Stock Analysis on Net

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

The balance sheet provides creditors, investors, and analysts with information on company resources (assets) and its sources of capital (its equity and liabilities). It normally also provides information about the future earnings capacity of a company assets as well as an indication of cash flows that may come from receivables and inventories.

Liabilities represents obligations of a company arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits from the entity.

Merck & Co. Inc., consolidated balance sheet: liabilities and stockholders’ equity (quarterly data)

US$ in millions

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Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Sep 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2021 Mar 31, 2021
Loans payable and current portion of long-term debt 2,444 2,589 1,405 1,434 1,360 2,649 3,149 3,071 3,077 1,372 887 2,839 2,672 1,946 1,936 2,979 1,208 2,412 3,534 2,488 7,251
Trade accounts payable 3,863 4,404 4,147 3,892 3,784 4,079 3,586 3,519 3,514 3,922 3,509 3,442 3,680 4,264 3,371 3,482 3,715 4,609 3,366 3,897 4,034
Accrued and other current liabilities 14,549 14,468 16,186 14,502 12,772 15,694 16,539 14,712 14,102 15,766 14,840 13,747 13,000 14,159 14,222 13,501 14,051 13,859 14,214 12,888 11,911
Income taxes payable 3,946 4,726 4,848 4,156 5,181 3,914 4,330 2,777 2,398 2,649 1,981 1,489 1,872 1,986 1,698 1,438 1,571 1,224 954 971 1,490
Dividends payable 2,143 2,140 2,042 2,053 2,077 2,084 1,982 1,981 2,008 1,985 1,877 1,877 1,907 1,884 1,771 1,768 1,771 1,768 1,660 1,662 1,675
Current liabilities 26,945 28,327 28,628 26,037 25,174 28,420 29,586 26,060 25,099 25,694 23,094 23,394 23,131 24,239 22,998 23,168 22,316 23,872 23,728 21,906 26,361
Long-term debt, excluding current portion 46,673 46,750 39,969 33,968 33,484 34,462 34,982 34,717 31,142 33,683 33,972 34,072 28,074 28,745 28,482 28,684 30,586 30,690 22,907 24,033 24,002
Deferred income taxes 1,494 1,439 1,381 1,427 1,409 1,387 864 876 922 871 1,018 996 1,442 1,795 2,417 2,974 3,071 3,441 1,527 1,489 1,204
Other noncurrent liabilities 7,642 7,688 7,661 7,031 6,655 6,465 7,540 7,329 8,262 8,792 7,343 7,265 8,244 8,323 8,660 8,951 9,742 9,434 9,469 9,872 12,241
Noncurrent liabilities 55,809 55,877 49,011 42,426 41,548 42,314 43,386 42,922 40,326 43,346 42,333 42,333 37,760 38,863 39,559 40,609 43,399 43,565 33,903 35,394 37,447
Total liabilities 82,754 84,204 77,639 68,463 66,722 70,734 72,972 68,982 65,425 69,040 65,427 65,727 60,891 63,102 62,557 63,777 65,715 67,437 57,631 57,300 63,808
Common stock, $0.50 par value 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788 1,788
Other paid-in capital 45,176 45,029 44,832 44,644 44,816 44,704 44,530 44,362 44,598 44,509 44,358 44,219 44,467 44,379 44,243 44,115 44,275 44,238 44,149 44,039 39,613
Retained earnings 66,721 73,075 72,231 68,477 66,097 63,069 61,384 60,187 56,697 53,895 57,082 54,198 62,039 61,081 59,928 58,437 56,252 53,696 51,691 48,777 48,888
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (4,060) (4,287) (5,202) (5,421) (4,965) (4,945) (5,371) (5,361) (5,274) (5,161) (4,916) (4,900) (4,883) (4,768) (4,743) (4,327) (4,369) (4,429) (4,590) (4,628) (6,622)
Treasury stock, at cost (63,747) (62,999) (61,799) (60,495) (59,401) (58,303) (57,829) (57,394) (57,445) (57,450) (57,066) (56,612) (56,577) (56,489) (56,758) (56,770) (57,063) (57,109) (57,244) (56,682) (56,722)
Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity 45,878 52,606 51,850 48,993 48,335 46,313 44,502 43,582 40,364 37,581 41,246 38,693 46,834 45,991 44,458 43,243 40,883 38,184 35,794 33,294 26,945
Noncontrolling interests 53 56 57 67 65 59 58 66 60 54 54 49 71 67 66 75 70 73 69 94 94
Total equity 45,931 52,662 51,907 49,060 48,400 46,372 44,560 43,648 40,424 37,635 41,300 38,742 46,905 46,058 44,524 43,318 40,953 38,257 35,863 33,388 27,039
Total liabilities and equity 128,685 136,866 129,546 117,523 115,122 117,106 117,532 112,630 105,849 106,675 106,727 104,469 107,796 109,160 107,081 107,095 106,668 105,694 93,494 90,688 90,847

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31).


An analysis of the balance sheet reveals a general expansion of the total capital structure, with total liabilities and equity growing from 90,847 million USD in March 2021 to a peak of 136,866 million USD in December 2025, before moderating to 128,685 million USD by March 2026.

Liability Structure and Debt Trends
Total liabilities exhibited a long-term upward trajectory, increasing from 63,808 million USD in March 2021 to 82,754 million USD by March 2026. This growth was primarily driven by a significant increase in long-term debt, excluding the current portion, which nearly doubled from 24,002 million USD at the start of the period to 46,673 million USD by March 2026. Current liabilities remained relatively stable for several years but experienced a peak of 29,586 million USD in September 2024. A notable increase is observed in income taxes payable, which rose from 1,490 million USD in March 2021 to 3,946 million USD in March 2026, indicating higher tax obligations over time.
Equity and Retained Earnings
Total stockholders' equity demonstrated growth from 26,945 million USD in March 2021 to a peak of 52,606 million USD in December 2025, followed by a contraction to 45,878 million USD in March 2026. Retained earnings followed a similar growth pattern, rising from 48,888 million USD in March 2021 to a peak of 73,075 million USD in December 2025, before declining sharply to 66,721 million USD in the final quarter. This suggest a period of significant profit accumulation followed by a substantial distribution or write-down in early 2026.
Treasury Stock and Capital Allocation
A consistent increase in the magnitude of treasury stock is evident, moving from -56,722 million USD in March 2021 to -63,747 million USD in March 2026. This trend indicates an aggressive and sustained share repurchase program, which serves to reduce the number of outstanding shares and offset the growth in retained earnings.
Comprehensive Loss and Noncontrolling Interests
Accumulated other comprehensive loss remained relatively stable but negative throughout the period, fluctuating between -4,060 million USD and -6,622 million USD. Noncontrolling interests remained a negligible component of the total equity, consistently staying below 100 million USD across all reported quarters.

Overall, the financial position is characterized by increasing leverage through long-term debt to fund operations and share buybacks, alongside a general expansion of the balance sheet that peaked in late 2025 before experiencing a correction in the first quarter of 2026.

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