Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
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Ford Motor Co. pages available for free this week:
- Analysis of Profitability Ratios
- Analysis of Solvency Ratios
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Net Profit Margin since 2005
- Debt to Equity since 2005
- Price to Earnings (P/E) since 2005
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2005
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2005
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Current Valuation Ratios
Ford Motor Co., current price multiples
| Ford Motor Co. | General Motors Co. | Tesla Inc. | Automobiles & Components | Consumer Discretionary | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | ||||||||
| Current share price (P) | ||||||||
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | ||||||||
| Growth rate (g) | ||||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS) | ||||||||
| Next year expected EPS | ||||||||
| Operating profit per share | ||||||||
| Sales per share | ||||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS) | ||||||||
| Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples) | ||||||||
| Price to earnings (P/E) | ||||||||
| Price to next year expected earnings | ||||||||
| Price-earnings-growth (PEG) | ||||||||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | ||||||||
| Price to sales (P/S) | ||||||||
| Price to book value (P/BV) | ||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31).
If the company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Ford Motor Co., historical price multiples
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price to earnings (P/E) | ||||||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | ||||||
| Price to sales (P/S) | ||||||
| Price to book value (P/BV) |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
- Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio
- The P/E ratio displays notable volatility over the periods observed. It begins with an absence of data in 2020, rises to 4.01 in 2021, missing for 2022, then sharply increases to 11.7 in 2023, followed by a marked reduction to 6.24 in 2024. This variability suggests fluctuating investor perceptions of profitability relative to share price, with a significant peak in 2023 before a correction downwards in the last year.
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) Ratio
- This ratio starts at 15.9 in 2021, decreases significantly to 8.4 in 2022, then slightly rises to 9.32 in 2023, and declines again to 7.03 in 2024. The overall trend points to a reduction in valuation multiples based on operating profit over time, indicating that either operating profits have improved relative to price or market sentiment adjusted lower on an operating profit basis.
- Price to Sales (P/S) Ratio
- The P/S ratio exhibits a clear downward trend throughout the entire period, starting from 0.39 in 2020 and reducing progressively to 0.21 in 2024. This consistent decline may reflect decreasing market valuation relative to sales, potentially due to lower growth expectations or pricing power relative to revenue generation.
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) Ratio
- The P/BV ratio remains relatively stable initially, with minor decline from 1.49 in 2020 to 1.48 in 2021, then declines more visibly to 1.22 in 2022, 1.19 in 2023, and a pronounced drop to 0.82 in 2024. This suggests a shrinking market valuation relative to the company's book value, which could imply increased market skepticism about asset value or return prospects over time.
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Ford Motor Co., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company (in millions) | ||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS)2 | ||||||
| Share price1, 3 | ||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/E ratio4 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | ||||||
| Tesla Inc. | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Automobiles & Components | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Discretionary | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2024 Calculation
EPS = Net income (loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Ford Motor Co. Annual Report.
4 2024 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals several noteworthy trends over the five-year period ending in 2024.
- Share Price
- The share price experienced a notable increase from $11.51 in 2020 to a peak of $17.96 in 2021. However, this positive momentum was not sustained, as the price declined to $13.23 in 2022 and continued to decrease through 2023 and 2024, reaching $9.26. This trend indicates considerable volatility with an overall downward trajectory in the latter years.
- Earnings Per Share (EPS)
- Earnings per share showed significant fluctuations. The EPS was negative in 2020 (-$0.32) followed by a substantial improvement to $4.48 in 2021, suggesting a strong recovery or favorable operational performance that year. However, the EPS dropped sharply again to -$0.50 in 2022, then rebounded to positive values in 2023 ($1.09) and 2024 ($1.48). Despite the recovery in the last two years, EPS values remain well below the peak seen in 2021, indicating inconsistent earnings performance with periods of loss interspersed with profitability.
- Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio
- The P/E ratio was not reported for 2020 and 2022, likely due to negative or non-meaningful earnings during those years. The ratio stood at a low 4.01 in 2021, aligning with the high EPS value of that year, indicative of potentially undervalued shares or strong earnings. The P/E increased sharply to 11.7 in 2023, which may reflect market optimism or a higher price relative to earnings despite the lower EPS compared to 2021. In 2024, the P/E ratio decreased to 6.24, suggesting either a price adjustment or improved earnings relative to share price.
Overall, the data points to a company experiencing significant earnings volatility, with corresponding fluctuations in share price and valuation multiples. The peak earnings and share price observed in 2021 contrast with subsequent declines, though there is evidence of partial recovery by 2024. Investors may interpret these fluctuations as indicative of underlying operational challenges or changes in market conditions affecting profitability and investor sentiment.
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Ford Motor Co., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Operating income (loss) (in millions) | ||||||
| Operating profit per share2 | ||||||
| Share price1, 3 | ||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/OP ratio4 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | ||||||
| Tesla Inc. | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Automobiles & Components | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Discretionary | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2024 Calculation
Operating profit per share = Operating income (loss) ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Ford Motor Co. Annual Report.
4 2024 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Share Price Trend
- The share price exhibited a fluctuating yet generally declining trend over the period analyzed. It increased significantly from $11.51 at the end of 2020 to reach a peak of $17.96 by the end of 2021. Subsequently, it declined to $13.23 in 2022, followed by a further drop to $12.80 in 2023, and continued its downward movement to $9.26 by the end of 2024.
- Operating Profit per Share Pattern
- The operating profit per share showed a marked improvement from a negative value of -$1.11 in 2020 to positive figures in subsequent years. It rose to $1.13 in 2021, increased further to $1.57 in 2022, then slightly decreased to $1.37 in 2023, and maintained a similar level at $1.32 in 2024. This indicates recovery and stabilization in operational profitability on a per-share basis after an initial loss.
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) Ratio Dynamics
- The P/OP ratio, which became available starting from 2021, displayed a general downward trend that signals a potential undervaluation or improved operating profit relative to share price. Beginning at 15.9 in 2021, it dropped sharply to 8.4 in 2022, slightly increased to 9.32 in 2023, and then declined again to 7.03 by 2024. This pattern suggests that the market's valuation of earnings per share became more conservative over time.
- Overall Observations
- The data reflects a period of initial recovery in operating profit per share following losses, accompanied by decreasing market valuation multiples and a declining share price after a peak in 2021. The declining share price alongside stable operating profits may indicate market skepticism or external factors influencing valuation beyond operational performance.
Price to Sales (P/S)
Ford Motor Co., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Company revenues excluding Ford Credit (in millions) | ||||||
| Sales per share2 | ||||||
| Share price1, 3 | ||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/S ratio4 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | ||||||
| Tesla Inc. | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Automobiles & Components | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Discretionary | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2024 Calculation
Sales per share = Company revenues excluding Ford Credit ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Ford Motor Co. Annual Report.
4 2024 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals several notable trends over the five-year period ending December 31, 2024.
- Share Price
- The share price experienced an overall decline. Starting at $11.51 in 2020, it increased to a peak of $17.96 in 2021, followed by a declining trend to $9.26 by 2024. This indicates a reduction in market valuation after the 2021 peak.
- Sales per Share
- Sales per share showed a consistent upward trend throughout the period. Beginning at $29.14 in 2020, sales rose steadily to $43.57 in 2024, reflecting a growth in sales generation on a per-share basis despite fluctuations in share price.
- Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S)
- The P/S ratio decreased notably over the five years. From 0.39 in 2020, it peaked at 0.57 in 2021 before progressively declining to 0.21 by 2024. This suggests that while sales per share increased, the share price did not keep pace, resulting in a lower valuation relative to sales.
In summary, while sales per share progressively improved indicating operational growth, the share price and resulting valuation ratios declined after 2021, which could reflect market concerns or external factors impacting investor sentiment despite rising sales figures.
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Ford Motor Co., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | ||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company (in millions) | ||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS)2 | ||||||
| Share price1, 3 | ||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/BV ratio4 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| General Motors Co. | ||||||
| Tesla Inc. | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Automobiles & Components | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Consumer Discretionary | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2024 Calculation
BVPS = Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Ford Motor Co. Annual Report.
4 2024 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the provided financial data reveals several notable trends in the company's market valuation and book value per share over the five-year period ending December 31, 2024.
- Share Price Trends
- The share price experienced a significant increase from $11.51 in 2020 to a peak of $17.96 in 2021, suggesting strong market sentiment or positive developments during that year. However, subsequent years show a declining trend, with the share price decreasing to $13.23 in 2022, further falling to $12.80 in 2023, and reaching $9.26 in 2024. This persistent downward movement indicates a weakening market perception or possible operational challenges affecting investor confidence.
- Book Value per Share (BVPS)
- The book value per share rose substantially from $7.71 in 2020 to $12.12 in 2021, reflecting an improvement in the company's net asset base or retained earnings. Following this peak, BVPS declined slightly to $10.85 in 2022 and remained relatively stable at around $10.76 in 2023. By 2024, there was a modest increase to $11.31. The overall pattern indicates initial growth in net asset value, followed by stabilization and slight recovery towards the end of the period.
- Price-to-Book Value (P/BV) Ratio
- The P/BV ratio remained close to 1.5 during 2020 and 2021, indicating that the market valued the company at a premium over its book value during these years. Starting in 2022, this ratio declined steadily to 1.22, then 1.19 in 2023, and substantially dropped to 0.82 in 2024. A P/BV ratio below 1.0 signals that the market values the company at less than its book value, which may reflect diminished investor confidence or concerns about future profitability.
Overall, the data suggests that while the company initially experienced a favorable market valuation and growth in net assets through 2021, the subsequent years have been marked by deteriorating share prices and reduced market valuation relative to book value. This trend points to challenges in maintaining investor confidence and potential pressures on the company's financial performance or outlook.