Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Arista Networks Inc. pages available for free this week:
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Analysis of Geographic Areas
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Selected Financial Data since 2014
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2014
- Debt to Equity since 2014
- Analysis of Revenues
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Economic Profit
Arista Networks Inc., economic profit calculation
US$ in thousands
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2024 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- The net operating profit after taxes has demonstrated a consistent and substantial upward trend over the analyzed period. Starting at approximately $676 million, it more than quadrupled to nearly $3.4 billion by the end of the last reported year. This indicates a strong and improving operational profitability.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital remained relatively stable, fluctuating slightly around 15.8%. This stability suggests a consistent risk profile and capital structure throughout the period, without significant shifts in financing costs or market risk perceptions.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital showed a marked increase over the years, growing from around $1.87 billion to nearly $5.87 billion. The sharp increase, particularly noticeable from the third period onwards, reflects either significant capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other investments designed to fuel growth or expansion.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit increased substantially, mirroring the upward trends in NOPAT and invested capital. Starting at approximately $381 million, economic profit more than sextupled, reaching nearly $2.47 billion. This strong growth suggests that the company not only expanded its profit generation but also efficiently utilized its capital, exceeding the cost of capital by a widening margin over time.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Arista Networks Inc., NOPAT calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred revenue.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.
4 2024 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
5 2024 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
6 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.
7 2024 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
8 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
- Net Income Trend
- The net income of the company has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory over the five-year period. Starting at $634.6 million in 2020, it increased by approximately 32.5% to $840.9 million in 2021. The growth accelerated further in 2022 with net income reaching $1.35 billion, representing a notable increase of around 60.7% year over year. This positive momentum sustained into 2023 and 2024, with net income rising to $2.09 billion and $2.85 billion respectively, indicating continued strong profitability expansion.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) Trend
- NOPAT exhibited a similarly positive trend, reflecting improving operational efficiency and profitability. The initial value of approximately $676.2 million in 2020 increased to $1.02 billion in 2021, a growth rate of about 50.6%. Although the growth rate slightly moderated in 2022 with NOPAT at $1.20 billion, the figure surged significantly to $2.07 billion in 2023 and further to $3.40 billion in 2024. These figures indicate a robust enhancement in the company's operational profit generation after tax consideration.
- Comparative Analysis Between Net Income and NOPAT
- Both net income and NOPAT demonstrate strong and consistent growth patterns, with NOPAT generally exceeding net income in absolute terms throughout the period, which may suggest an increasingly efficient core business operation after taxes. The gap between NOPAT and net income widened notably towards the end of the period, highlighting enhanced operational earnings relative to net income, potentially due to improvements in non-operating factors or tax effects over time.
- Overall Financial Performance Insights
- The data reflects significant and accelerating growth in profitability metrics, indicating a successful expansion and improved operational performance. The company’s ability to nearly triple its net income within four years, alongside a more than fivefold increase in NOPAT, points to strong financial health and effective management strategies. This upward trend suggests solid prospects for continued business success if the current growth drivers are sustained.
Cash Operating Taxes
Arista Networks Inc., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
- Provision for Income Taxes
- Over the five-year period, the provision for income taxes demonstrates a substantial upward trend. Starting at $104,306 thousand in 2020, it slightly decreased to $90,025 thousand in 2021, marking a minor decline in the second year. However, from 2021 onward, there is a notable acceleration in growth, with the provision increasing significantly to $229,350 thousand in 2022, then further rising to $334,705 thousand in 2023, and reaching $412,980 thousand by 2024. This pattern suggests a rising tax expense potentially linked to increased profitability or changes in tax legislation or accounting practices.
- Cash Operating Taxes
- Cash operating taxes exhibit a strong and consistent upward trajectory throughout the observed period. Starting at $106,136 thousand in 2020, cash operating taxes almost doubled by 2021, reaching $188,364 thousand. This growth momentum continued sharply in subsequent years, with values increasing to $468,759 thousand in 2022, $675,037 thousand in 2023, and ultimately $840,462 thousand in 2024. The sharp escalation in cash operating taxes compared to the provision for income taxes may reflect timing differences in tax payments or increased effective tax rates, or a combination of operational scale expansion and higher taxable income.
- Comparative Insights
- Both provision for income taxes and cash operating taxes have risen notably over the five years, with cash operating taxes growing at an even faster rate than the provision. The disparity between these two tax-related figures suggests potential differences in deferred tax accounting or changes in the company’s tax payment schedule. The steady increase across both metrics implies growing taxable income levels or evolving tax obligations. This consistent increase in tax-related expenses may impact the company’s net earnings and cash flows, indicating the necessity for careful tax planning going forward.
Invested Capital
Arista Networks Inc., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of deferred revenue.
4 Addition of equity equivalents to stockholders’ equity.
5 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
6 Subtraction of construction-in-process.
7 Subtraction of marketable securities.
- Total Reported Debt & Leases
- The total reported debt and leases demonstrate a declining trend over the five-year period. Starting at $90,170 thousand in 2020, the figure decreases each year, reaching $59,642 thousand by 2024. This consistent reduction indicates a deliberate effort to lower debt levels and manage lease obligations effectively, improving the company’s leverage position.
- Stockholders’ Equity
- Stockholders’ equity shows a strong upward trend, more than tripling from $3,320,291 thousand in 2020 to $9,994,807 thousand in 2024. This significant increase suggests robust retained earnings, possibly combined with equity financing activities, contributing to a solid expansion of the company’s net asset base over the period.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital rises steadily from $1,866,365 thousand in 2020 to $5,869,309 thousand in 2024. The growth accelerates particularly after 2021, indicating increased investment in operating assets or growth initiatives. The expansion of invested capital alongside rising equity suggests an aggressive strategy focused on scaling operations or asset acquisition.
- Overall Financial Trends
- The combined trends reflect a company that is strengthening its financial foundation by reducing debt, significantly increasing equity, and expanding invested capital. The reduction in total debt coupled with substantial equity growth suggests an improved capital structure and financial stability. The growth in invested capital points to reinvestment and expansion efforts, which may support future growth and operational capacity.
Cost of Capital
Arista Networks Inc., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
Economic Spread Ratio
Arista Networks Inc., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Apple Inc. | ||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | ||||||
| Dell Technologies Inc. | ||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2024 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Economic Profit
-
The economic profit of the company exhibited a strong upward trajectory over the five-year period under review. Starting at 381,530 thousand US dollars, economic profit nearly doubled from 2020 to 2021, reaching 718,813 thousand. Following a marginal decline in 2022 to 711,665 thousand, the figure surged significantly in the subsequent years, with 1,311,307 thousand in 2023 and further rising to 2,469,839 thousand by 2024. This progression indicates an overall enhancement in the company's value creation capacity.
- Invested Capital
-
Invested capital showed consistent growth throughout the period, expanding from 1,866,365 thousand US dollars in 2020 to 5,869,309 thousand in 2024. The increase was particularly pronounced between 2021 and 2023, where the capital invested surged by approximately 2.9 billion US dollars, reflecting significant reinvestment or asset acquisition. The upward trend suggests ongoing business expansion or strategic investment initiatives aimed at generating future returns.
- Economic Spread Ratio
-
The economic spread ratio fluctuated over the five years but showed an overall upward trend. Beginning at 20.44% in 2020, it climbed notably to 38.03% in 2021. Despite a decline to 22.99% in 2022, the ratio recovered to 27.46% in 2023 and surged again to 42.08% by 2024. This ratio's pattern implies that the company improved its ability to generate returns above its cost of capital, especially in the latest periods.
- Summary and Insights
-
The company demonstrated significant growth in both economic profit and invested capital, with economic profit rising at a faster pace in the latter years. The initial rapid increase in economic profit between 2020 and 2021 and subsequent rebound after a slight dip in 2022 underscore resilience and operational efficiency. The continuous rise in invested capital reflects strategic expansion, which appears to be effectively translating into higher economic returns, as indicated by the increasing economic spread ratio. The improvements in economic spread imply efficient capital utilization and potential strengthening of competitive positioning. Overall, the data suggests progressive value creation supported by expanding asset base and enhanced profitability margins.
Economic Profit Margin
Arista Networks Inc., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Revenue | ||||||
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | ||||||
| Adjusted revenue | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Apple Inc. | ||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | ||||||
| Dell Technologies Inc. | ||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2024 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenue
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit demonstrated a consistent upward trend over the five-year period. Starting at 381,530 thousand US dollars in 2020, it nearly doubled by 2021 to 718,813 thousand US dollars. Although a slight decrease was observed in 2022 to 711,665 thousand US dollars, economic profit significantly increased again in the following years, reaching 1,311,307 thousand US dollars in 2023 and further rising to 2,469,839 thousand US dollars in 2024. This pattern indicates a strong improvement in the company’s ability to generate returns above its cost of capital over time.
- Adjusted Revenue
- Adjusted revenue exhibited a robust expansion across the period analyzed. Beginning at 2,393,051 thousand US dollars in 2020, it increased progressively each year to reach 3,226,522 thousand US dollars in 2021 and 4,493,244 thousand US dollars in 2022. The growth accelerated in 2023, with revenue climbing to 6,325,126 thousand US dollars and continued this upward trajectory into 2024, peaking at 8,288,357 thousand US dollars. This steady and substantial revenue growth reflects expanding business operations and increased market demand or market share.
- Economic Profit Margin
- The economic profit margin displayed fluctuations but trended generally upward. Starting at 15.94% in 2020, it increased to 22.28% in 2021 before dropping to 15.84% in 2022. The margin rebounded in 2023 to 20.73% and notably increased to 29.8% by 2024. These variations suggest periods of changing efficiency or cost structure impacts, but the overall rise indicates improving profitability relative to revenue over time. The substantial margin expansion in the last year points to enhanced operational leverage or improved cost management.