Activity ratios measure how efficiently a company performs day-to-day tasks, such us the collection of receivables and management of inventory.
Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
The analysis of the financial ratios over the observed periods reveals varying trends in the company's operational efficiency and liquidity management.
- Receivables Turnover
- The receivables turnover ratio demonstrates fluctuations throughout the periods. Initially, it increased from 7.04 to a peak near 9.28 during late 2021 and early 2022, indicating a faster collection of receivables. However, post this peak, a gradual decline is noted, with the ratio slipping to approximately 6.67 by mid-2025. This trend suggests that the efficiency of collecting accounts receivable improved initially but weakened in the later periods.
- Payables Turnover
- The payables turnover ratio displayed significant variability, starting from 12.46 and reaching highs of around 14.72 in late 2020, then experiencing a downward trend with sharp drops in several instances, notably towards the end of the timeline where it fell to as low as 2.18 by mid-2025. This downward movement implies an elongation in the time taken to pay suppliers, possibly reflective of shifting working capital management strategies or liquidity challenges.
- Working Capital Turnover
- Working capital turnover ratios were mostly steady in the initial periods, ranging between 1.12 and 3.86. However, a significant outlier appears in mid-2025 with an anomalously high value of 113.15, which may indicate an isolated accounting event or data irregularity rather than an operational trend. Overall, excluding the spike, the ratios suggest moderate efficiency in using working capital to generate revenue.
- Average Receivable Collection Period
- The average receivable collection period in days presents a relatively stable pattern, fluctuating between approximately 39 and 55 days throughout the timeline. No extreme deviations are observed, pointing to consistent collection practices over time. Slight increases in the later periods (above 50 days) could hint at a modest decline in collection efficiency.
- Average Payables Payment Period
- The average payables payment period exhibits more volatility. Starting at 29 days, it decreased to as low as 25 days in late 2019 but then generally increased, peaking dramatically at 167 days by mid-2025. This suggests a trend of extending payment terms to suppliers, potentially to preserve liquidity or due to altered supplier agreements. The sharp uptick towards the end signals a notable shift in payables management.
In summary, the data indicates that while receivables management initially improved, it regressed slightly in later periods. Conversely, payables management has shown significant elongation, possibly as a liquidity management strategy. Working capital turnover remained stable with one exceptional spike that warrants further investigation. The average collection period remained stable, but the average payment period's sharp increase toward the end suggests a strategic alteration in supplier payment practices.
Turnover Ratios
Average No. Days
Receivables Turnover
Aug 31, 2025 | May 31, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 30, 2024 | Aug 31, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Feb 29, 2024 | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 31, 2023 | May 31, 2023 | Feb 28, 2023 | Nov 30, 2022 | Aug 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | Feb 28, 2022 | Nov 30, 2021 | Aug 31, 2021 | May 31, 2021 | Feb 28, 2021 | Nov 30, 2020 | Aug 31, 2020 | May 31, 2020 | Feb 29, 2020 | Nov 30, 2019 | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | 14,926) | 15,903) | 14,130) | 14,059) | 13,307) | 14,287) | 13,280) | 12,941) | 12,453) | 13,836) | 12,398) | 12,275) | 11,445) | 11,839) | 10,513) | 10,360) | 9,728) | 11,227) | 10,085) | 9,800) | 9,367) | 10,440) | 9,796) | 9,614) | 9,218) | ||||||||
Trade receivables, net of allowances for credit losses | 8,843) | 8,558) | 8,051) | 8,177) | 8,021) | 7,874) | 7,297) | 6,804) | 6,519) | 6,915) | 6,213) | 6,197) | 5,937) | 5,953) | 4,588) | 4,462) | 4,482) | 5,409) | 4,637) | 4,423) | 4,576) | 5,551) | 4,162) | 4,050) | 3,820) | ||||||||
Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receivables turnover1 | 6.67 | 6.71 | 6.93 | 6.72 | 6.71 | 6.73 | 7.20 | 7.59 | 7.82 | 7.22 | 7.72 | 7.43 | 7.44 | 7.13 | 9.12 | 9.28 | 9.11 | 7.48 | 8.56 | 8.91 | 8.57 | 7.04 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receivables Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adobe Inc. | — | — | 11.08 | 13.03 | 11.17 | 10.38 | 11.62 | 12.67 | 9.69 | 8.73 | 10.20 | 10.94 | 9.99 | 8.53 | 9.98 | 10.51 | 9.58 | 8.41 | 9.77 | 9.74 | 9.00 | 9.20 | 9.44 | 8.82 | 8.40 | ||||||||
Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | — | 7.59 | 8.39 | 6.82 | 7.76 | 7.37 | 10.46 | 8.36 | 9.19 | 8.62 | 7.54 | 7.32 | 8.78 | 8.38 | 8.72 | 8.85 | 9.09 | 7.41 | 7.21 | 7.93 | — | — | — | ||||||||
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 5.11 | 3.50 | 4.60 | 5.32 | 4.67 | 3.58 | 5.07 | 4.90 | 5.30 | 3.58 | 4.19 | 4.38 | 4.43 | 3.94 | 4.54 | 4.27 | 4.73 | 3.66 | 4.41 | 4.38 | 3.91 | 2.92 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 4.99 | 5.78 | 4.48 | 5.21 | 4.49 | 5.01 | 4.18 | 5.01 | 5.70 | 4.89 | 4.19 | 4.39 | 4.47 | 4.33 | 3.83 | 3.92 | 4.06 | 4.35 | 3.69 | — | — | — | ||||||||
International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | — | 10.72 | 10.73 | 9.22 | 11.61 | 10.81 | 10.27 | 8.57 | 11.48 | 10.67 | 10.52 | 9.25 | 10.95 | 10.17 | 9.79 | 8.49 | 9.23 | 9.57 | 10.72 | 10.32 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Intuit Inc. | — | 35.53 | 25.12 | 16.88 | 38.94 | 35.63 | 20.02 | 16.27 | 39.65 | 35.48 | 19.62 | 15.15 | 34.68 | 28.53 | 17.44 | 12.84 | 25.10 | 24.64 | 16.04 | 16.60 | 79.16 | 51.54 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Microsoft Corp. | — | 4.03 | 5.22 | 5.43 | 5.76 | 4.31 | 5.37 | 5.31 | 5.91 | 4.35 | 5.55 | 5.70 | 6.49 | 4.48 | 5.90 | 5.52 | 6.44 | 4.42 | 6.08 | 5.61 | 6.44 | 4.47 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 4.60 | 4.30 | 4.98 | 3.96 | 3.76 | 4.79 | 6.10 | 4.94 | 5.44 | 7.81 | 7.38 | 5.33 | 6.56 | 6.42 | 8.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 3.11 | 4.55 | 5.73 | 7.32 | 3.07 | 4.54 | 3.97 | 5.10 | 2.80 | 4.50 | 4.82 | 4.70 | 2.57 | 4.17 | 5.10 | 5.61 | 3.43 | 5.20 | 5.65 | 5.30 | 3.29 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Salesforce Inc. | 8.86 | 3.17 | 7.84 | 6.76 | 8.36 | 3.05 | 7.00 | 6.12 | 6.95 | 2.92 | 7.09 | 6.18 | 7.07 | 2.72 | 6.22 | 5.78 | 7.04 | 2.73 | 6.12 | 5.63 | 5.93 | 2.77 | — | — | — | ||||||||
ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 7.11 | 8.44 | 4.90 | 8.00 | 6.56 | 7.26 | 4.41 | 7.26 | 7.33 | 6.87 | 4.20 | 7.71 | 7.74 | 7.59 | 4.24 | 7.13 | 6.62 | 7.49 | 4.48 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 4.62 | 6.21 | 6.80 | 6.56 | 7.56 | 7.25 | 5.63 | 6.17 | 8.29 | 6.78 | 5.00 | 6.38 | 7.25 | 6.58 | 4.34 | 7.40 | 7.06 | 6.51 | 4.84 | 4.72 | 5.50 | 5.36 | 4.22 | ||||||||
Workday Inc. | 6.38 | 4.33 | 5.81 | 6.09 | 6.68 | 4.43 | 5.70 | 5.28 | 5.94 | 3.96 | 5.71 | 5.13 | 6.94 | 4.14 | 5.66 | 5.35 | 6.91 | 4.18 | 5.60 | 5.75 | 6.54 | 4.13 | — | — | — |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
1 Q1 2026 Calculation
Receivables turnover
= (RevenuesQ1 2026
+ RevenuesQ4 2025
+ RevenuesQ3 2025
+ RevenuesQ2 2025)
÷ Trade receivables, net of allowances for credit losses
= (14,926 + 15,903 + 14,130 + 14,059)
÷ 8,843 = 6.67
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The revenue figures exhibit varying fluctuations over the examined quarters, demonstrating an overall upward trend with some periods of decline. Notably, revenues increased steadily from August 2019 through May 2020, peaking at 10,440 million US dollars. However, this was followed by a dip in August 2020 to 9,367 million, before recovering and surpassing previous highs by May 2023, reaching 13,836 million. The highest revenue point appears in May 2025 at 15,903 million US dollars, indicating strong growth over the long term despite intermittent declines.
Trade receivables, net of allowances for credit losses, show significant volatility throughout the timeline. There is a noticeable jump in May 2020 and May 2022, which closely corresponds with the revenue increases in those periods. The receivables increase from 3,820 million in August 2019 to a high of 8,843 million in August 2025, nearly doubling over the span. This trend suggests that as revenues grew, the company extended more credit to its customers or experienced delays in collections.
The receivables turnover ratio, available from May 2020 onwards, shows some fluctuations around a mean range between approximately 6.6 and 9.3 times. The highest turnover ratio of 9.28 occurred in February 2022, indicating efficient collection of receivables during that quarter. However, turnover ratios generally trended downward after November 2021, reaching ratios close to 6.67–6.93 in the later periods, which may imply a slight decline in collection efficiency despite increasing receivables balances.
- Revenues
- Overall growth with intermittent dips; highest point in May 2025 (15,903 million USD).
- Trade Receivables
- Substantial increase over the analyzed period, nearly doubling from August 2019 to August 2025, reflecting higher credit extension or slower collections.
- Receivables Turnover Ratio
- Fluctuating efficiency with peak management in early 2022; recent trends suggest declining turnover, indicating potential collection challenges.
In summary, the company’s revenue growth is accompanied by increasing trade receivables, while the receivables turnover ratio points to some variability in collection effectiveness. The combination of these factors suggests that although business volume has expanded, the management of credit and collections might require closer attention to maintain healthy cash flow dynamics.
Payables Turnover
Aug 31, 2025 | May 31, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 30, 2024 | Aug 31, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Feb 29, 2024 | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 31, 2023 | May 31, 2023 | Feb 28, 2023 | Nov 30, 2022 | Aug 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | Feb 28, 2022 | Nov 30, 2021 | Aug 31, 2021 | May 31, 2021 | Feb 28, 2021 | Nov 30, 2020 | Aug 31, 2020 | May 31, 2020 | Feb 29, 2020 | Nov 30, 2019 | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues | 4,884) | 4,741) | 4,195) | 4,085) | 3,906) | 3,924) | 3,869) | 3,740) | 3,610) | 3,730) | 3,439) | 3,358) | 3,037) | 2,397) | 2,218) | 2,159) | 2,103) | 2,121) | 1,915) | 1,939) | 1,880) | 1,969) | 1,964) | 2,048) | 1,957) | ||||||||
Accounts payable | 8,203) | 5,113) | 2,423) | 2,679) | 2,207) | 2,357) | 1,658) | 1,107) | 1,034) | 1,204) | 1,610) | 1,647) | 1,461) | 1,317) | 1,124) | 1,034) | 749) | 745) | 812) | 724) | 534) | 637) | 533) | 534) | 486) | ||||||||
Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payables turnover1 | 2.18 | 3.31 | 6.65 | 5.89 | 7.00 | 6.42 | 9.02 | 13.12 | 13.67 | 11.27 | 7.60 | 6.68 | 6.72 | 6.74 | 7.65 | 8.03 | 10.79 | 10.54 | 9.49 | 10.71 | 14.72 | 12.46 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payables Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accenture PLC | — | 17.60 | 17.37 | 17.43 | 17.38 | 15.94 | 19.31 | 19.54 | 16.93 | 17.41 | 18.03 | 17.35 | 17.54 | 16.37 | 16.93 | 17.22 | 16.45 | 15.03 | 16.92 | 17.94 | 20.16 | 22.48 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Adobe Inc. | — | — | 7.47 | 6.75 | 7.33 | 6.53 | 7.47 | 6.73 | 7.92 | 7.50 | 7.29 | 6.51 | 7.21 | 5.71 | 6.66 | 5.53 | 6.54 | 5.98 | 5.40 | 5.60 | 6.76 | 5.63 | 7.62 | 6.00 | 6.52 | ||||||||
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 64.35 | 7.58 | 11.69 | 41.11 | 38.10 | 26.82 | 12.69 | 18.50 | 38.08 | 13.25 | 6.03 | 8.95 | 39.15 | 8.05 | 47.07 | 15.13 | 75.30 | 19.03 | 27.52 | 17.99 | 24.39 | 105.30 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 3.05 | 5.72 | 4.79 | 5.18 | 3.81 | 6.53 | 4.67 | 4.71 | 8.16 | 8.95 | 14.77 | 11.48 | 6.02 | 14.07 | 9.27 | 6.00 | 6.10 | 12.46 | 6.10 | — | — | — | ||||||||
International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | — | 6.84 | 7.53 | 6.75 | 8.31 | 7.54 | 7.67 | 6.67 | 8.23 | 7.36 | 7.44 | 6.87 | 7.35 | 7.40 | 7.69 | 6.54 | 6.71 | 7.47 | 8.35 | 7.75 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Intuit Inc. | — | 4.86 | 3.73 | 3.48 | 5.41 | 4.81 | 3.83 | 4.19 | 5.12 | 4.93 | 3.29 | 3.54 | 3.98 | 3.26 | 2.52 | 2.31 | 3.47 | 2.70 | 2.56 | 2.82 | 5.25 | 4.52 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Microsoft Corp. | — | 3.17 | 3.18 | 3.54 | 3.42 | 3.37 | 3.94 | 3.89 | 3.46 | 3.64 | 4.28 | 4.23 | 3.88 | 3.30 | 3.74 | 3.76 | 3.70 | 3.44 | 3.77 | 3.80 | 3.73 | 3.68 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 63.77 | 267.25 | 5,495.05 | 18.51 | 6.85 | 12.34 | 35.56 | 45.04 | 92.45 | 93.11 | 9.12 | 6.58 | 6.53 | 13.10 | 4.53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 10.56 | 9.99 | 15.01 | 10.12 | 17.71 | 18.29 | 10.93 | 14.57 | 14.43 | 20.69 | 14.50 | 14.30 | 13.43 | 14.68 | 12.25 | 14.46 | 22.41 | 16.80 | 25.37 | 21.85 | 15.72 | — | — | — | ||||||||
ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 12.27 | 7.83 | 33.63 | 13.16 | 7.04 | 8.98 | 15.25 | 26.38 | 10.08 | 7.20 | 5.74 | 7.86 | 5.60 | 8.57 | 15.20 | 19.64 | 11.82 | 9.75 | 28.83 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Workday Inc. | 23.01 | 19.16 | 26.89 | 21.90 | 24.24 | 22.71 | 22.24 | 19.76 | 15.27 | 11.16 | 21.79 | 25.95 | 12.14 | 25.74 | 28.20 | 24.24 | 25.48 | 15.85 | 21.29 | 19.83 | 31.83 | 18.51 | — | — | — |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
1 Q1 2026 Calculation
Payables turnover
= (Cost of revenuesQ1 2026
+ Cost of revenuesQ4 2025
+ Cost of revenuesQ3 2025
+ Cost of revenuesQ2 2025)
÷ Accounts payable
= (4,884 + 4,741 + 4,195 + 4,085)
÷ 8,203 = 2.18
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals several notable trends and shifts across the reported quarters, particularly concerning cost of revenues, accounts payable, and payables turnover ratios.
- Cost of Revenues
- The cost of revenues generally exhibits an upward trajectory over the periods from August 2019 to August 2025. Initially fluctuating slightly between approximately 1,880 and 2,159 million US dollars, it begins to rise more steadily starting in August 2022, increasing sharply from 3,037 million to a peak of 4,884 million US dollars by August 2025. This uptrend suggests growing expenses related to core business operations, potentially reflecting increased sales volume, higher input costs, or expanded operational activity.
- Accounts Payable
- Accounts payable shows a pronounced increase over the examined periods. Beginning at 486 million US dollars in August 2019, the values experience multiple jumps and some volatility, with noticeable spikes from 1,034 million in August 2021 to 8,203 million US dollars by August 2025. This substantial rise indicates an expansion in outstanding obligations to suppliers, which may be indicative of increased purchasing activity, extended payment terms, or accumulation of liabilities. There are periods of decline as well, for example, a drop from 1,647 million in November 2022 to 1,204 million in May 2023, before resuming the upward trend.
- Payables Turnover Ratio
- The payables turnover ratio experiences significant variation and a general decline over time. Early ratios, available starting May 2020, fluctuate around values of 6.7 to 12.5, showing some inconsistencies. However, from late 2021 onward, there is a clear downtrend, with the ratio falling from 11.27 in August 2023 to as low as 2.18 by August 2025. This decreasing ratio indicates the company is taking longer on average to pay its suppliers, reflecting either strategic changes in payment policy or liquidity considerations. The reduction in turnover ratio alongside rising accounts payable suggests a lengthening of the payment cycle.
In summary, the data indicates increasing operational costs and burgeoning accounts payable balances, coupled with a declining payables turnover ratio. This combination points to a scenario where the company is expanding its cost base and supplier obligations but is simultaneously extending its payment periods, which could be a deliberate financial management strategy or a response to liquidity pressures. Continuous monitoring of these trends would be advisable to assess impacts on working capital and supplier relationships.
Working Capital Turnover
Aug 31, 2025 | May 31, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 30, 2024 | Aug 31, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Feb 29, 2024 | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 31, 2023 | May 31, 2023 | Feb 28, 2023 | Nov 30, 2022 | Aug 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | Feb 28, 2022 | Nov 30, 2021 | Aug 31, 2021 | May 31, 2021 | Feb 28, 2021 | Nov 30, 2020 | Aug 31, 2020 | May 31, 2020 | Feb 29, 2020 | Nov 30, 2019 | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets | 24,634) | 24,579) | 30,116) | 23,503) | 23,072) | 22,554) | 21,063) | 19,289) | 22,166) | 21,004) | 18,696) | 17,561) | 21,004) | 31,633) | 31,675) | 31,078) | 47,117) | 55,567) | 43,744) | 46,251) | 49,939) | 52,140) | 33,442) | 34,540) | 42,384) | ||||||||
Less: Current liabilities | 39,874) | 32,643) | 29,623) | 29,052) | 32,045) | 31,544) | 24,885) | 24,407) | 25,357) | 23,090) | 22,880) | 27,106) | 34,819) | 19,511) | 20,833) | 18,881) | 23,071) | 24,164) | 20,250) | 21,347) | 18,748) | 17,200) | 15,740) | 14,592) | 18,875) | ||||||||
Working capital | (15,240) | (8,064) | 493) | (5,549) | (8,973) | (8,990) | (3,822) | (5,118) | (3,191) | (2,086) | (4,184) | (9,545) | (13,815) | 12,122) | 10,842) | 12,197) | 24,046) | 31,403) | 23,494) | 24,904) | 31,191) | 34,940) | 17,702) | 19,948) | 23,509) | ||||||||
Revenues | 14,926) | 15,903) | 14,130) | 14,059) | 13,307) | 14,287) | 13,280) | 12,941) | 12,453) | 13,836) | 12,398) | 12,275) | 11,445) | 11,839) | 10,513) | 10,360) | 9,728) | 11,227) | 10,085) | 9,800) | 9,367) | 10,440) | 9,796) | 9,614) | 9,218) | ||||||||
Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Working capital turnover1 | — | — | 113.15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.50 | 3.86 | 3.39 | 1.70 | 1.29 | 1.69 | 1.58 | 1.26 | 1.12 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Working Capital Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accenture PLC | — | 8.15 | 7.92 | 8.22 | 8.28 | 34.49 | 22.48 | 15.40 | 11.18 | 11.93 | 10.11 | 13.40 | 14.81 | 15.07 | 13.41 | 15.55 | 15.85 | 12.77 | 7.71 | 8.35 | 7.70 | 8.71 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Adobe Inc. | — | — | 133.99 | — | 13.02 | 30.25 | 19.54 | 13.19 | 42.33 | 6.85 | 9.10 | 14.68 | 19.89 | 20.28 | 16.36 | 31.92 | 57.86 | 9.09 | 6.22 | 7.44 | 8.67 | 4.89 | 5.51 | 8.11 | 9.50 | ||||||||
Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | — | 1.87 | 1.81 | 1.75 | 1.80 | 6.28 | 8.78 | 10.61 | 7.00 | 8.51 | 7.12 | 9.92 | 8.31 | 5.34 | 4.07 | 4.01 | 4.68 | 5.45 | 5.03 | 3.94 | — | — | — | ||||||||
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 1.48 | 1.49 | 1.45 | 1.43 | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.65 | 1.45 | 1.50 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.38 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 1.19 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.71 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 1.26 | 1.33 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.42 | — | — | — | ||||||||
International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | — | — | 273.18 | 46.83 | 37.03 | 17.08 | 14.55 | — | — | 31.12 | 12.14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Intuit Inc. | — | 5.04 | 4.22 | 8.78 | 7.87 | 7.45 | 5.15 | 13.92 | 11.94 | 8.13 | 6.30 | 15.31 | 10.83 | 8.98 | 5.68 | 21.87 | 4.39 | 3.85 | 3.40 | 5.45 | 1.74 | 1.73 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Microsoft Corp. | — | 5.64 | 6.36 | 6.85 | 7.32 | 7.12 | 8.26 | 8.63 | 2.64 | 2.65 | 2.65 | 2.68 | 2.77 | 2.66 | 2.52 | 1.91 | 1.88 | 1.76 | 1.71 | 1.44 | 1.37 | 1.30 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.70 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.52 | — | 2.15 | 1.40 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Salesforce Inc. | 23.11 | 21.69 | 18.14 | 42.35 | 14.56 | 14.27 | 42.02 | 99.31 | 90.67 | 62.21 | 30.85 | 25.15 | 54.57 | 24.95 | 27.10 | — | 4.36 | 5.11 | 7.48 | 10.29 | 9.75 | 15.29 | — | — | — | ||||||||
ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 15.46 | 11.33 | 13.25 | 11.50 | 11.73 | 27.96 | 21.77 | 19.04 | 9.59 | 7.83 | 11.16 | 6.63 | 11.21 | 10.61 | 21.76 | 11.15 | 16.31 | 5.62 | 5.76 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 2.99 | 0.43 | 1.53 | 1.60 | 2.35 | 2.82 | 7.85 | 13.12 | 10.27 | 12.83 | 17.05 | 21.34 | 14.02 | 7.78 | 9.47 | 10.65 | 9.50 | 9.18 | 16.88 | 9.00 | 27.06 | — | — | ||||||||
Workday Inc. | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.75 | 1.68 | 1.70 | 1.49 | 1.54 | 1.60 | 1.69 | 1.79 | 1.83 | 1.93 | 2.03 | 35.15 | 11.69 | 24.99 | — | 8.31 | 12.50 | 3.44 | 5.62 | 28.97 | — | — | — |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
1 Q1 2026 Calculation
Working capital turnover
= (RevenuesQ1 2026
+ RevenuesQ4 2025
+ RevenuesQ3 2025
+ RevenuesQ2 2025)
÷ Working capital
= (14,926 + 15,903 + 14,130 + 14,059)
÷ -15,240 = —
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Working Capital
- The working capital figures demonstrate a fluctuating and overall downward trend over the periods analyzed. Initially, working capital was relatively strong, peaking at 34,940 million USD in May 2020. After this peak, a significant decline is observed, with values turning negative by August 2022 (-13,815 million USD) and showing continued volatility and negative figures through to August 2025 (-15,240 million USD). This indicates increasing short-term liabilities or declines in current assets relative to current liabilities, which may suggest tightening liquidity or operational challenges.
- Revenues
- Revenues show a consistent upward trajectory with some minor fluctuations. Starting from 9,218 million USD in August 2019, revenues increased steadily through the quarters, reaching 15,903 million USD by May 2024. This growth suggests a strong sales performance and market demand despite fluctuations in working capital. The revenue growth appears resilient even as working capital experiences notable decreases.
- Working Capital Turnover
- The working capital turnover ratio, which measures the efficiency of using working capital to generate revenue, is sporadically reported but reveals important insights. Beginning at 1.12 in May 2020, the ratio showed improvement to 3.86 by February 2022, indicating enhanced efficiency in utilizing working capital within this period. Notably, there is an extreme spike to 113.15 at an isolated point in time (February 2025), which likely reflects an anomalous data point due to the combination of very low or near-zero working capital negative values and relatively stable revenue. This metric’s irregularity suggests potential volatility or accounting adjustments affecting working capital and should be reviewed further for accuracy and implications.
- Overall Analysis
- The company exhibits strong revenue growth over the multi-year period, indicative of expanding business activities or successful market strategies. However, the declining and frequently negative working capital implies mounting pressures on short-term financial stability and operational liquidity. This could pose risks if not managed carefully, coexisting with improved working capital turnover in some periods, suggesting more effective use of available short-term resources. A more detailed investigation into the causes driving the negative working capital and the spike in working capital turnover ratio is warranted to ensure sustainable operational health.
Average Receivable Collection Period
Aug 31, 2025 | May 31, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 30, 2024 | Aug 31, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Feb 29, 2024 | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 31, 2023 | May 31, 2023 | Feb 28, 2023 | Nov 30, 2022 | Aug 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | Feb 28, 2022 | Nov 30, 2021 | Aug 31, 2021 | May 31, 2021 | Feb 28, 2021 | Nov 30, 2020 | Aug 31, 2020 | May 31, 2020 | Feb 29, 2020 | Nov 30, 2019 | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receivables turnover | 6.67 | 6.71 | 6.93 | 6.72 | 6.71 | 6.73 | 7.20 | 7.59 | 7.82 | 7.22 | 7.72 | 7.43 | 7.44 | 7.13 | 9.12 | 9.28 | 9.11 | 7.48 | 8.56 | 8.91 | 8.57 | 7.04 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Short-term Activity Ratio (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average receivable collection period1 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 47 | 51 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 51 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 49 | 43 | 41 | 43 | 52 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Benchmarks (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Receivable Collection Period, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adobe Inc. | — | — | 33 | 28 | 33 | 35 | 31 | 29 | 38 | 42 | 36 | 33 | 37 | 43 | 37 | 35 | 38 | 43 | 37 | 37 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 41 | 43 | ||||||||
Cadence Design Systems Inc. | — | — | — | 48 | 43 | 54 | 47 | 50 | 35 | 44 | 40 | 42 | 48 | 50 | 42 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 49 | 51 | 46 | — | — | — | ||||||||
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 71 | 104 | 79 | 69 | 78 | 102 | 72 | 75 | 69 | 102 | 87 | 83 | 82 | 93 | 80 | 85 | 77 | 100 | 83 | 83 | 93 | 125 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 73 | 63 | 81 | 70 | 81 | 73 | 87 | 73 | 64 | 75 | 87 | 83 | 82 | 84 | 95 | 93 | 90 | 84 | 99 | — | — | — | ||||||||
International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | — | 34 | 34 | 40 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 43 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 39 | 33 | 36 | 37 | 43 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 35 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Intuit Inc. | — | 10 | 15 | 22 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 22 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 24 | 11 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 15 | 15 | 23 | 22 | 5 | 7 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Microsoft Corp. | — | 91 | 70 | 67 | 63 | 85 | 68 | 69 | 62 | 84 | 66 | 64 | 56 | 81 | 62 | 66 | 57 | 83 | 60 | 65 | 57 | 82 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 79 | 85 | 73 | 92 | 97 | 76 | 60 | 74 | 67 | 47 | 49 | 68 | 56 | 57 | 45 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 117 | 80 | 64 | 50 | 119 | 80 | 92 | 72 | 130 | 81 | 76 | 78 | 142 | 88 | 72 | 65 | 106 | 70 | 65 | 69 | 111 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Salesforce Inc. | 41 | 115 | 47 | 54 | 44 | 120 | 52 | 60 | 53 | 125 | 52 | 59 | 52 | 134 | 59 | 63 | 52 | 134 | 60 | 65 | 62 | 132 | — | — | — | ||||||||
ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 51 | 43 | 74 | 46 | 56 | 50 | 83 | 50 | 50 | 53 | 87 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 86 | 51 | 55 | 49 | 82 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Synopsys Inc. | — | — | 79 | 59 | 54 | 56 | 48 | 50 | 65 | 59 | 44 | 54 | 73 | 57 | 50 | 55 | 84 | 49 | 52 | 56 | 75 | 77 | 66 | 68 | 86 | ||||||||
Workday Inc. | 57 | 84 | 63 | 60 | 55 | 82 | 64 | 69 | 61 | 92 | 64 | 71 | 53 | 88 | 65 | 68 | 53 | 87 | 65 | 63 | 56 | 88 | — | — | — |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
1 Q1 2026 Calculation
Average receivable collection period = 365 ÷ Receivables turnover
= 365 ÷ 6.67 = 55
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals notable fluctuations and trends in the receivables turnover ratio and the average receivable collection period over the observed periods.
- Receivables Turnover Ratio
- The receivables turnover ratio exhibits an initial increasing trend from 7.04 to a peak of 9.28 between August 31, 2020, and February 28, 2022, indicating improving efficiency in collections during this period. Following this peak, the ratio generally declines with some fluctuations, reaching values around 6.67 to 7.22 in the later periods ending August 31, 2025. This downward trend towards the last periods signals a reduction in the frequency of receivables collections, potentially indicating slower collection activity or changes in credit terms.
- Average Receivable Collection Period
- The average receivable collection period shows an opposite pattern to the turnover ratio. It decreases from 52 days to a low of 39 days between August 31, 2020, and February 28, 2022, reflecting quicker collection of receivables. Post this trough, the collection period increases persistently, fluctuating between 47 and 55 days toward the periods ending August 31, 2025. This increase suggests that the company is taking more time to collect its receivables in recent quarters, which may require attention from a cash flow perspective.
- Overall Pattern and Implications
- There is an inverse relationship observed between the receivables turnover ratio and the average collection period, which is consistent with financial theory. The initial improvement in turnover and reduction in collection days until early 2022 indicates strengthened receivables management. However, the subsequent decline in turnover coupled with an increase in collection days may hint at potential challenges in receivables management or altered customer payment behavior. Monitoring these trends is essential for assessing liquidity and operational efficiency going forward.
Average Payables Payment Period
Aug 31, 2025 | May 31, 2025 | Feb 28, 2025 | Nov 30, 2024 | Aug 31, 2024 | May 31, 2024 | Feb 29, 2024 | Nov 30, 2023 | Aug 31, 2023 | May 31, 2023 | Feb 28, 2023 | Nov 30, 2022 | Aug 31, 2022 | May 31, 2022 | Feb 28, 2022 | Nov 30, 2021 | Aug 31, 2021 | May 31, 2021 | Feb 28, 2021 | Nov 30, 2020 | Aug 31, 2020 | May 31, 2020 | Feb 29, 2020 | Nov 30, 2019 | Aug 31, 2019 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payables turnover | 2.18 | 3.31 | 6.65 | 5.89 | 7.00 | 6.42 | 9.02 | 13.12 | 13.67 | 11.27 | 7.60 | 6.68 | 6.72 | 6.74 | 7.65 | 8.03 | 10.79 | 10.54 | 9.49 | 10.71 | 14.72 | 12.46 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Short-term Activity Ratio (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average payables payment period1 | 167 | 110 | 55 | 62 | 52 | 57 | 40 | 28 | 27 | 32 | 48 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 48 | 45 | 34 | 35 | 38 | 34 | 25 | 29 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Benchmarks (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Payables Payment Period, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accenture PLC | — | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Adobe Inc. | — | — | 49 | 54 | 50 | 56 | 49 | 54 | 46 | 49 | 50 | 56 | 51 | 64 | 55 | 66 | 56 | 61 | 68 | 65 | 54 | 65 | 48 | 61 | 56 | ||||||||
CrowdStrike Holdings Inc. | 6 | 48 | 31 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 29 | 20 | 10 | 28 | 61 | 41 | 9 | 45 | 8 | 24 | 5 | 19 | 13 | 20 | 15 | 3 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Datadog Inc. | — | — | — | 120 | 64 | 76 | 71 | 96 | 56 | 78 | 78 | 45 | 41 | 25 | 32 | 61 | 26 | 39 | 61 | 60 | 29 | 60 | — | — | — | ||||||||
International Business Machines Corp. | — | — | — | 53 | 48 | 54 | 44 | 48 | 48 | 55 | 44 | 50 | 49 | 53 | 50 | 49 | 47 | 56 | 54 | 49 | 44 | 47 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Intuit Inc. | — | 75 | 98 | 105 | 67 | 76 | 95 | 87 | 71 | 74 | 111 | 103 | 92 | 112 | 145 | 158 | 105 | 135 | 142 | 129 | 70 | 81 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Microsoft Corp. | — | 115 | 115 | 103 | 107 | 108 | 93 | 94 | 106 | 100 | 85 | 86 | 94 | 111 | 98 | 97 | 99 | 106 | 97 | 96 | 98 | 99 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palantir Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 53 | 30 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 40 | 55 | 56 | 28 | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Palo Alto Networks Inc. | — | 35 | 37 | 24 | 36 | 21 | 20 | 33 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 16 | 22 | 14 | 17 | 23 | — | — | — | ||||||||
ServiceNow Inc. | — | — | — | 30 | 47 | 11 | 28 | 52 | 41 | 24 | 14 | 36 | 51 | 64 | 46 | 65 | 43 | 24 | 19 | 31 | 37 | 13 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Workday Inc. | 16 | 19 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 24 | 33 | 17 | 14 | 30 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 11 | 20 | — | — | — |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-02-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-08-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-05-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-02-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-11-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-08-31).
1 Q1 2026 Calculation
Average payables payment period = 365 ÷ Payables turnover
= 365 ÷ 2.18 = 167
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Payables Turnover Ratio
- The payables turnover ratio exhibits a notable decline over the analyzed periods, starting at 12.46 and achieving intermediate peaks around 14.72 before progressively decreasing. Initial values indicate a strong frequency of payables settlement, which gradually slows down, reaching as low as 2.18 in the latest period. This decreasing trend suggests a reduction in the number of times payables are turned over within the period, reflecting either extended payment terms or delayed vendor payments.
- Average Payables Payment Period
- The average payables payment period, measured in days, shows an inverse relationship with the turnover ratio, initially recording values near 25 to 29 days. Over time, it increases substantially, peaking at 167 days in the most recent period. This suggests that the company is taking longer to settle its payables, which may indicate a strategic extension of payment terms or potential liquidity challenges impacting prompt payments.
- Overall Trend and Insights
- There is a clear pattern of lengthening payment periods coupled with a decreasing payables turnover ratio over the periods analyzed. Midway through the timeline, a relative stabilization occurs, followed by a sharp shift towards slower payable cycles in the last few periods. This shift could impact supplier relationships and signal a change in working capital management policies or financial pressures. Close monitoring of cash flow and creditor terms is advisable to ensure sustainable operational performance.