.Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Difficulty: Beginner
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Current Valuation Ratios
Booking Holdings Inc., current price multiples
| Booking Holdings Inc. | Delta Air Lines Inc. | Marriott International Inc. | McDonald's Corp. | Starbucks Corp. | Travel & Leisure | Consumer Services | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||
| Current share price (P) | $ | ||||||
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | |||||||
| Growth rate (g) | % | ||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS) | $ | ||||||
| Next year expected EPS | $ | ||||||
| Operating profit per share | $ | ||||||
| Sales per share | $ | ||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS) | $ | ||||||
| Ratios (Price Multiples) | |||||||
| Price to earnings (P/E) | |||||||
| Price to next year expected earnings | |||||||
| Price-earnings-growth (PEG) | |||||||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | |||||||
| Price to sales (P/S) | |||||||
| Price to book value (P/BV) | |||||||
If company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Booking Holdings Inc., historical price multiples
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Price to earnings (P/E) | |||||
| | Price to operating profit (P/OP) | |||||
| | Price to sales (P/S) | |||||
| | Price to book value (P/BV) |
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/E ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/OP ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017 not reaching 2015 level. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/S ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company's required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/BV ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Booking Holdings Inc., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||
| | Net income applicable to common stockholders (in thousands) | |||||
| | Earnings per share (EPS)3 | |||||
| Share price1, 2 | ||||||
| Ratio | ||||||
| | P/E ratio4 | |||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors | ||||||
| Delta Air Lines Inc. | ||||||
| Marriott International Inc. | ||||||
| McDonald's Corp. | ||||||
| Starbucks Corp. | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Travel & Leisure | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Services | ||||||
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Booking Holdings Inc.'s Annual Report.
2017 Calculations
3 EPS = Net income applicable to common stockholders ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
4 P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/E ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Booking Holdings Inc., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||
| | Operating income (in thousands) | |||||
| | Operating profit per share3 | |||||
| Share price1, 2 | ||||||
| Ratio | ||||||
| | P/OP ratio4 | |||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors | ||||||
| Delta Air Lines Inc. | ||||||
| Marriott International Inc. | ||||||
| McDonald's Corp. | ||||||
| Starbucks Corp. | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Travel & Leisure | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Services | ||||||
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Booking Holdings Inc.'s Annual Report.
2017 Calculations
3 Operating profit per share = Operating income ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
4 P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/OP ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017 not reaching 2015 level. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Booking Holdings Inc., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||
| | Revenues (in thousands) | |||||
| | Sales per share3 | |||||
| Share price1, 2 | ||||||
| Ratio | ||||||
| | P/S ratio4 | |||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors | ||||||
| Delta Air Lines Inc. | ||||||
| Marriott International Inc. | ||||||
| McDonald's Corp. | ||||||
| Starbucks Corp. | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Travel & Leisure | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Services | ||||||
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Booking Holdings Inc.'s Annual Report.
2017 Calculations
3 Sales per share = Revenues ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
4 P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/S ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Booking Holdings Inc., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||
| | Stockholders' equity (in thousands) | |||||
| | Book value per share (BVPS)3 | |||||
| Share price1, 2 | ||||||
| Ratio | ||||||
| | P/BV ratio4 | |||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors | ||||||
| Delta Air Lines Inc. | ||||||
| Marriott International Inc. | ||||||
| McDonald's Corp. | ||||||
| Starbucks Corp. | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Travel & Leisure | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Services | ||||||
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Booking Holdings Inc.'s Annual Report.
2017 Calculations
3 BVPS = Stockholders' equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
4 P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company's required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Booking Holdings Inc.'s P/BV ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017. |
