Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Quarterly Data
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Visa Inc., historical price multiples (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Visa Inc. P/E ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Visa Inc. P/OP ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Visa Inc. P/S ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Visa Inc. P/BV ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then decreased significantly from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Visa Inc., historical P/E calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 2,049,144,694 | 2,056,534,594 | 2,061,687,546 | 2,068,830,747 | 2,083,165,890 | 2,096,816,828 | 2,108,549,451 | 2,126,817,068 | 2,132,793,354 | 2,137,275,668 | 2,133,541,039 | 2,127,865,329 | 2,129,019,050 | 2,148,320,212 | 2,155,629,545 | 2,172,829,037 | 2,185,386,084 | 2,197,061,561 | 2,206,760,802 | 2,225,114,952 | 2,239,792,977 | 2,256,905,334 | 2,268,806,703 | 2,286,765,435 | 2,305,667,288 | 2,320,720,130 | ||||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (in millions) | 4,257) | 4,179) | 3,940) | 3,411) | 3,647) | 3,959) | 3,584) | 2,575) | 3,026) | 3,126) | 2,137) | 2,373) | 3,084) | 3,272) | 3,025) | 3,101) | 2,977) | 2,977) | 2,845) | 2,329) | 2,605) | 2,522) | 2,140) | 2,059) | 430) | 2,070) | ||||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS)2 | 7.70 | 7.38 | 7.25 | 7.06 | 6.61 | 6.27 | 5.84 | 5.11 | 5.00 | 5.02 | 5.09 | 5.52 | 5.86 | 5.76 | 5.60 | 5.48 | 5.09 | 4.90 | 4.67 | 4.31 | 4.16 | 3.17 | 2.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 229.01 | 231.44 | 210.14 | 211.35 | 220.66 | 228.00 | 203.33 | 247.92 | 236.86 | 193.25 | 207.57 | 190.40 | 176.15 | 198.97 | 179.75 | 183.69 | 162.93 | 135.01 | 140.18 | 140.71 | 126.01 | 125.72 | 109.82 | 98.11 | 91.15 | 82.30 | ||||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/E ratio4 | 29.73 | 31.36 | 28.97 | 29.95 | 33.39 | 36.37 | 34.83 | 48.53 | 47.38 | 38.53 | 40.76 | 34.47 | 30.05 | 34.54 | 32.08 | 33.54 | 32.00 | 27.58 | 30.03 | 32.63 | 30.26 | 39.68 | 37.19 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 24.73 | 23.64 | 22.93 | 27.30 | 31.69 | 40.88 | 36.58 | 32.02 | 31.11 | 31.97 | 28.32 | 27.95 | 20.33 | 27.24 | 24.58 | 24.95 | 25.00 | 21.74 | 24.10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Adobe Inc. | 45.30 | 36.72 | 33.15 | 27.18 | 35.27 | 45.03 | 48.90 | 47.07 | 49.98 | 40.82 | 41.69 | 58.43 | 55.97 | 45.60 | 57.17 | 49.46 | 52.86 | 47.73 | 46.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | 63.16 | 62.36 | 71.56 | 95.23 | 20.78 | 22.19 | 19.40 | 23.26 | 23.99 | 23.63 | 19.30 | 12.46 | 14.07 | 12.44 | 13.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 59.38 | 56.80 | 57.31 | 40.47 | 63.28 | 85.13 | 75.17 | 56.40 | 62.56 | 48.28 | 49.52 | 56.56 | 45.75 | 44.67 | 48.17 | 37.91 | 44.17 | 40.14 | 46.88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 26.71 | 26.77 | 28.34 | 27.89 | 30.38 | 34.30 | 35.14 | 35.22 | 34.15 | 33.95 | 35.04 | 29.08 | 28.84 | 25.48 | 26.86 | 27.43 | 24.33 | 41.74 | 50.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 24.69 | 35.29 | 26.85 | 27.46 | 26.70 | 17.45 | 15.84 | 15.15 | 17.19 | 17.88 | 16.69 | 14.05 | 15.99 | 16.13 | 16.89 | 17.00 | 41.89 | 48.26 | 45.90 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 1,656.40 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 324.46 | 174.67 | 135.68 | 147.95 | 110.94 | 48.91 | 48.20 | 58.10 | 104.23 | — | 1,204.70 | 188.52 | 139.92 | 106.17 | 107.70 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | 80.21 | 231.71 | 284.28 | 417.74 | 479.20 | 452.04 | 487.70 | 620.23 | 681.34 | 654.66 | 978.47 | 142.19 | 113.61 | 99.10 | 106.89 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 67.52 | 57.28 | 51.76 | 53.76 | 46.52 | 48.45 | 73.37 | 64.13 | 45.71 | 56.52 | 55.92 | 51.53 | 54.36 | 46.45 | 39.55 | 32.80 | 28.89 | 26.11 | 29.60 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2023 Calculation
EPS
= (Net incomeQ2 2023
+ Net incomeQ1 2023
+ Net incomeQ4 2022
+ Net incomeQ3 2022)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (4,257,000,000 + 4,179,000,000 + 3,940,000,000 + 3,411,000,000)
÷ 2,049,144,694 = 7.70
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Visa Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2023 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= 229.01 ÷ 7.70 = 29.73
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Visa Inc. P/E ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Visa Inc., historical P/OP calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 2,049,144,694 | 2,056,534,594 | 2,061,687,546 | 2,068,830,747 | 2,083,165,890 | 2,096,816,828 | 2,108,549,451 | 2,126,817,068 | 2,132,793,354 | 2,137,275,668 | 2,133,541,039 | 2,127,865,329 | 2,129,019,050 | 2,148,320,212 | 2,155,629,545 | 2,172,829,037 | 2,185,386,084 | 2,197,061,561 | 2,206,760,802 | 2,225,114,952 | 2,239,792,977 | 2,256,905,334 | 2,268,806,703 | 2,286,765,435 | 2,305,667,288 | 2,320,720,130 | ||||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (in millions) | 5,336) | 5,090) | 5,087) | 4,148) | 4,802) | 4,776) | 4,315) | 4,064) | 3,581) | 3,844) | 3,142) | 2,999) | 3,924) | 4,016) | 3,735) | 3,908) | 3,641) | 3,717) | 3,406) | 2,885) | 3,336) | 3,327) | 3,212) | 3,024) | 2,808) | 3,100) | ||||||||
| Operating profit per share2 | 9.59 | 9.30 | 9.13 | 8.72 | 8.62 | 7.98 | 7.50 | 6.88 | 6.36 | 6.51 | 6.60 | 6.90 | 7.32 | 7.12 | 6.96 | 6.75 | 6.25 | 6.07 | 5.87 | 5.73 | 5.76 | 5.48 | 5.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 229.01 | 231.44 | 210.14 | 211.35 | 220.66 | 228.00 | 203.33 | 247.92 | 236.86 | 193.25 | 207.57 | 190.40 | 176.15 | 198.97 | 179.75 | 183.69 | 162.93 | 135.01 | 140.18 | 140.71 | 126.01 | 125.72 | 109.82 | 98.11 | 91.15 | 82.30 | ||||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/OP ratio4 | 23.87 | 24.88 | 23.03 | 24.24 | 25.60 | 28.57 | 27.13 | 36.04 | 37.24 | 29.70 | 31.45 | 27.61 | 24.07 | 27.94 | 25.83 | 27.20 | 26.09 | 22.23 | 23.88 | 24.54 | 21.88 | 22.94 | 20.52 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 18.24 | 17.50 | 16.83 | 19.98 | 23.62 | 31.03 | 28.35 | 25.67 | 24.96 | 25.29 | 22.21 | 21.16 | 15.44 | 20.55 | 18.63 | 18.87 | 18.37 | 15.30 | 16.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Adobe Inc. | 35.47 | 28.49 | 25.85 | 21.47 | 28.50 | 36.67 | 40.64 | 49.83 | 54.24 | 47.80 | 51.75 | 56.53 | 54.83 | 41.99 | 51.63 | 45.51 | 48.61 | 45.19 | 42.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | 15.22 | 13.98 | 14.35 | 15.37 | 15.24 | 17.07 | 16.23 | 19.92 | 19.33 | 17.63 | 15.90 | 10.75 | 12.76 | 12.48 | 11.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 43.34 | 43.50 | 46.05 | 33.22 | 53.54 | 71.64 | 62.00 | 46.48 | 52.54 | 39.99 | 41.56 | 49.11 | 39.04 | 37.66 | 40.45 | 32.48 | 37.00 | 32.80 | 37.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 21.76 | 22.07 | 24.72 | 24.66 | 27.51 | 31.35 | 30.79 | 30.72 | 29.13 | 28.71 | 29.30 | 25.90 | 25.91 | 22.91 | 24.54 | 23.40 | 20.99 | 21.05 | 23.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 15.50 | 20.25 | 16.51 | 18.93 | 24.87 | 15.78 | 14.31 | 12.98 | 12.20 | 12.88 | 12.17 | 10.92 | 12.75 | 12.96 | 13.83 | 13.38 | 12.20 | 13.73 | 12.83 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 2,480.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 2,318.80 | 818.64 | 357.52 | 280.57 | 236.57 | 228.93 | 431.39 | 914.43 | 3,682.10 | — | 511.08 | 295.22 | 267.46 | 221.93 | 223.46 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | 225.28 | 224.96 | 260.26 | 357.30 | 404.46 | 408.11 | 436.46 | 570.38 | 493.80 | 404.36 | 583.07 | 475.62 | 421.22 | 625.53 | 1,590.30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 62.50 | 50.41 | 43.85 | 48.91 | 42.54 | 47.17 | 75.64 | 65.25 | 49.28 | 59.98 | 59.90 | 58.40 | 54.81 | 48.73 | 40.48 | 45.42 | 45.04 | 38.51 | 35.54 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2023 Calculation
Operating profit per share
= (Operating incomeQ2 2023
+ Operating incomeQ1 2023
+ Operating incomeQ4 2022
+ Operating incomeQ3 2022)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (5,336,000,000 + 5,090,000,000 + 5,087,000,000 + 4,148,000,000)
÷ 2,049,144,694 = 9.59
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Visa Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2023 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= 229.01 ÷ 9.59 = 23.87
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Visa Inc. P/OP ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Visa Inc., historical P/S calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 2,049,144,694 | 2,056,534,594 | 2,061,687,546 | 2,068,830,747 | 2,083,165,890 | 2,096,816,828 | 2,108,549,451 | 2,126,817,068 | 2,132,793,354 | 2,137,275,668 | 2,133,541,039 | 2,127,865,329 | 2,129,019,050 | 2,148,320,212 | 2,155,629,545 | 2,172,829,037 | 2,185,386,084 | 2,197,061,561 | 2,206,760,802 | 2,225,114,952 | 2,239,792,977 | 2,256,905,334 | 2,268,806,703 | 2,286,765,435 | 2,305,667,288 | 2,320,720,130 | ||||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues (in millions) | 7,985) | 7,936) | 7,787) | 7,275) | 7,189) | 7,059) | 6,559) | 6,130) | 5,729) | 5,687) | 5,101) | 4,837) | 5,854) | 6,054) | 6,137) | 5,840) | 5,494) | 5,506) | 5,434) | 5,240) | 5,073) | 4,862) | 4,855) | 4,565) | 4,477) | 4,461) | ||||||||
| Sales per share2 | 15.12 | 14.68 | 14.22 | 13.57 | 12.93 | 12.15 | 11.43 | 10.65 | 10.01 | 10.05 | 10.24 | 10.75 | 11.22 | 10.95 | 10.66 | 10.25 | 9.92 | 9.67 | 9.34 | 9.00 | 8.64 | 8.31 | 8.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 229.01 | 231.44 | 210.14 | 211.35 | 220.66 | 228.00 | 203.33 | 247.92 | 236.86 | 193.25 | 207.57 | 190.40 | 176.15 | 198.97 | 179.75 | 183.69 | 162.93 | 135.01 | 140.18 | 140.71 | 126.01 | 125.72 | 109.82 | 98.11 | 91.15 | 82.30 | ||||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/S ratio4 | 15.15 | 15.77 | 14.78 | 15.57 | 17.06 | 18.76 | 17.79 | 23.28 | 23.66 | 19.23 | 20.27 | 17.71 | 15.70 | 18.17 | 16.86 | 17.92 | 16.43 | 13.96 | 15.01 | 15.63 | 14.58 | 15.13 | 13.57 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 2.72 | 2.67 | 2.56 | 3.04 | 3.57 | 4.72 | 4.28 | 3.86 | 3.72 | 3.75 | 3.26 | 3.11 | 2.26 | 3.01 | 2.72 | 2.73 | 2.63 | 2.17 | 2.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Adobe Inc. | 11.93 | 9.66 | 8.95 | 7.61 | 10.33 | 13.47 | 14.94 | 18.20 | 19.39 | 16.61 | 17.04 | 18.15 | 17.19 | 12.64 | 15.11 | 12.91 | 13.88 | 13.40 | 13.23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | 2.11 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 1.99 | 1.95 | 2.10 | 1.94 | 1.82 | 1.96 | 1.83 | 1.47 | 1.31 | 1.47 | 1.46 | 1.63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 8.44 | 8.01 | 9.30 | 7.87 | 12.04 | 17.26 | 16.09 | 13.50 | 14.16 | 12.12 | 11.78 | 11.03 | 10.47 | 10.18 | 11.05 | 9.23 | 10.11 | 8.31 | 9.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 8.83 | 9.20 | 10.40 | 10.50 | 11.70 | 13.21 | 12.81 | 12.33 | 11.43 | 10.96 | 10.85 | 9.70 | 9.52 | 8.07 | 8.38 | 7.84 | 6.89 | 6.84 | 7.51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Oracle Corp. | 4.71 | 4.64 | 4.25 | 4.96 | 6.62 | 5.96 | 5.38 | 4.90 | 4.53 | 4.67 | 4.33 | 3.80 | 4.42 | 4.47 | 4.74 | 4.61 | 4.19 | 4.70 | 4.41 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 9.23 | 8.70 | 9.62 | 9.22 | 9.68 | 11.48 | 10.72 | 8.85 | 9.71 | 7.64 | 6.66 | 7.03 | 6.29 | 7.16 | 7.06 | 7.13 | 9.22 | 6.77 | 9.75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 5.93 | 6.27 | 7.40 | 10.30 | 11.09 | 9.72 | 9.24 | 10.19 | 12.73 | 8.72 | 8.88 | 8.75 | 9.02 | 8.77 | 9.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | 14.25 | 12.17 | 12.75 | 12.13 | 13.36 | 16.11 | 19.02 | 24.74 | 22.46 | 20.63 | 25.66 | 23.60 | 20.92 | 18.03 | 19.36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 11.75 | 10.44 | 10.03 | 11.21 | 9.86 | 9.78 | 13.22 | 11.85 | 9.27 | 10.69 | 10.08 | 9.21 | 7.59 | 6.65 | 6.27 | 6.21 | 5.41 | 4.85 | 4.10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2023 Calculation
Sales per share
= (Net revenuesQ2 2023
+ Net revenuesQ1 2023
+ Net revenuesQ4 2022
+ Net revenuesQ3 2022)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= (7,985,000,000 + 7,936,000,000 + 7,787,000,000 + 7,275,000,000)
÷ 2,049,144,694 = 15.12
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Visa Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2023 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= 229.01 ÷ 15.12 = 15.15
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Visa Inc. P/S ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then slightly decreased from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 not reaching Q4 2022 level. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Visa Inc., historical P/BV calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 2,049,144,694 | 2,056,534,594 | 2,061,687,546 | 2,068,830,747 | 2,083,165,890 | 2,096,816,828 | 2,108,549,451 | 2,126,817,068 | 2,132,793,354 | 2,137,275,668 | 2,133,541,039 | 2,127,865,329 | 2,129,019,050 | 2,148,320,212 | 2,155,629,545 | 2,172,829,037 | 2,185,386,084 | 2,197,061,561 | 2,206,760,802 | 2,225,114,952 | 2,239,792,977 | 2,256,905,334 | 2,268,806,703 | 2,286,765,435 | 2,305,667,288 | 2,320,720,130 | ||||||||
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity (in millions) | 38,565) | 36,924) | 35,581) | 35,483) | 35,989) | 36,194) | 37,589) | 37,790) | 37,696) | 37,679) | 36,210) | 35,524) | 34,585) | 35,270) | 34,684) | 34,995) | 34,275) | 34,095) | 34,006) | 33,318) | 34,103) | 33,401) | 32,760) | 31,944) | 30,783) | 31,726) | ||||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS)2 | 18.82 | 17.95 | 17.26 | 17.15 | 17.28 | 17.26 | 17.83 | 17.77 | 17.67 | 17.63 | 16.97 | 16.69 | 16.24 | 16.42 | 16.09 | 16.11 | 15.68 | 15.52 | 15.41 | 14.97 | 15.23 | 14.80 | 14.44 | 13.97 | 13.35 | 13.67 | ||||||||
| Share price1, 3 | 229.01 | 231.44 | 210.14 | 211.35 | 220.66 | 228.00 | 203.33 | 247.92 | 236.86 | 193.25 | 207.57 | 190.40 | 176.15 | 198.97 | 179.75 | 183.69 | 162.93 | 135.01 | 140.18 | 140.71 | 126.01 | 125.72 | 109.82 | 98.11 | 91.15 | 82.30 | ||||||||
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/BV ratio4 | 12.17 | 12.89 | 12.18 | 12.32 | 12.77 | 13.21 | 11.41 | 13.95 | 13.40 | 10.96 | 12.23 | 11.40 | 10.84 | 12.12 | 11.17 | 11.41 | 10.39 | 8.70 | 9.10 | 9.40 | 8.28 | 8.49 | 7.61 | 7.02 | 6.83 | 6.02 | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accenture PLC | 7.22 | 7.26 | 7.13 | 8.46 | 9.85 | 12.45 | 11.06 | 9.57 | 9.27 | 9.38 | 8.51 | 8.64 | 6.53 | 8.73 | 8.15 | 8.50 | 8.38 | 7.22 | 9.44 | 10.77 | 9.99 | 10.78 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Adobe Inc. | 14.82 | 12.24 | 11.22 | 9.10 | 12.33 | 15.78 | 15.94 | 19.07 | 20.14 | 16.77 | 16.53 | 19.27 | 19.03 | 14.08 | 16.03 | 13.41 | 14.11 | 12.97 | 12.76 | 14.79 | 13.37 | 12.12 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| International Business Machines Corp. | 5.76 | 5.29 | 5.34 | 5.99 | 5.98 | 6.43 | 5.90 | 4.99 | 5.83 | 5.93 | 5.24 | 4.65 | 5.39 | 5.61 | 6.04 | 6.67 | 7.52 | 7.55 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Intuit Inc. | 7.29 | 6.64 | 7.20 | 5.97 | 8.81 | 18.30 | 15.71 | 12.05 | 12.32 | 18.11 | 17.71 | 15.95 | 20.02 | 19.43 | 20.00 | 15.37 | 23.25 | 18.21 | 24.12 | 20.68 | 38.10 | 33.53 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Microsoft Corp. | 9.84 | 10.77 | 12.38 | 12.40 | 13.52 | 15.32 | 15.16 | 14.67 | 13.45 | 13.07 | 13.11 | 11.75 | 11.61 | 9.87 | 10.30 | 10.10 | 8.86 | 9.14 | 10.02 | 9.14 | 9.34 | 6.78 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Oracle Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41.57 | 21.84 | 22.54 | 19.31 | 14.01 | 10.62 | 11.23 | 9.59 | 8.59 | 7.70 | 5.45 | 4.92 | 3.84 | 4.02 | 3.54 | 3.60 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 77.94 | 99.68 | 251.98 | 141.27 | 399.29 | 100.84 | 71.88 | 35.40 | 35.42 | 36.65 | 20.61 | 30.82 | 12.21 | 14.24 | 12.91 | 13.49 | 22.29 | 13.10 | 22.92 | 26.22 | 25.13 | 20.63 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Salesforce Inc. | 2.89 | 2.98 | 3.37 | 4.51 | 4.70 | 5.10 | 4.73 | 5.13 | 6.42 | 4.60 | 4.48 | 4.17 | 7.74 | 7.48 | 7.66 | 7.32 | 8.54 | 8.58 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| ServiceNow Inc. | 16.49 | 16.55 | 18.36 | 18.56 | 21.02 | 25.22 | 30.36 | 38.72 | 35.47 | 32.82 | 40.91 | 37.26 | 33.38 | 29.58 | 31.48 | 31.83 | 38.92 | 41.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Synopsys Inc. | 10.66 | 9.58 | 9.24 | 9.90 | 8.43 | 8.17 | 10.50 | 9.38 | 7.26 | 8.37 | 7.57 | 7.04 | 6.04 | 5.41 | 5.16 | 5.22 | 4.47 | 4.08 | 3.68 | 4.81 | 4.04 | 4.04 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-03-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2023 Calculation
BVPS = Equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 38,565,000,000 ÷ 2,049,144,694 = 18.82
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Visa Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2023 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= 229.01 ÷ 18.82 = 12.17
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Visa Inc. P/BV ratio increased from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 but then decreased significantly from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023. |