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Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Beginner level
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Current Valuation Ratios
General Motors Co., current price multiples
| General Motors Co. | Consumer Goods | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | ||||
| Current share price (P) | ||||
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | ||||
| Growth rate (g) | ||||
| Earnings per share (EPS) | ||||
| Next year expected EPS | ||||
| Operating profit per share | ||||
| Sales per share | ||||
| Book value per share (BVPS) | ||||
| Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples) | ||||
| Price to earnings (P/E) | ||||
| Price to next year expected earnings | ||||
| Price-earnings-growth (PEG) | ||||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | ||||
| Price to sales (P/S) | ||||
| Price to book value (P/BV) | ||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05).
If the company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
General Motors Co., historical price multiples
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price to earnings (P/E) | ||||||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | ||||||
| Price to sales (P/S) | ||||||
| Price to book value (P/BV) |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | General Motors Co.’s P/E ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | General Motors Co.’s P/OP ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly decreased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | General Motors Co.’s P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | General Motors Co.’s P/BV ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
General Motors Co., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
EPS = Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of General Motors Co.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | General Motors Co.’s P/E ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
General Motors Co., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
Operating profit per share = Operating income ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of General Motors Co.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | General Motors Co.’s P/OP ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly decreased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
General Motors Co., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
Sales per share = Automotive net sales and revenue ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of General Motors Co.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | General Motors Co.’s P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
General Motors Co., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
BVPS = Stockholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of General Motors Co.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | General Motors Co.’s P/BV ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |