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Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) indicates what should be the expected or required rate of return on risky assets like salesforce.com inc.’s common stock.
Rates of Return
salesforce.com inc., monthly rates of return
| salesforce.com inc. (CRM) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PriceCRM,t1 | DividendCRM,t1 | RCRM,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| Feb 28, 2014 | ||||||
| 1. | Mar 31, 2014 | |||||
| 2. | Apr 30, 2014 | |||||
| 3. | May 31, 2014 | |||||
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 70. | Dec 31, 2019 | |||||
| 71. | Jan 31, 2020 | |||||
| Average: | ||||||
| Standard deviation: | ||||||
| salesforce.com inc. (CRM) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PriceCRM,t1 | DividendCRM,t1 | RCRM,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| Feb 28, 2014 | ||||||
| 1. | Mar 31, 2014 | |||||
| 2. | Apr 30, 2014 | |||||
| 3. | May 31, 2014 | |||||
| 4. | Jun 30, 2014 | |||||
| 5. | Jul 31, 2014 | |||||
| 6. | Aug 31, 2014 | |||||
| 7. | Sep 30, 2014 | |||||
| 8. | Oct 31, 2014 | |||||
| 9. | Nov 30, 2014 | |||||
| 10. | Dec 31, 2014 | |||||
| 11. | Jan 31, 2015 | |||||
| 12. | Feb 28, 2015 | |||||
| 13. | Mar 31, 2015 | |||||
| 14. | Apr 30, 2015 | |||||
| 15. | May 31, 2015 | |||||
| 16. | Jun 30, 2015 | |||||
| 17. | Jul 31, 2015 | |||||
| 18. | Aug 31, 2015 | |||||
| 19. | Sep 30, 2015 | |||||
| 20. | Oct 31, 2015 | |||||
| 21. | Nov 30, 2015 | |||||
| 22. | Dec 31, 2015 | |||||
| 23. | Jan 31, 2016 | |||||
| 24. | Feb 29, 2016 | |||||
| 25. | Mar 31, 2016 | |||||
| 26. | Apr 30, 2016 | |||||
| 27. | May 31, 2016 | |||||
| 28. | Jun 30, 2016 | |||||
| 29. | Jul 31, 2016 | |||||
| 30. | Aug 31, 2016 | |||||
| 31. | Sep 30, 2016 | |||||
| 32. | Oct 31, 2016 | |||||
| 33. | Nov 30, 2016 | |||||
| 34. | Dec 31, 2016 | |||||
| 35. | Jan 31, 2017 | |||||
| 36. | Feb 28, 2017 | |||||
| 37. | Mar 31, 2017 | |||||
| 38. | Apr 30, 2017 | |||||
| 39. | May 31, 2017 | |||||
| 40. | Jun 30, 2017 | |||||
| 41. | Jul 31, 2017 | |||||
| 42. | Aug 31, 2017 | |||||
| 43. | Sep 30, 2017 | |||||
| 44. | Oct 31, 2017 | |||||
| 45. | Nov 30, 2017 | |||||
| 46. | Dec 31, 2017 | |||||
| 47. | Jan 31, 2018 | |||||
| 48. | Feb 28, 2018 | |||||
| 49. | Mar 31, 2018 | |||||
| 50. | Apr 30, 2018 | |||||
| 51. | May 31, 2018 | |||||
| 52. | Jun 30, 2018 | |||||
| 53. | Jul 31, 2018 | |||||
| 54. | Aug 31, 2018 | |||||
| 55. | Sep 30, 2018 | |||||
| 56. | Oct 31, 2018 | |||||
| 57. | Nov 30, 2018 | |||||
| 58. | Dec 31, 2018 | |||||
| 59. | Jan 31, 2019 | |||||
| 60. | Feb 28, 2019 | |||||
| 61. | Mar 31, 2019 | |||||
| 62. | Apr 30, 2019 | |||||
| 63. | May 31, 2019 | |||||
| 64. | Jun 30, 2019 | |||||
| 65. | Jul 31, 2019 | |||||
| 66. | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||
| 67. | Sep 30, 2019 | |||||
| 68. | Oct 31, 2019 | |||||
| 69. | Nov 30, 2019 | |||||
| 70. | Dec 31, 2019 | |||||
| 71. | Jan 31, 2020 | |||||
| Average: | ||||||
| Standard deviation: | ||||||
Show all
1 Data in US$ per share of common stock, adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Rate of return on common stock of CRM during period t
3 Rate of return on S&P 500 (the market portfolio proxy) during period t
Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
| VarianceCRM | |
| VarianceS&P 500 | |
| CovarianceCRM, S&P 500 | |
| Correlation coefficientCRM, S&P 5001 | |
| βCRM2 | |
| αCRM3 |
Calculations
1 Correlation coefficientCRM, S&P 500
= CovarianceCRM, S&P 500 ÷ (Standard deviationCRM × Standard deviationS&P 500)
= ÷ ( × )
2 βCRM
= CovarianceCRM, S&P 500 ÷ VarianceS&P 500
= ÷
3 αCRM
= AverageCRM – βCRM × AverageS&P 500
= – ×
Expected Rate of Return
| Assumptions | ||
| Rate of return on LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | |
| Expected rate of return on market portfolio2 | E(RM) | |
| Systematic risk (β) of salesforce.com inc.’s common stock | βCRM | |
| Expected rate of return on salesforce.com inc.’s common stock3 | E(RCRM) | |
1 Unweighted average of bid yields on all outstanding fixed-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds neither due or callable in less than 10 years (risk-free rate of return proxy).
3 E(RCRM) = RF + βCRM [E(RM) – RF]
= + [ – ]
=