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Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc

General Motors Co. (GM)

Analysis of Income Taxes

Advanced level

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

General Motors Co., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
12 months ended Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
U.S. federal
U.S. state and local
Non-U.S.
Current income tax expense
U.S. federal
U.S. state and local
Non-U.S.
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

Item Description The company
Current income tax expense Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. General Motors Co.’s current income tax expense decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. General Motors Co.’s deferred income tax expense (benefit) decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Income tax expense (benefit) Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. General Motors Co.’s income tax expense (benefit) decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly increased from 2018 to 2019.

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

General Motors Co., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
Effective income tax rate, before change in tax laws
Effective income tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

Item Description The company
Effective income tax rate, before change in tax laws Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. General Motors Co.’s effective income tax rate, before change in tax laws decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly increased from 2018 to 2019.

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

General Motors Co., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Postretirement benefits other than pensions
Pension and other employee benefit plans
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts
Property, plants and equipment
U.S. capitalized research expenditures
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards
Miscellaneous
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowances
Valuation allowances
Deferred tax assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

Item Description The company
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowances Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. General Motors Co.’s deferred tax assets before valuation allowances increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Deferred tax assets Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. General Motors Co.’s deferred tax assets increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting. General Motors Co.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

General Motors Co., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Adjustment to Current Assets
Current assets (as reported)
Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
Current assets (adjusted)
Adjustment to Total Assets
Total assets (as reported)
Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
Total assets (adjusted)
Adjustment to Stockholders’ Equity
Stockholders’ equity (as reported)
Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Stockholders’ equity (adjusted)
Adjustment to Net Income (loss) Attributable To Stockholders
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders (as reported)
Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

General Motors Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

General Motors Co., adjusted financial ratios

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
Current Ratio
Reported current ratio
Adjusted current ratio
Net Profit Margin
Reported net profit margin
Adjusted net profit margin
Total Asset Turnover
Reported total asset turnover
Adjusted total asset turnover
Financial Leverage
Reported financial leverage
Adjusted financial leverage
Return on Equity (ROE)
Reported ROE
Adjusted ROE
Return on Assets (ROA)
Reported ROA
Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

Financial ratio Description The company
Adjusted current ratio A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. General Motors Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. General Motors Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. General Motors Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 General Motors Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. General Motors Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.

General Motors Co., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Current assets
Current liabilities
Liquidity Ratio
Current ratio1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted current assets
Current liabilities
Liquidity Ratio
Adjusted current ratio2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =

Liquidity ratio Description The company
Adjusted current ratio A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. General Motors Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Automotive net sales and revenue
Profitability Ratio
Net profit margin1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Automotive net sales and revenue
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted net profit margin2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 Net profit margin = 100 × Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Automotive net sales and revenue
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Automotive net sales and revenue
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. General Motors Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Automotive net sales and revenue
Total assets
Activity Ratio
Total asset turnover1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Automotive net sales and revenue
Adjusted total assets
Activity Ratio
Adjusted total asset turnover2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 Total asset turnover = Automotive net sales and revenue ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Automotive net sales and revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =

Activity ratio Description The company
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. General Motors Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets
Stockholders’ equity
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted total assets
Adjusted stockholders’ equity
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted financial leverage2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =

Solvency ratio Description The company
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 General Motors Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Stockholders’ equity
Profitability Ratio
ROE1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Adjusted stockholders’ equity
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROE2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 ROE = 100 × Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. General Motors Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Total assets
Profitability Ratio
ROA1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
Adjusted total assets
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03).

2019 Calculations

1 ROA = 100 × Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to stockholders ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. General Motors Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019.