Price to Sales (P/S)
since 2008
Calculation
Visa Inc., P/S, long-term trends, calculation
| P/S | = | Share price1, 2, 3 | ÷ | Sales per share1 | Sales per share1 | = | Net revenues1 (in millions) |
÷ | No. shares of common stock outstanding2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 16, 2022 | 14.78 | = | 210.14 | ÷ | 14.22 | 14.22 | = | 29,310 | ÷ | 2,061,687,546 | |
| Nov 18, 2021 | 17.79 | = | 203.33 | ÷ | 11.43 | 11.43 | = | 24,105 | ÷ | 2,108,549,451 | |
| Nov 19, 2020 | 20.27 | = | 207.57 | ÷ | 10.24 | 10.24 | = | 21,846 | ÷ | 2,133,541,039 | |
| Nov 14, 2019 | 16.86 | = | 179.75 | ÷ | 10.66 | 10.66 | = | 22,977 | ÷ | 2,155,629,545 | |
| Nov 16, 2018 | 15.01 | = | 140.18 | ÷ | 9.34 | 9.34 | = | 20,609 | ÷ | 2,206,760,802 | |
| Nov 17, 2017 | 13.57 | = | 109.82 | ÷ | 8.09 | 8.09 | = | 18,358 | ÷ | 2,268,806,703 | |
| Nov 15, 2016 | 12.19 | = | 78.57 | ÷ | 6.45 | 6.45 | = | 15,082 | ÷ | 2,339,519,893 | |
| Nov 20, 2015 | 14.04 | = | 80.19 | ÷ | 5.71 | 5.71 | = | 13,880 | ÷ | 2,429,472,223 | |
| Nov 21, 2014 | 12.37 | = | 63.56 | ÷ | 5.14 | 5.14 | = | 12,702 | ÷ | 2,473,017,076 | |
| Nov 22, 2013 | 10.92 | = | 50.53 | ÷ | 4.63 | 4.63 | = | 11,778 | ÷ | 2,546,194,415 | |
| Nov 16, 2012 | 9.15 | = | 35.68 | ÷ | 3.90 | 3.90 | = | 10,421 | ÷ | 2,673,429,711 | |
| Nov 18, 2011 | 6.79 | = | 22.70 | ÷ | 3.34 | 3.34 | = | 9,188 | ÷ | 2,749,075,937 | |
| Nov 19, 2010 | 6.85 | = | 19.26 | ÷ | 2.81 | 2.81 | = | 8,065 | ÷ | 2,866,468,592 | |
| Nov 20, 2009 | 8.60 | = | 20.00 | ÷ | 2.33 | 2.33 | = | 6,911 | ÷ | 2,970,508,130 | |
| Nov 21, 2008 | 5.75 | = | 11.60 | ÷ | 2.02 | 2.02 | = | 6,263 | ÷ | 3,103,771,256 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-09-30).
1 US$
2 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Visa Inc. Annual Report.
The analysis reveals a long-term trajectory of both fundamental growth and valuation expansion, characterized by a consistent increase in sales per share and a fluctuating but generally ascending Price-to-Sales (P/S) ratio.
- Revenue and Price Performance
- A steady increase in sales per share is observed, growing from 2.02 US$ in 2008 to 14.22 US$ by 2022. During the same period, the share price experienced a more aggressive ascent, rising from 11.60 US$ to 210.14 US$. The consistent growth in sales per share suggests a stable increase in operational productivity and revenue generation per unit of equity.
- P/S Ratio Trends and Valuation Expansion
- The P/S ratio exhibited three distinct phases. From 2008 to 2011, the ratio remained relatively stable, fluctuating between 5.75 and 8.60. A period of significant valuation expansion followed from 2012 to 2020, during which the ratio climbed from 9.15 to a peak of 20.27. This trend indicates that the market price grew at a rate substantially exceeding the growth rate of sales, reflecting increased investor confidence or higher growth expectations.
- Recent Valuation Correction
- A contraction in the valuation multiple is evident in the final two years of the period. Between 2020 and 2022, the P/S ratio declined from 20.27 to 14.78. This compression occurred despite sales per share continuing to rise, reaching their highest point in 2022. This divergence suggests a correction in the premium the market was willing to pay for each dollar of sales, potentially reflecting a normalization of valuation multiples.
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Comparison to Competitors
Visa Inc., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to competitors
| Visa Inc. | Accenture PLC | Adobe Inc. | AppLovin Corp. | Cadence Design Systems Inc. | Datadog Inc. | International Business Machines Corp. | Intuit Inc. | Microsoft Corp. | Oracle Corp. | Palantir Technologies Inc. | Palo Alto Networks Inc. | Salesforce Inc. | ServiceNow Inc. | Synopsys Inc. | Workday Inc. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 16, 2022 | 14.78 | 2.56 | 8.95 | 1.80 | 14.23 | 14.64 | 1.94 | 9.30 | 10.40 | 4.25 | 9.34 | 9.62 | 7.40 | 12.75 | 10.03 | 11.19 |
| Nov 18, 2021 | 17.79 | 4.28 | 14.94 | 5.99 | 12.55 | 49.25 | 1.94 | 16.09 | 12.81 | 5.38 | 15.58 | 10.72 | 9.24 | 19.02 | 13.22 | 13.95 |
| Nov 19, 2020 | 20.27 | 3.26 | 17.04 | — | 13.85 | 49.57 | 1.47 | 11.78 | 10.85 | 4.33 | 39.86 | 6.66 | 8.88 | 25.66 | 10.08 | 10.65 |
| Nov 14, 2019 | 16.86 | 2.72 | 15.11 | — | 8.56 | 36.28 | 1.63 | 11.05 | 8.38 | 4.74 | — | 7.06 | 9.00 | 19.36 | 6.27 | 14.75 |
| Nov 16, 2018 | 15.01 | 2.35 | 13.23 | — | 7.53 | — | 1.56 | 9.52 | 7.51 | 4.41 | — | 9.75 | 8.89 | 16.63 | 4.10 | 13.73 |
| Nov 17, 2017 | 13.57 | 2.45 | 13.32 | — | 5.85 | — | 1.82 | 6.99 | 6.19 | 5.56 | — | 7.49 | 6.96 | 14.55 | 4.80 | 11.06 |
| Nov 15, 2016 | 12.19 | 2.13 | 9.34 | — | 4.53 | — | 2.12 | 6.17 | 5.13 | 4.45 | — | 9.69 | 7.09 | 10.50 | 3.71 | 12.08 |
| Nov 20, 2015 | 14.04 | 2.11 | 9.27 | — | 3.73 | — | 1.56 | 5.56 | 3.99 | 4.66 | — | 16.88 | 7.82 | 8.69 | 3.07 | 19.97 |
| Nov 21, 2014 | 12.37 | 1.61 | 8.59 | — | 3.42 | — | 1.76 | 5.32 | 4.10 | 4.67 | — | 13.17 | 9.54 | 16.81 | 3.15 | 35.87 |
| Nov 22, 2013 | 10.92 | 1.64 | 7.45 | — | 2.96 | — | 1.91 | 4.47 | 3.41 | 3.75 | — | 8.38 | 8.92 | 22.61 | 3.12 | 37.91 |
| Nov 16, 2012 | 9.15 | 1.54 | 4.30 | — | 3.02 | — | 2.12 | 4.27 | 3.32 | 3.66 | — | 17.50 | 8.91 | 19.84 | 2.76 | — |
| Nov 18, 2011 | 6.79 | 1.47 | 3.65 | — | 2.81 | — | 2.15 | 3.71 | 3.32 | 4.60 | — | — | 9.79 | — | 2.52 | — |
| Nov 19, 2010 | 6.85 | 1.36 | 4.50 | — | 2.76 | — | 1.98 | 4.12 | 3.57 | 4.04 | — | — | 7.35 | — | 2.93 | — |
| Nov 20, 2009 | 8.60 | 1.20 | 6.12 | — | 1.81 | — | 1.72 | 2.81 | 3.63 | 4.63 | — | — | 3.52 | — | 2.33 | — |
| Nov 21, 2008 | 5.75 | 0.92 | 2.88 | — | 1.01 | — | 1.12 | 3.21 | 3.89 | 4.79 | — | — | 9.52 | — | 1.93 | — |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-09-30).
Comparison to Sector (Software & Services)
Visa Inc., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to sector (software & services)
| Visa Inc. | Software & Services | |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 16, 2022 | 14.78 | 7.38 |
| Nov 18, 2021 | 17.79 | 9.45 |
| Nov 19, 2020 | 20.27 | 7.72 |
| Nov 14, 2019 | 16.86 | 6.11 |
| Nov 16, 2018 | 15.01 | 5.24 |
| Nov 17, 2017 | 13.57 | 4.65 |
| Nov 15, 2016 | 12.19 | 3.95 |
| Nov 20, 2015 | 14.04 | 3.41 |
| Nov 21, 2014 | 12.37 | 3.34 |
| Nov 22, 2013 | 10.92 | 2.89 |
| Nov 16, 2012 | 9.15 | 2.79 |
| Nov 18, 2011 | 6.79 | 2.85 |
| Nov 19, 2010 | 6.85 | 2.73 |
| Nov 20, 2009 | 8.60 | 2.61 |
| Nov 21, 2008 | 5.75 | 2.31 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-09-30).
Comparison to Industry (Information Technology)
Visa Inc., P/S, long-term trends, comparison to industry (information technology)
| Visa Inc. | Information Technology | |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 16, 2022 | 14.78 | 6.01 |
| Nov 18, 2021 | 17.79 | 6.98 |
| Nov 19, 2020 | 20.27 | 6.11 |
| Nov 14, 2019 | 16.86 | 4.62 |
| Nov 16, 2018 | 15.01 | 4.31 |
| Nov 17, 2017 | 13.57 | 4.18 |
| Nov 15, 2016 | 12.19 | 3.46 |
| Nov 20, 2015 | 14.04 | 3.03 |
| Nov 21, 2014 | 12.37 | 3.31 |
| Nov 22, 2013 | 10.92 | 2.85 |
| Nov 16, 2012 | 9.15 | 2.88 |
| Nov 18, 2011 | 6.79 | 2.84 |
| Nov 19, 2010 | 6.85 | 3.04 |
| Nov 20, 2009 | 8.60 | 3.11 |
| Nov 21, 2008 | 5.75 | 2.38 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2010-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2009-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2008-09-30).