5,068,432 thousand USD by 2026. A period of relative stagnation and a slight decline is observed between 2023 and 2024, where profit dipped to 3,284,868 thousand USD, before recovering sharply in the subsequent two years. This suggests a volatile but generally expanding operational profitability base.
Invested Capital and Cost of Capital
Invested capital has increased steadily each year, rising from 6,820,696 thousand USD in 2021 to 10,301,582 thousand USD in 2026. Concurrently, the cost of capital has remained elevated and relatively stable, fluctuating within a narrow band between 20.09% and 21.67%. The gradual increase in the cost of capital toward the end of the period places a higher hurdle on new investments to remain value-accretive.
Economic Profit Trends
Economic profit demonstrates substantial growth over the six-year period, starting at 741,771 thousand USD in 2021 and reaching 2,835,692 thousand USD by 2026. A notable peak occurred in 2022, followed by a two-year contraction phase where economic profit declined to 1,427,832 thousand USD in 2024. This decline was driven by the combination of stagnant NOPAT and a growing capital base. However, a robust recovery is evident in 2025 and 2026, where economic profit accelerated, suggesting that the growth in operating profit has significantly outpaced the cost of the additional capital employed.

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Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)

KLA Corp., NOPAT calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Net income attributable to KLA 4,830,771 4,061,643 2,761,896 3,387,277 3,321,807 2,078,292
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1 87,017 (244,806) (138,878) (355,153) (353,780) (45,622)
Increase (decrease) in allowance for credit losses2 (2,985) 1,233 (850) 13,001 2,595 6,214
Increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue3 61,450 (68,553) 537,235 237,683 339,621 1,648
Increase (decrease) in equity equivalents4 145,482 (312,126) 397,507 (104,469) (11,564) (37,760)
Interest expense 284,440 302,166 311,253 296,940 160,339 157,328
Interest expense, operating lease liability5 9,885 8,283 8,149 5,793 2,476 1,690
Adjusted interest expense 294,325 310,449 319,402 302,733 162,815 159,018
Tax benefit of interest expense6 (61,808) (65,194) (67,074) (63,574) (34,191) (33,394)
Adjusted interest expense, after taxes7 232,517 245,255 252,327 239,159 128,624 125,624
(Gain) loss on marketable securities (587) (59) 103 986 306 (253)
Interest income (177,055) (180,276) (160,688) (74,095) (8,695) (8,929)
Investment income, before taxes (177,642) (180,335) (160,585) (73,109) (8,389) (9,182)
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income8 37,305 37,870 33,723 15,353 1,762 1,928
Investment income, after taxes9 (140,337) (142,465) (126,862) (57,756) (6,627) (7,254)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 74 253 (939)
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) 5,068,432 3,852,307 3,284,868 3,464,285 3,432,493 2,157,964

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »

2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowance for credit losses.

3 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue.

4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income attributable to KLA.

5 2026 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= 264,298 × 3.74% = 9,885

6 2026 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= 294,325 × 21.00% = 61,808

7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income attributable to KLA.

8 2026 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= 177,642 × 21.00% = 37,305

9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.


An analysis of the financial performance from June 30, 2021, to June 30, 2026, reveals a general upward trajectory in both Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) and net income, despite a period of volatility between 2023 and 2024.

NOPAT Growth Trends
A substantial increase in NOPAT is observed between 2021 and 2022, rising from US$ 2,157,964 thousand to US$ 3,432,493 thousand. This growth plateaued in 2023 with a marginal increase to US$ 3,464,285 thousand, followed by a slight contraction in 2024 to US$ 3,284,868 thousand. A strong recovery is projected for the subsequent period, with NOPAT expected to reach US$ 3,852,307 thousand by June 2025 and US$ 5,068,432 thousand by June 2026.
Comparative Analysis of NOPAT and Net Income
For the majority of the observed period, NOPAT remains higher than the net income attributable to the company, indicating that operating performance is the primary driver of value. However, a notable divergence occurs in 2024, where the gap between NOPAT and net income widens significantly, with NOPAT exceeding net income by approximately US$ 522,972 thousand. By 2025, a reversal is observed where net income is projected to exceed NOPAT, suggesting a potential increase in non-operating income or a reduction in non-operating expenses during that fiscal year.
Profitability Forecast and Momentum
The projections for 2025 and 2026 indicate an acceleration in profitability. The anticipated increase in NOPAT to over US$ 5 billion by 2026 represents a significant expansion compared to the 2021 baseline. This upward momentum suggests an expected improvement in operational efficiency or an increase in market demand for the company's core offerings, which is expected to drive higher economic value added in the long term.

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Cash Operating Taxes

KLA Corp., cash operating taxes calculation

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
12 months ended: Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Provision for income taxes 775,154 582,805 428,136 401,839 167,177 283,101
Less: Deferred income tax expense (benefit) 87,017 (244,806) (138,878) (355,153) (353,780) (45,622)
Add: Tax savings from interest expense 61,808 65,194 67,074 63,574 34,191 33,394
Less: Tax imposed on investment income 37,305 37,870 33,723 15,353 1,762 1,928
Cash operating taxes 712,640 854,935 600,366 805,213 553,387 360,189

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).


The analysis of tax-related expenditures reveals a divergent relationship between accounting provisions and actual cash outflows over the period from June 2021 to June 2026. While the provision for income taxes follows a generally ascending trajectory after an initial decline, cash operating taxes exhibit significant volatility with alternating periods of growth and contraction.

Provision for Income Taxes Trend
An initial reduction in the provision for income taxes is observed between June 2021 and June 2022, where values decreased from 283,101 to 167,177 thousand dollars. Following this trough, a consistent upward trend is evident, with the provision increasing steadily each year to reach a peak of 775,154 thousand dollars by June 2026. This represents a substantial long-term increase in the forecasted tax obligations.
Cash Operating Taxes Volatility
Cash operating taxes demonstrate a less linear progression compared to tax provisions. A period of rapid growth occurred between 2021 and 2023, with expenditures rising from 360,189 to 805,213 thousand dollars. However, this was followed by a sharp decline in 2024 to 600,366 thousand dollars, a subsequent peak in 2025 at 854,935 thousand dollars, and a final decrease to 712,640 thousand dollars in 2026.
Comparative Analysis of Tax Outflows
For the majority of the analyzed period, cash operating taxes consistently exceeded the provision for income taxes, indicating that actual cash tax payments were higher than the accounting expense recognized in the income statement. This gap was most pronounced in June 2023, where cash taxes were approximately double the provision. However, a convergence is observed by June 2026, where the provision for income taxes (775,154 thousand dollars) surpasses the cash operating taxes (712,640 thousand dollars) for the first time in the series.

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Invested Capital

KLA Corp., invested capital calculation (financing approach)

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Short-term debt 20,000
Current portion of long-term debt 749,936
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 5,887,415 5,884,257 5,880,199 5,890,736 6,660,718 3,422,767
Operating lease liability1 264,298 204,025 189,508 172,396 113,587 103,061
Total reported debt & leases 6,151,713 6,088,282 6,819,643 6,063,132 6,774,305 3,545,828
Total KLA stockholders’ equity 6,349,820 4,692,453 3,368,328 2,919,753 1,401,351 3,377,554
Net deferred tax (assets) liabilities2 (563,576) (658,825) (428,599) (287,654) 79,764 380,162
Allowance for credit losses3 31,030 34,015 32,782 33,632 20,631 18,036
Deferred system and service revenue4 1,775,139 1,713,689 1,782,242 1,245,007 1,007,324 667,703
Equity equivalents5 1,242,593 1,088,879 1,386,425 990,985 1,107,719 1,065,901
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax6 34,453 (1,201) 49,075 36,341 27,471 75,557
Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries (2,261) (1,912)
Adjusted total KLA stockholders’ equity 7,626,866 5,780,131 4,803,828 3,947,079 2,534,280 4,517,100
Construction-in-process7 (224,431) (207,807) (215,006) (168,817) (110,079) (182,320)
Marketable securities8 (3,252,566) (2,415,715) (2,526,866) (1,315,294) (1,123,100) (1,059,912)
Invested capital 10,301,582 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.

2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »

3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.

4 Addition of deferred system and service revenue.

5 Addition of equity equivalents to total KLA stockholders’ equity.

6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.

7 Subtraction of construction-in-process.

8 Subtraction of marketable securities.


Invested capital exhibits a consistent upward trajectory over the six-year period, increasing from 6.82 billion USD in June 2021 to a projected 10.30 billion USD by June 2026. This steady expansion indicates a progressive increase in the total capital employed to support operations and growth objectives.

Invested Capital Trends
The total invested capital grew by approximately 51% between 2021 and 2026. The most significant year-over-year increase occurred between 2021 and 2022, followed by a period of moderate annual growth and a projected acceleration in the final year of the sequence.
Debt and Lease Obligations
Total reported debt and leases demonstrated significant volatility. A sharp increase was observed in 2022, where obligations rose from 3.55 billion USD to 6.77 billion USD. Subsequent years showed fluctuations, with a secondary peak in 2024 at 6.82 billion USD, before projecting a stabilization near 6.15 billion USD by 2026.
Stockholders' Equity Analysis
Stockholders' equity experienced a substantial contraction in 2022, falling from 3.38 billion USD to 1.40 billion USD. This was followed by a sustained recovery, with equity returning to 2021 levels by June 2024. Projections indicate a strong growth phase thereafter, reaching 6.35 billion USD by June 2026.
Capital Structure Evolution
The drivers of invested capital shifted markedly over the period. In 2022, the expansion of the capital base was driven almost exclusively by increased debt, which offset the decline in equity. By contrast, the growth projected for 2025 and 2026 is primarily fueled by the expansion of stockholders' equity, signaling a transition toward a more equity-funded capital structure.

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Cost of Capital

KLA Corp., cost of capital calculations

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 252,450,969 252,450,969 ÷ 258,195,267 = 0.98 0.98 × 22.08% = 21.59%
Debt3 5,480,000 5,480,000 ÷ 258,195,267 = 0.02 0.02 × 4.67% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.08%
Operating lease liability4 264,298 264,298 ÷ 258,195,267 = 0.00 0.00 × 3.74% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 258,195,267 1.00 21.67%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 120,718,261 120,718,261 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.95 0.95 × 22.08% = 21.08%
Debt3 5,540,000 5,540,000 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.04 0.04 × 4.67% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.16%
Operating lease liability4 204,025 204,025 ÷ 126,462,286 = 0.00 0.00 × 4.06% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 126,462,286 1.00 21.25%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 94,568,003 94,568,003 ÷ 101,017,511 = 0.94 0.94 × 22.08% = 20.67%
Debt3 6,260,000 6,260,000 ÷ 101,017,511 = 0.06 0.06 × 4.67% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.23%
Operating lease liability4 189,508 189,508 ÷ 101,017,511 = 0.00 0.00 × 4.30% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 101,017,511 1.00 20.91%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 67,881,517 67,881,517 ÷ 73,743,913 = 0.92 0.92 × 22.08% = 20.33%
Debt3 5,690,000 5,690,000 ÷ 73,743,913 = 0.08 0.08 × 4.64% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.28%
Operating lease liability4 172,396 172,396 ÷ 73,743,913 = 0.00 0.00 × 3.36% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.01%
Total: 73,743,913 1.00 20.62%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 56,111,754 56,111,754 ÷ 62,890,341 = 0.89 0.89 × 22.08% = 19.70%
Debt3 6,665,000 6,665,000 ÷ 62,890,341 = 0.11 0.11 × 4.55% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.38%
Operating lease liability4 113,587 113,587 ÷ 62,890,341 = 0.00 0.00 × 2.18% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 62,890,341 1.00 20.09%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 53,977,311 53,977,311 ÷ 58,080,372 = 0.93 0.93 × 22.08% = 20.52%
Debt3 4,000,000 4,000,000 ÷ 58,080,372 = 0.07 0.07 × 4.36% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.24%
Operating lease liability4 103,061 103,061 ÷ 58,080,372 = 0.00 0.00 × 1.64% × (1 – 21.00%) = 0.00%
Total: 58,080,372 1.00 20.76%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 US$ in thousands

2 Equity. See details »

3 Debt. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »


Economic Spread Ratio

KLA Corp., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Economic profit1 2,835,692 1,888,001 1,427,832 1,706,441 1,810,344 741,771
Invested capital2 10,301,582 9,244,891 8,881,599 8,526,100 8,075,406 6,820,696
Performance Ratio
Economic spread ratio3 27.53% 20.42% 16.08% 20.01% 22.42% 10.88%
Benchmarks
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4
Advanced Micro Devices Inc. -21.52% -27.79% -29.22% -28.83% 27.74%
Analog Devices Inc. -12.06% -14.18% -10.09% -11.45% -14.69%
Applied Materials Inc. 17.02% 10.13% 13.12% 23.09% 18.58%
Broadcom Inc. -3.00% -10.42% 4.81% 3.56% -5.68%
Intel Corp. -18.76% -30.08% -19.97% -13.18% 3.40%
Lam Research Corp. 11.66% 11.84% -3.28% 2.09% 17.11% 12.45%
Marvell Technology Inc. -8.94% -26.67% -26.71% -22.37% -25.14% -26.87%
Micron Technology Inc. -5.88% -17.78% -29.73% -2.10% -6.71%
NVIDIA Corp. 86.02% 117.11% 61.66% -16.42% 25.78% 6.26%
Qualcomm Inc. 12.40% 7.60% 0.13% 26.57% 23.96%
Texas Instruments Inc. 2.38% 2.70% 12.32% 32.90% 31.53%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 Invested capital. See details »

3 2026 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 2,835,692 ÷ 10,301,582 = 27.53%

4 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The financial trajectory from June 2021 to June 2026 exhibits a general trend of expansion in both absolute value creation and capital deployment, characterized by a period of mid-term volatility followed by accelerated growth.

Economic Profit
A significant increase is observed between 2021 and 2022, with economic profit rising from 741,771 thousand USD to 1,810,344 thousand USD. This growth was followed by a contraction period through 2024, where values declined to 1,427,832 thousand USD. A robust recovery occurs in the subsequent years, resulting in a peak of 2,835,692 thousand USD by June 2026.
Invested Capital
Invested capital demonstrates a consistent and linear upward trend throughout the analyzed period. Beginning at 6,820,696 thousand USD in 2021, the capital base expanded steadily each year, reaching 10,301,582 thousand USD by June 2026. This indicates a sustained increase in the total resources deployed into the business.
Economic Spread Ratio
The economic spread ratio reflects the efficiency of value generation over the cost of capital. Following an initial surge to 22.42% in 2022, the ratio underwent a downward trend, bottoming at 16.08% in 2024. A subsequent reversal is evident, with the ratio climbing to 20.42% in 2025 and achieving its maximum value of 27.53% in 2026.

The correlation between the steady growth in invested capital and the eventual expansion of the economic spread ratio suggests that capital deployments made during the 2021-2024 period reached optimal productivity by 2026. The substantial increase in the spread ratio in the final period indicates a widening margin between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, signaling an acceleration in economic value creation.

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Economic Profit Margin

KLA Corp., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2021
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Economic profit1 2,835,692 1,888,001 1,427,832 1,706,441 1,810,344 741,771
 
Revenues 13,579,476 12,156,162 9,812,247 10,496,056 9,211,883 6,918,734
Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred system and service revenue 61,450 (68,553) 537,235 237,683 339,621 1,648
Adjusted revenues 13,640,926 12,087,609 10,349,482 10,733,739 9,551,504 6,920,382
Performance Ratio
Economic profit margin2 20.79% 15.62% 13.80% 15.90% 18.95% 10.72%
Benchmarks
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3
Advanced Micro Devices Inc. -38.35% -62.75% -74.56% -71.49% 10.46%
Analog Devices Inc. -46.03% -65.46% -36.23% -42.92% -94.41%
Applied Materials Inc. 12.08% 7.05% 8.79% 13.33% 11.85%
Broadcom Inc. -7.05% -28.49% 8.42% 6.66% -13.37%
Intel Corp. -41.39% -52.27% -33.91% -18.54% 3.81%
Lam Research Corp. 9.07% 9.90% -3.33% 1.83% 12.63% 10.04%
Marvell Technology Inc. -20.78% -82.42% -92.37% -75.59% -112.19% -82.48%
Micron Technology Inc. -9.62% -37.77% -102.30% -3.59% -11.22%
NVIDIA Corp. 41.66% 42.41% 31.13% -12.99% 17.28% 4.89%
Qualcomm Inc. 8.76% 6.02% 0.12% 17.70% 14.43%
Texas Instruments Inc. 3.86% 4.51% 15.88% 28.85% 28.21%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-06-30).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 2026 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × 2,835,692 ÷ 13,640,926 = 20.79%

3 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The financial trajectory from June 2021 to June 2026 is characterized by a general upward trend in both absolute economic value and adjusted revenues, despite a period of contraction between 2022 and 2024.

Economic Profit Performance
Economic profit experienced a substantial increase from 741.77 million in 2021 to 1.81 billion in 2022. This growth was followed by a period of decline, with values dropping to 1.71 billion in 2023 and further to 1.43 billion in 2024. A strong recovery phase is evident in the final two years, with economic profit rising to 1.89 billion in 2025 and reaching a peak of 2.84 billion in 2026.
Adjusted Revenue Growth
Adjusted revenues show a consistent long-term expansion, growing from 6.92 billion in 2021 to 13.64 billion by 2026. While the growth was steady through 2023, a slight contraction occurred in 2024, where revenues decreased to 10.35 billion. Growth resumed thereafter, with a notable increase to 12.09 billion in 2025.
Economic Profit Margin Analysis
The economic profit margin exhibits significant volatility, reflecting fluctuations in value creation efficiency. The margin rose sharply from 10.72% in 2021 to 18.95% in 2022. A subsequent downward trend was observed, with the margin falling to 15.90% in 2023 and 13.80% in 2024. A reversal of this trend occurred in 2025, leading to a period high of 20.79% in 2026, suggesting an increase in the efficiency of generating economic profit relative to revenues toward the end of the analyzed period.

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