Accounting Policy on Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Income tax expense is based on pretax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.

Cisco accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Cisco classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that Cisco anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05).

Cisco Systems Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

	12 months ended	Jul 27, 2019		Jul 28, 2018		Jul 29, 2017		Jul 30, 2016		Jul 25, 2015		Jul 26, 2014
	Federal
	State
	Foreign
	Current
	Federal
	State
	Foreign
	Deferred
	Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Item	Description	The company
Current	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s current increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly declined from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.
Deferred	Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s deferred increased from 2017 to 2018 but then declined significantly from 2018 to 2019.
Provision for income taxes	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s provision for income taxes increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly declined from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.

Cisco Systems Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	Federal statutory tax rate
	State taxes, net of federal tax benefit
	Foreign income at other than U.S. rates
	Tax credits
	Foreign-derived intangible income deduction
	Domestic manufacturing deduction
	Stock-based compensation
	Tax audit settlement
	Other, net
	Effective income tax rate, before impact of the Tax Act
	Impact of the Tax Act
	Effective income tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Item	Description	The company
Effective income tax rate, before impact of the Tax Act	Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s effective income tax rate, before impact of the Tax Act declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Cisco Systems Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

		Jul 27, 2019		Jul 28, 2018		Jul 29, 2017		Jul 30, 2016		Jul 25, 2015		Jul 26, 2014
	Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns
	Sales-type and direct-financing leases
	Inventory write-downs and capitalization
	Investment provisions
	IPR&D, goodwill, and purchased intangible assets
	Deferred revenue
	Credits and net operating loss carryforwards
	Share-based compensation expense
	Accrued compensation
	Other
	Gross deferred tax assets
	Valuation allowance
	Deferred tax assets
	Purchased intangible assets
	Depreciation
	Unrealized gains on investments
	Other
	Deferred tax liabilities
	Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Item	Description	The company
Gross deferred tax assets	Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s gross deferred tax assets declined from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.
Deferred tax assets	Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s deferred tax assets declined from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) declined from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.

Cisco Systems Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	Deferred tax assets, current
	Deferred tax liabilities, current
	Deferred tax assets, noncurrent
	Deferred tax liabilities, noncurrent

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Item	Description	The company
Deferred tax assets, noncurrent	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s deferred tax assets, noncurrent declined from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level.
Deferred tax liabilities, noncurrent	Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s deferred tax liabilities, noncurrent declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

Cisco Systems Inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Liabilities
	Current liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Current liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Liabilities
	Total liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
	Total liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Cisco Shareholders’ Equity
	Total Cisco shareholders’ equity (as reported)
	Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
	Total Cisco shareholders’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income
	Net income (as reported)
	Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
	Net income (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Cisco Systems Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Cisco Systems Inc., adjusted financial ratios

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio
	Adjusted current ratio
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin
	Adjusted net profit margin
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover
	Adjusted total asset turnover
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage
	Adjusted financial leverage
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE
	Adjusted ROE
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA
	Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.

Cisco Systems Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Adjusted current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Liquidity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Revenue
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Revenue
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income ÷ Revenue
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Revenue
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Revenue
	Total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Revenue
	Adjusted total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Total Cisco shareholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted total Cisco shareholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total Cisco shareholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total Cisco shareholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019.

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Total Cisco shareholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Adjusted total Cisco shareholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income ÷ Total Cisco shareholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted total Cisco shareholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.

		Jul 27, 2019	Jul 28, 2018	Jul 29, 2017	Jul 30, 2016	Jul 25, 2015	Jul 26, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Adjusted total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-09-05), 10-K (filing date: 2018-09-06), 10-K (filing date: 2017-09-07), 10-K (filing date: 2016-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-09-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-09-09).

2019 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Cisco Systems Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level.

	Cisco Systems Inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

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Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

Cisco Systems Inc. (CSCO)

Analysis of Income Taxes

Accounting Policy on Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

Cisco Systems Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

Cisco Systems Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)