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Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Quarterly Data
Difficulty: Beginner
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Merck & Co. Inc., historical price multiples (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-08-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-11-10), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-05-09).
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/E ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 but then declined significantly from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/OP ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 but then declined significantly from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/S ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 and from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/BV ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 and from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Merck & Co. Inc., historical P/E calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Sep 30, 2014 | Jun 30, 2014 | Mar 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Sep 30, 2013 | Jun 30, 2013 | Mar 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |
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| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. (in millions) | |
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| Earnings per share (EPS)3 | |
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| Share price1, 2 | |
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| P/E ratio4 | |
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Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-08-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-11-10), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-05-09).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Merck & Co. Inc.’s Quarterly or Annual Report.
Q3 2018 Calculations
3 EPS
= (Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.Q3 2018
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.Q2 2018
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.Q1 2018
+ Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.Q4 2017)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
4 P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/E ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 but then declined significantly from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Merck & Co. Inc., historical P/OP calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Sep 30, 2014 | Jun 30, 2014 | Mar 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Sep 30, 2013 | Jun 30, 2013 | Mar 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |
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| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (in millions) | |
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| Operating profit per share3 | |
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| Share price1, 2 | |
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| P/OP ratio4 | |
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Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-08-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-11-10), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-05-09).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Merck & Co. Inc.’s Quarterly or Annual Report.
Q3 2018 Calculations
3 Operating profit per share
= (Operating incomeQ3 2018
+ Operating incomeQ2 2018
+ Operating incomeQ1 2018
+ Operating incomeQ4 2017)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
4 P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/OP ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 but then declined significantly from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Merck & Co. Inc., historical P/S calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Sep 30, 2014 | Jun 30, 2014 | Mar 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Sep 30, 2013 | Jun 30, 2013 | Mar 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |
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| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales (in millions) | |
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| Sales per share3 | |
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| Share price1, 2 | |
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| P/S ratio4 | |
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Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-08-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-11-10), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-05-09).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Merck & Co. Inc.’s Quarterly or Annual Report.
Q3 2018 Calculations
3 Sales per share
= (SalesQ3 2018
+ SalesQ2 2018
+ SalesQ1 2018
+ SalesQ4 2017)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
4 P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/S ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 and from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Merck & Co. Inc., historical P/BV calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Sep 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Mar 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Sep 30, 2016 | Jun 30, 2016 | Mar 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Sep 30, 2015 | Jun 30, 2015 | Mar 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Sep 30, 2014 | Jun 30, 2014 | Mar 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Sep 30, 2013 | Jun 30, 2013 | Mar 31, 2013 | ||
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| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |
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| Selected Financial Data (USD $) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity (in millions) | |
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| Book value per share (BVPS)3 | |
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| Share price1, 2 | |
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| P/BV ratio4 | |
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Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-08-08), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-05-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-08-06), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-11-10), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2014-05-08), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-11-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-08-07), 10-Q (filing date: 2013-05-09).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Close price on the filing date of Merck & Co. Inc.’s Quarterly or Annual Report.
Q3 2018 Calculations
3 BVPS = Total Merck & Co., Inc. stockholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
4 P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Merck & Co. Inc.’s P/BV ratio increased from Q1 2018 to Q2 2018 and from Q2 2018 to Q3 2018. |
