Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
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Visa Inc. pages available for free this week:
- Income Statement
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Total Asset Turnover since 2008
- Current Ratio since 2008
- Price to Sales (P/S) since 2008
- Analysis of Property, Plant and Equipment
- Analysis of Income Taxes
- Adjustments to Financial Statements
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Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Visa Inc., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | |||||||
| Invested capital2 | |||||||
| Performance Ratio | |||||||
| ROIC3 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | |||||||
| Automatic Data Processing Inc. | |||||||
| Fidelity National Information Services Inc. | |||||||
| Fiserv Inc. | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | |||||||
| Mastercard Inc. | |||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | |||||||
| PayPal Holdings Inc. | |||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Visa Inc. ROIC deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021. |
Decomposition of ROIC
Visa Inc., decomposition of ROIC
| ROIC | = | OPM1 | × | TO2 | × | 1 – CTR3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 30, 2021 | = | × | × | ||||
| Sep 30, 2020 | = | × | × | ||||
| Sep 30, 2019 | = | × | × | ||||
| Sep 30, 2018 | = | × | × | ||||
| Sep 30, 2017 | = | × | × | ||||
| Sep 30, 2016 | = | × | × |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the increase in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2021 year is the increase in efficiency measured by turnover of capital (TO) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Visa Inc., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | |||||||
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | |||||||
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | |||||||
| Net revenues | |||||||
| Profitability Ratio | |||||||
| OPM3 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | |||||||
| Automatic Data Processing Inc. | |||||||
| Fidelity National Information Services Inc. | |||||||
| Fiserv Inc. | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | |||||||
| Mastercard Inc. | |||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | |||||||
| PayPal Holdings Inc. | |||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Net revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Visa Inc. OPM deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Visa Inc., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net revenues | |||||||
| Invested capital1 | |||||||
| Efficiency Ratio | |||||||
| TO2 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | |||||||
| Automatic Data Processing Inc. | |||||||
| Fidelity National Information Services Inc. | |||||||
| Fiserv Inc. | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | |||||||
| Mastercard Inc. | |||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | |||||||
| PayPal Holdings Inc. | |||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2021 Calculation
TO = Net revenues ÷ Invested capital
= ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Visa Inc. TO deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Visa Inc., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2020 | Sep 30, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | Sep 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | |||||||
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | |||||||
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | |||||||
| Tax Rate | |||||||
| CTR3 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Accenture PLC | |||||||
| Adobe Inc. | |||||||
| Autodesk Inc. | |||||||
| Automatic Data Processing Inc. | |||||||
| Fidelity National Information Services Inc. | |||||||
| Fiserv Inc. | |||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | |||||||
| Intuit Inc. | |||||||
| Mastercard Inc. | |||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | |||||||
| Oracle Corp. | |||||||
| PayPal Holdings Inc. | |||||||
| salesforce.com inc. | |||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | |||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-09-30).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | Visa Inc. CTR increased from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly decreased from 2020 to 2021 not reaching 2019 level. |