Analysis of Geographic Areas
Merck & Co. Inc. operates in 7 regions: United States; Europe, Middle East and Africa; China; Japan; Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan); Latin America; and Other.
Area Asset Turnover
Merck & Co. Inc., asset turnover by geographic area
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 2.05 | 2.11 | 1.91 | 2.00 | 2.26 |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 1.75 | 2.07 | 2.19 | 2.24 | 2.67 |
| China | 35.24 | 25.08 | 19.90 | 16.70 | 18.43 |
| Japan | 23.79 | 26.88 | 17.14 | 20.34 | 23.57 |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 3.16 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 3.76 | 4.12 |
| Latin America | 13.90 | 11.48 | 11.09 | 9.02 | 9.28 |
| Other | 526.00 | 513.60 | 305.25 | 245.80 | 267.67 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | United States | United States area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | Europe, Middle East and Africa area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. | |
| China | China area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. | |
| Japan | Japan area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. | |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. | |
| Latin America | Latin America area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. | |
| Other | Other area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: United States
Merck & Co. Inc.; United States; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 28,480) | 27,206) | 22,425) | 21,027) | 20,325) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 13,915) | 12,891) | 11,759) | 10,526) | 8,974) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 1.91 | 2.00 | 2.26 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 28,480 ÷ 13,915 = 2.05
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | United States | United States area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: Europe, Middle East and Africa
Merck & Co. Inc.; Europe, Middle East and Africa; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 13,254) | 14,493) | 13,341) | 13,600) | 12,707) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 7,562) | 6,993) | 6,081) | 6,059) | 4,767) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 1.75 | 2.07 | 2.19 | 2.24 | 2.67 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 13,254 ÷ 7,562 = 1.75
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Europe, Middle East and Africa | Europe, Middle East and Africa area asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: China
Merck & Co. Inc.; China; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 6,802) | 5,191) | 4,378) | 3,624) | 3,207) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 193) | 207) | 220) | 217) | 174) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 35.24 | 25.08 | 19.90 | 16.70 | 18.43 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 6,802 ÷ 193 = 35.24
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | China | China area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: Japan
Merck & Co. Inc.; Japan; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,164) | 3,629) | 2,726) | 3,376) | 3,583) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 133) | 135) | 159) | 166) | 152) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 23.79 | 26.88 | 17.14 | 20.34 | 23.57 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,164 ÷ 133 = 23.79
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Japan | Japan area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan)
Merck & Co. Inc.; Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan); area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,225) | 3,614) | 2,407) | 2,864) | 2,943) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,022) | 966) | 857) | 761) | 714) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 3.16 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 3.76 | 4.12 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,225 ÷ 1,022 = 3.16
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 but then slightly deteriorated from 2022 to 2023 not reaching 2021 level. |
Area Asset Turnover: Latin America
Merck & Co. Inc.; Latin America; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 3,086) | 2,582) | 2,206) | 2,274) | 2,469) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 222) | 225) | 199) | 252) | 266) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 13.90 | 11.48 | 11.09 | 9.02 | 9.28 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 3,086 ÷ 222 = 13.90
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Latin America | Latin America area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Area Asset Turnover: Other
Merck & Co. Inc.; Other; area asset turnover calculation
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||
| Sales | 2,104) | 2,568) | 1,221) | 1,229) | 1,606) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 4) | 5) | 4) | 5) | 6) |
| Area Activity Ratio | |||||
| Area asset turnover1 | 526.00 | 513.60 | 305.25 | 245.80 | 267.67 |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Area asset turnover = Sales ÷ Property, plant and equipment, net
= 2,104 ÷ 4 = 526.00
| Area activity ratio | Geographic area | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Area asset turnover | Other | Other area asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Sales
Merck & Co. Inc., sales by geographic area
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 28,480) | 27,206) | 22,425) | 21,027) | 20,325) |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 13,254) | 14,493) | 13,341) | 13,600) | 12,707) |
| China | 6,802) | 5,191) | 4,378) | 3,624) | 3,207) |
| Japan | 3,164) | 3,629) | 2,726) | 3,376) | 3,583) |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 3,225) | 3,614) | 2,407) | 2,864) | 2,943) |
| Latin America | 3,086) | 2,582) | 2,206) | 2,274) | 2,469) |
| Other | 2,104) | 2,568) | 1,221) | 1,229) | 1,606) |
| Total | 60,115) | 59,283) | 48,704) | 47,994) | 46,840) |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
Property, plant and equipment, net
Merck & Co. Inc., property, plant and equipment, net by geographic area
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 13,915) | 12,891) | 11,759) | 10,526) | 8,974) |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 7,562) | 6,993) | 6,081) | 6,059) | 4,767) |
| China | 193) | 207) | 220) | 217) | 174) |
| Japan | 133) | 135) | 159) | 166) | 152) |
| Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan) | 1,022) | 966) | 857) | 761) | 714) |
| Latin America | 222) | 225) | 199) | 252) | 266) |
| Other | 4) | 5) | 4) | 5) | 6) |
| Total | 23,051) | 21,422) | 19,279) | 17,986) | 15,053) |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).