Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data
Activity ratios measure how efficiently a company performs day-to-day tasks, such us the collection of receivables and management of inventory.
Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
Apple Inc., long-term (investment) activity ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-04-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-24), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-25), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-26), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-29).
- Net Fixed Asset Turnover
- The net fixed asset turnover ratio exhibits a general upward trend from the first recorded value of 6.96 in June 2019, reaching a peak of 9.82 in March 2022. Following this peak, the ratio shows a gradual decline, with values decreasing to around 8.54 by March 2025. This pattern indicates an initial improvement in the efficiency of using net fixed assets to generate sales, which was sustained for several quarters before experiencing a slight decline in utilization efficiency in the most recent periods.
- Total Asset Turnover
- The total asset turnover ratio demonstrates an overall positive trend, starting at 0.77 in June 2019. The ratio consistently rises over time, reaching values above 1.0 by late 2020, signaling increased effectiveness in using total assets to generate revenue. Despite some fluctuations around 1.1 during 2022 and 2023, the most recent data from March 2025 shows an uptick to 1.21, suggesting improving asset utilization efficiency.
- Equity Turnover
- The equity turnover ratio shows significant growth from a starting point of 2.88 in June 2019 to a high of 7.78 in September 2022. This indicates a marked increase in the company's ability to generate sales from its equity base. Following the peak, there is notable volatility with values declining to near 5.14 in March 2024 before rebounding to 5.99 by March 2025. This fluctuation suggests changing dynamics in equity usage efficiency, though the longer-term trend reflects substantial improvement compared to earlier periods.
Net Fixed Asset Turnover
Apple Inc., net fixed asset turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 29, 2025 | Dec 28, 2024 | Sep 28, 2024 | Jun 29, 2024 | Mar 30, 2024 | Dec 30, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jul 1, 2023 | Apr 1, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 24, 2022 | Jun 25, 2022 | Mar 26, 2022 | Dec 25, 2021 | Sep 25, 2021 | Jun 26, 2021 | Mar 27, 2021 | Dec 26, 2020 | Sep 26, 2020 | Jun 27, 2020 | Mar 28, 2020 | Dec 28, 2019 | Sep 28, 2019 | Jun 29, 2019 | Mar 30, 2019 | Dec 29, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 95,359) | 124,300) | 94,930) | 85,777) | 90,753) | 119,575) | 89,498) | 81,797) | 94,836) | 117,154) | 90,146) | 82,959) | 97,278) | 123,945) | 83,360) | 81,434) | 89,584) | 111,439) | 64,698) | 59,685) | 58,313) | 91,819) | 64,040) | 53,809) | 58,015) | 84,310) | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 46,876) | 46,069) | 45,680) | 44,502) | 43,546) | 43,666) | 43,715) | 43,550) | 43,398) | 42,951) | 42,117) | 40,335) | 39,304) | 39,245) | 39,440) | 38,615) | 37,815) | 37,933) | 36,766) | 35,687) | 35,889) | 37,031) | 37,378) | 37,636) | 38,746) | 39,597) | ||||||||
| Long-term Activity Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fixed asset turnover1 | 8.54 | 8.59 | 8.56 | 8.66 | 8.76 | 8.83 | 8.77 | 8.82 | 8.87 | 9.02 | 9.36 | 9.61 | 9.82 | 9.64 | 9.28 | 8.99 | 8.61 | 7.75 | 7.47 | 7.67 | 7.47 | 7.23 | 6.96 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Fixed Asset Turnover, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | — | 60.02 | 70.85 | 71.08 | 65.55 | 62.08 | 57.69 | 54.54 | 51.74 | 49.98 | 46.11 | 40.75 | 38.14 | 36.13 | 37.49 | 36.78 | 81.23 | 75.84 | 71.90 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 27.20 | 25.44 | 25.74 | 27.68 | 28.55 | 28.96 | 27.34 | 26.82 | 27.07 | 26.52 | 25.82 | 25.21 | 24.09 | 22.69 | 21.31 | 20.64 | 20.13 | 19.93 | 20.10 | 19.95 | 19.67 | 19.48 | 18.61 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Dell Technologies Inc. | 14.58 | 14.39 | 13.75 | 14.65 | 14.97 | 15.51 | 16.48 | 18.00 | 18.53 | 18.99 | 18.69 | 14.34 | 14.47 | 14.48 | 14.65 | 14.52 | 14.34 | 15.11 | 15.22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 43.60 | 41.69 | 36.21 | 30.65 | 31.14 | 25.34 | 24.54 | 22.67 | 22.98 | 20.69 | 18.17 | 16.40 | 14.88 | 13.47 | 12.95 | 12.74 | 12.77 | 13.65 | 14.28 | 14.31 | 14.82 | 15.67 | 16.88 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-04-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-24), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-25), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-26), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-29).
1 Q2 2025 Calculation
Net fixed asset turnover
= (Net salesQ2 2025
+ Net salesQ1 2025
+ Net salesQ4 2024
+ Net salesQ3 2024)
÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= (95,359 + 124,300 + 94,930 + 85,777)
÷ 46,876 = 8.54
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The quarterly financial data presents a detailed view of sales performance, fixed asset investment, and efficiency ratios over multiple recent periods. The analysis of these metrics reveals several key trends and insights regarding operational effectiveness and capital utilization.
- Net Sales (US$ in millions)
- Net sales exhibit marked seasonality with generally higher values in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. From December 2018 through December 2024, sales demonstrate an overall upward trajectory despite fluctuations between quarters.
- For example, net sales peaked at 123,945 million USD in December 2021, reflecting significant growth over the December 2018 figure of 84,310 million USD. Notably, the cyclical dips typically observed in the first half of each year also increased compared to prior periods, suggesting stronger baseline sales.
- The figures for recent quarters such as December 2024 (124,300 million USD) indicate the persistence of substantial revenue generation, maintaining the upward trend within a broad growth pattern.
- Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (US$ in millions)
- This category shows a relatively stable but gradually increasing investment level in fixed assets over the time frame. The value decreased slightly from 39,597 million USD in December 2018 to a low near 35,687 million USD in June 2020, reflecting possible divestments or asset retirements amidst varying operational needs.
- Beginning September 2020, net fixed assets began a gradual recovery and have consistently increased since, reaching 46,876 million USD by September 2024. This upward movement likely reflects capital expenditure programs aimed at supporting ongoing and future production capabilities and capacity expansions.
- Net Fixed Asset Turnover (ratio)
- This ratio, which is a measure of sales generated per unit of fixed assets, demonstrates strong and improving efficiency over time, peaking around 9.82 in December 2021. It shows an initial upward trend from 6.96 in June 2019 to this peak before entering a moderate declining phase.
- After peaking, the turnover ratio slightly decreased but remained high, staying above 8.5 in subsequent periods. This indicates that while fixed asset investment increased, sales continued to grow at a faster pace or capital deployment remained relatively effective despite asset additions.
In summary, the data indicates consistent revenue growth accompanied by a measured increase in fixed assets, which corresponds with a generally high and stable net fixed asset turnover ratio. This suggests an effective strategy of leveraging fixed assets to generate increasing sales. The seasonal sales patterns remain evident, but baseline sales improve over time, while capital investment supports ongoing operational capacity expansion.
Total Asset Turnover
Apple Inc., total asset turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 29, 2025 | Dec 28, 2024 | Sep 28, 2024 | Jun 29, 2024 | Mar 30, 2024 | Dec 30, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jul 1, 2023 | Apr 1, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 24, 2022 | Jun 25, 2022 | Mar 26, 2022 | Dec 25, 2021 | Sep 25, 2021 | Jun 26, 2021 | Mar 27, 2021 | Dec 26, 2020 | Sep 26, 2020 | Jun 27, 2020 | Mar 28, 2020 | Dec 28, 2019 | Sep 28, 2019 | Jun 29, 2019 | Mar 30, 2019 | Dec 29, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 95,359) | 124,300) | 94,930) | 85,777) | 90,753) | 119,575) | 89,498) | 81,797) | 94,836) | 117,154) | 90,146) | 82,959) | 97,278) | 123,945) | 83,360) | 81,434) | 89,584) | 111,439) | 64,698) | 59,685) | 58,313) | 91,819) | 64,040) | 53,809) | 58,015) | 84,310) | ||||||||
| Total assets | 331,233) | 344,085) | 364,980) | 331,612) | 337,411) | 353,514) | 352,583) | 335,038) | 332,160) | 346,747) | 352,755) | 336,309) | 350,662) | 381,191) | 351,002) | 329,840) | 337,158) | 354,054) | 323,888) | 317,344) | 320,400) | 340,618) | 338,516) | 322,239) | 341,998) | 373,719) | ||||||||
| Long-term Activity Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total asset turnover1 | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.77 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Asset Turnover, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | — | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.53 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Dell Technologies Inc. | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.09 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 2.14 | 1.73 | 1.53 | 1.33 | 1.71 | 1.80 | 1.94 | 2.06 | 2.16 | 1.82 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 1.72 | 1.82 | 1.74 | 1.68 | 1.81 | 1.96 | 2.08 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-04-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-24), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-25), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-26), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-29).
1 Q2 2025 Calculation
Total asset turnover
= (Net salesQ2 2025
+ Net salesQ1 2025
+ Net salesQ4 2024
+ Net salesQ3 2024)
÷ Total assets
= (95,359 + 124,300 + 94,930 + 85,777)
÷ 331,233 = 1.21
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial metrics reveals several noteworthy trends over the observed period. Net sales display a discernible seasonal pattern, with peaks typically occurring in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Notably, there is a general upward trajectory in net sales across the years, with significant increases evident in the holiday quarters, particularly the December periods. For instance, net sales in December 2024 reach the highest point in the dataset at 124,300 million US dollars, indicating sustained revenue growth.
Total assets show a more stable pattern with less pronounced seasonal variation compared to net sales. The asset base fluctuates moderately but generally remains within a range of approximately 320,000 to 380,000 million US dollars. While there are some declines noted around 2020, possibly related to broader economic conditions, the total assets rebound and trend upward towards the later dates, peaking near the end of 2024.
The total asset turnover ratio, which measures the efficiency with which assets generate sales, demonstrates a gradual increase over time. Early measurements in 2019 start below 0.80, but the ratio rises consistently, reaching levels above 1.10 by late 2021 and continuing to hover around or above 1.15 in subsequent quarters. This progression indicates improved asset utilization efficiency, reflecting potentially enhanced operational management or shifts in the asset base composition favoring higher turnover assets.
Combining these indicators, it is evident that revenue generation capacity is growing steadily while asset utilization efficiency improves. The seasonal spikes in net sales are consistent with anticipated market demand cycles, reinforcing the company’s ability to capitalize on high-demand periods. The steady total assets suggest a measured approach to investment and maintenance of the asset base, while the rising turnover ratio underscores ongoing enhancements in operational efficiency.
Equity Turnover
Apple Inc., equity turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Mar 29, 2025 | Dec 28, 2024 | Sep 28, 2024 | Jun 29, 2024 | Mar 30, 2024 | Dec 30, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jul 1, 2023 | Apr 1, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 24, 2022 | Jun 25, 2022 | Mar 26, 2022 | Dec 25, 2021 | Sep 25, 2021 | Jun 26, 2021 | Mar 27, 2021 | Dec 26, 2020 | Sep 26, 2020 | Jun 27, 2020 | Mar 28, 2020 | Dec 28, 2019 | Sep 28, 2019 | Jun 29, 2019 | Mar 30, 2019 | Dec 29, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 95,359) | 124,300) | 94,930) | 85,777) | 90,753) | 119,575) | 89,498) | 81,797) | 94,836) | 117,154) | 90,146) | 82,959) | 97,278) | 123,945) | 83,360) | 81,434) | 89,584) | 111,439) | 64,698) | 59,685) | 58,313) | 91,819) | 64,040) | 53,809) | 58,015) | 84,310) | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 66,796) | 66,758) | 56,950) | 66,708) | 74,194) | 74,100) | 62,146) | 60,274) | 62,158) | 56,727) | 50,672) | 58,107) | 67,399) | 71,932) | 63,090) | 64,280) | 69,178) | 66,224) | 65,339) | 72,282) | 78,425) | 89,531) | 90,488) | 96,456) | 105,860) | 117,892) | ||||||||
| Long-term Activity Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity turnover1 | 5.99 | 5.93 | 6.87 | 5.78 | 5.14 | 5.21 | 6.17 | 6.37 | 6.20 | 6.83 | 7.78 | 6.67 | 5.73 | 5.26 | 5.80 | 5.40 | 4.70 | 4.44 | 4.20 | 3.79 | 3.42 | 2.99 | 2.88 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Turnover, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | — | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.70 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.30 | 1.42 | 1.45 | 1.51 | 1.55 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Dell Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11.09 | 19.97 | 27.22 | 38.01 | 104.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 3.34 | 3.20 | 2.77 | 2.32 | 3.01 | 3.41 | 3.61 | 3.72 | 3.65 | 3.70 | 3.64 | 3.63 | 3.51 | 3.38 | 3.25 | 3.21 | 3.06 | 3.08 | 3.13 | 3.18 | 3.26 | 3.43 | 3.72 | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-12-30), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-04-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-09-24), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-12-25), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-09-25), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-12-26), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-12-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-09-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-12-29).
1 Q2 2025 Calculation
Equity turnover
= (Net salesQ2 2025
+ Net salesQ1 2025
+ Net salesQ4 2024
+ Net salesQ3 2024)
÷ Shareholders’ equity
= (95,359 + 124,300 + 94,930 + 85,777)
÷ 66,796 = 5.99
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data reveals several noteworthy trends over the observed periods. Net sales exhibit a clear seasonal pattern with peaks occurring typically in the December quarters, reflecting heightened consumer activity during those periods. For instance, net sales in December quarters show significant increases, reaching highs such as $123,945 million in Dec 2021 and $124,300 million forecasted for Dec 2024, which are considerably larger than those in preceding quarters. This cyclicality underlines the impact of seasonal demand on revenues.
However, despite this seasonality, the net sales show some fluctuations and variability in growth rates over the years. Notably, after a peak in Dec 2018 at $84,310 million, there was a decline in the subsequent quarters, followed by another upward trend reaching a new peak in Dec 2020 at $111,439 million. The data suggests recovery and growth trends after some periods of decline or slower growth, particularly apparent in the years around 2020–2021, possibly reflecting external market conditions or new product cycles.
Shareholders’ equity shows a declining trend from the beginning of the dataset through to around the end of 2022. Starting at $117,892 million in Dec 2018, equity decreases steadily till hitting a low around $50,672 million in Sep 2022. This persistent decrease might indicate share repurchases, dividend payouts exceeding net income, or other factors decreasing equity. However, from late 2022 into 2024, equity appears to stabilize or slightly rebound, fluctuating around the $60,000 to $74,000 million range, suggesting some recovery of shareholders’ investment value.
The equity turnover ratio, available from mid-2019 onwards, demonstrates an increasing trend through most of the periods. Beginning at 2.88 in Jun 2019, it climbs steadily to peak around 7.78 in Sep 2022, which indicates more efficient use of shareholders' equity to generate sales. This increase implies that despite reductions in equity, the company has been able to generate increasingly higher sales per unit of equity. Post-peak values show some volatility with slight decreases and increases but remain elevated compared to earlier periods, suggesting maintained operational efficiency or increased leverage on equity base.
In summary, the data reflects strong seasonal sales patterns with growth spurts, particularly in year-end quarters. The decline in shareholders’ equity through 2022 points to capital structure or payout policy effects, while the rising equity turnover ratio reflects enhanced utilization efficiency of equity in generating revenue. This combination suggests that the company has managed to improve operational performance relative to its equity base even during periods marked by reductions in equity value.