Inventory Disclosure
Adjustment to Inventory: from LIFO to FIFO
Adjusted Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Ford Motor Co., Statement of Financial Position, Inventory

USD $ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies
	Finished products
	Inventories under FIFO
	LIFO adjustment
	Inventories

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Inventories	Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.	Ford Motor Co.’s inventories increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusting LIFO Inventory to FIFO (Current) Cost

USD $ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Inventories
	Inventories at LIFO (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Inventories at FIFO (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Equity Attributable To Ford Motor Company
	Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income Attributable To Ford Motor Company
	Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company (as reported)
	Add: Increase (decrease) in inventory LIFO reserve
	Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Ford Motor Co.’s inventory value on Dec 31, 2018 would be $11,220 (in millions) if the FIFO inventory method was used instead of LIFO. Ford Motor Co.’s inventories, valued on a LIFO basis, on Dec 31, 2018 were $11,220 . Ford Motor Co.’s inventories would have been $— higher than reported on Dec 31, 2018 if the FIFO method had been used instead.

Ford Motor Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Ford Motor Co., adjusted ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio (LIFO)
	Adjusted current ratio (FIFO)
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin (LIFO)
	Adjusted net profit margin (FIFO)
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover (LIFO)
	Adjusted total asset turnover (FIFO)
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage (LIFO)
	Adjusted financial leverage (FIFO)
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROE (FIFO)
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROA (FIFO)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted financial leverage declined from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

Ford Motor Co., Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Current liabilities
	Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Automotive revenues
	Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Automotive revenues
	Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Automotive revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Automotive revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Automotive revenues
	Total assets
	Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Automotive revenues
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Automotive revenues ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Automotive revenues ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Total assets
	Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted financial leverage declined from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Adjusted equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Adjusted equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Total assets
	Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-21), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Ford Motor Company ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Ford Motor Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

	Ford Motor Co.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
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Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
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Ford Motor Co. (F)

Analysis of Inventory

Inventory Disclosure

Adjustment to Inventory: from LIFO to FIFO

Ford Motor Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)

Ford Motor Co., Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)