Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

Apple Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL)

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Economic Value Added (EVA)

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc

EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.

Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.

Economic Profit

Apple Inc., economic profit calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
12 months ended: Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1
Cost of capital2
Invested capital3
 
Economic profit4

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 NOPAT. See details »

2 Cost of capital. See details »

3 Invested capital. See details »

4 2020 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =

Item Description The company
Economic profit Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. Apple Inc.’s economic profit increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020.

Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)

Apple Inc., NOPAT calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
12 months ended: Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Net income
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue2
Increase (decrease) in accrued warranty and related costs3
Increase (decrease) in equity equivalents4
Interest expense
Interest expense, operating lease liability5
Adjusted interest expense
Tax benefit of interest expense6
Adjusted interest expense, after taxes7
(Gain) loss on marketable securities
Interest and dividend income
Investment income, before taxes
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income8
Investment income, after taxes9
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »

2 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred revenue.

3 Addition of increase (decrease) in accrued warranty and related costs.

4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.

5 2020 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =

6 2020 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =

7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.

8 2020 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =

9 Elimination of after taxes investment income.

Item Description The company
NOPAT Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. Apple Inc.’s NOPAT increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020.

Cash Operating Taxes

Apple Inc., cash operating taxes calculation

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
12 months ended: Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Provision for income taxes
Less: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Add: Tax savings from interest expense
Less: Tax imposed on investment income
Cash operating taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

Item Description The company
Cash operating taxes Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. Apple Inc.’s cash operating taxes decreased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020.

Invested Capital

Apple Inc., invested capital calculation (financing approach)

US$ in millions

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Current portion of finance leases
Commercial paper
Current portion of term debt
Non-current portion of term debt
Non-current portion of finance leases
Operating lease liability1
Total reported debt & leases
Shareholders’ equity
Net deferred tax (assets) liabilities2
Deferred revenue3
Accrued warranty and related costs4
Equity equivalents5
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax6
Adjusted shareholders’ equity
Marketable securities7
Invested capital

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.

2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »

3 Addition of deferred revenue.

4 Addition of accrued warranty and related costs.

5 Addition of equity equivalents to shareholders’ equity.

6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.

7 Subtraction of marketable securities.

Item Description The company
Invested capital Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. Apple Inc.’s invested capital increased from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly decreased from 2019 to 2020 not reaching 2018 level.

Cost of Capital

Apple Inc., cost of capital calculations

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 21.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 24.50%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 24.50%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Capital (fair value)1 Weights Cost of capital
Equity2 ÷ = × =
Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases3 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Operating lease liability4 ÷ = × × (1 – 35.00%) =
Total:

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 US$ in millions

2 Equity. See details »

3 Commercial paper, term debt, and finance leases. See details »

4 Operating lease liability. See details »

Economic Spread Ratio

Apple Inc., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Economic profit1
Invested capital2
Performance Ratio
Economic spread ratio3
Benchmarks
Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4
Cisco Systems Inc.

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 Invested capital. See details »

3 2020 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =

4 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Performance ratio Description The company
Economic spread ratio The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. Apple Inc.’s economic spread ratio improved from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020.

Economic Profit Margin

Apple Inc., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Sep 26, 2020 Sep 28, 2019 Sep 29, 2018 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 24, 2016 Sep 26, 2015
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Economic profit1
 
Net sales
Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue
Adjusted net sales
Performance Ratio
Economic profit margin2
Benchmarks
Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3
Cisco Systems Inc.

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-10-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-11-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-11-03), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-28).

1 Economic profit. See details »

2 2020 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted net sales
= 100 × ÷ =

3 Click competitor name to see calculations.

Performance ratio Description The company
Economic profit margin The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company’s profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. Apple Inc.’s economic profit margin improved from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020.