Merck & Co. Inc. (MRK)

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units and evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If Merck concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative fair value test is performed. If the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference (up to the carrying value of goodwill).

Acquired Intangibles

Acquired intangibles include products and product rights, tradenames and patents, which are initially recorded at fair value, assigned an estimated useful life, and amortized primarily on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from 2 to 20 years. Merck periodically evaluates whether current facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying values of its acquired intangibles may not be recoverable. If such circumstances are determined to exist, an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of these assets, or appropriate asset groupings, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether an impairment exists. If the asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on the difference between the carrying value of the intangible asset and its fair value, which is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows.

Acquired In-Process Research and Development

Acquired IPR&D that Merck acquires through business combinations represents the fair value assigned to incomplete research projects which, at the time of acquisition, have not reached technological feasibility. The amounts are capitalized and are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets, subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment of the projects. Upon successful completion of each project, Merck will make a determination as to the then-useful life of the intangible asset, generally determined by the period in which the substantial majority of the cash flows are expected to be generated, and begin amortization. Merck tests IPR&D for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the IPR&D intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If Merck concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a quantitative test that compares the fair value of the IPR&D intangible asset with its carrying value is performed. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in operating results.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27).

Merck & Co. Inc., balance sheet: goodwill and intangible assets

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Products and product rights
	IPR&D
	Tradenames
	Other
	Other intangibles, gross carrying amount
	Accumulated amortization
	Other intangibles, net
	Goodwill
	Goodwill and other intangibles

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

Merck & Co. Inc., adjustments to financial data

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Less: Goodwill
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Merck & Co., Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
	Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity (as reported)
	Less: Goodwill
	Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income Attributable To Merck & Co., Inc.
	Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. (as reported)
	Add: Goodwill impairments
	Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

Merck & Co. Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Merck & Co. Inc., adjusted ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin
	Adjusted net profit margin
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover
	Adjusted total asset turnover
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage
	Adjusted financial leverage
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE
	Adjusted ROE
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA
	Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

Merck & Co. Inc., Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Sales
	Ratio
	Net profit margin1
	Adjusted for Goodwill
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Sales
	Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Sales
	Total assets
	Ratio
	Total asset turnover1
	Adjusted for Goodwill
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Sales
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
	Ratio
	Financial leverage1
	Adjusted for Goodwill
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
	Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
	Ratio
	ROE1
	Adjusted for Goodwill
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Adjusted total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROE2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Total assets
	Ratio
	ROA1
	Adjusted for Goodwill
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROA2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations