Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data
The balance sheet provides creditors, investors, and analysts with information on company resources (assets) and its sources of capital (its equity and liabilities). It normally also provides information about the future earnings capacity of a company assets as well as an indication of cash flows that may come from receivables and inventories.
Liabilities represents obligations of a company arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits from the entity.
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Merck & Co. Inc. pages available for free this week:
- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Balance Sheet: Assets
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2005
- Aggregate Accruals
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Merck & Co. Inc., consolidated balance sheet: liabilities and stockholders’ equity (quarterly data)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
- Current Liabilities
- Current liabilities exhibited fluctuations over the observed periods, initially decreasing from 23,483 million USD in Q1 2020 to 20,405 million USD in Q3 2020, followed by a sharp rise to 27,327 million USD in Q4 2020. From 2021 through 2025, current liabilities generally hovered between approximately 23,000 million USD and 29,000 million USD, with a peak near the end of 2024. Components such as loans payable showed a noticeable decline from early 2020 into 2021, reaching a low around Q1 2022, before increasing again in subsequent quarters. Trade accounts payable fluctuated but remained largely stable, with values oscillating between roughly 3,300 million USD and 4,600 million USD. Accrued and other current liabilities steadily increased over time, reaching the highest values in late 2024 and early 2025. Income taxes payable showed a pronounced upward trend toward the end of the period, escalating significantly from under 2,000 million USD in early 2020 to over 5,000 million USD in mid-2025. Dividends payable stayed relatively stable, increasing gradually from around 1,580 million USD to approximately 2,080 million USD.
- Noncurrent Liabilities
- Long-term debt, excluding current portion, showed variability with values ranging from about 21,600 million USD in early 2020 to nearly 40,000 million USD by Q3 2025. A notable spike occurred in Q4 2021, where the long-term debt jumped to over 30,000 million USD. Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities generally declined over time, with deferred income taxes dropping from roughly 1,943 million USD in early 2020 to near 1,300 million USD by 2025. Other noncurrent liabilities decreased from around 11,550 million USD to roughly 7,600 million USD during the same timeframe. Overall, noncurrent liabilities maintained relatively stable levels with some fluctuations but increased modestly through the end of 2024 before rising again in 2025.
- Total Liabilities
- Total liabilities experienced an increase from around 58,600 million USD at the start of 2020 to peaks above 72,900 million USD by late 2024. Variability was present throughout the period, with a noticeable jump in total liabilities during Q4 2021, coinciding with an increase in both long-term and current liabilities. The general trajectory points toward growing liabilities over the five-year span, possibly reflective of increased borrowing or accrued obligations.
- Stockholders' Equity
- Total stockholders’ equity showed a somewhat volatile trend over the period. It began at approximately 26,300 million USD in early 2020, rising steadily to around 47,000 million USD by the end of 2022, but then declined sharply in early to mid-2023 to near 37,600 million USD. Subsequently, equity recovered into the 48,900 million USD range by mid-2025, with a gradual upward trend thereafter. Retained earnings contributed prominently to equity growth, expanding from roughly 48,000 million USD to over 72,000 million USD by 2025. Treasury stock at cost increased in magnitude (more negative), indicating consistent repurchases or retirements of shares. Other comprehensive loss remained negative and deepened slightly throughout the period. Other paid-in capital held relatively steady with minor growth, while common stock remained constant.
- Total Liabilities and Equity
- The sum of total liabilities and equity exhibited steady growth, beginning around 84,900 million USD in early 2020 and reaching nearly 130,000 million USD by mid-2025. This reflects an overall expansion in the company's balance sheet size, primarily driven by increases in liabilities and equity components, despite some volatility in equity and liabilities individually over the quarters.