Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net

Merck & Co. Inc. (NYSE:MRK)

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios 
Quarterly Data

Microsoft Excel

Liquidity Ratios (Summary)

Merck & Co. Inc., liquidity ratios (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022
Current ratio 1.32 1.30 1.54 1.66 1.42 1.41 1.36 1.36 1.47 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.28 1.44 1.47 1.46 1.39 1.40
Quick ratio 0.71 0.66 0.93 1.06 0.79 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88 0.68 0.68 0.83 0.74 0.90 0.93 0.90 0.85 0.84
Cash ratio 0.26 0.21 0.51 0.64 0.33 0.37 0.48 0.49 0.44 0.22 0.28 0.38 0.27 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.40

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31).


An analysis of the liquidity position reveals a consistent ability to cover short-term obligations, characterized by a pattern of moderate fluctuations and a significant peak in the latter half of 2025. While the liquidity metrics generally remain stable, there is a visible reliance on non-cash current assets to maintain a healthy current ratio.

Current Ratio
The current ratio remained largely stable between 1.25 and 1.47 from March 2022 through December 2024. A notable increase occurred during 2025, peaking at 1.66 in September 2025, which represents the highest level of short-term solvency in the observed period. However, a subsequent decline is observed in early 2026, with the ratio returning to 1.32 by June 2026.
Quick Ratio
The quick ratio consistently trends below the current ratio, indicating that a portion of current assets is tied up in inventory. For the majority of the period, the ratio fluctuated between 0.66 and 0.93. A temporary spike to 1.06 in September 2025 aligned with the peak in the current ratio, suggesting a period of high immediate liquidity. A sharp contraction followed, reaching a period low of 0.66 in March 2026.
Cash Ratio
The cash ratio exhibits the highest level of volatility among the three metrics. After maintaining levels between 0.40 and 0.54 in 2022, a decline was observed throughout 2023 and early 2024, hitting a low of 0.22 in March 2024. A substantial recovery occurred in late 2025, peaking at 0.64 in September 2025, before falling sharply to 0.21 in March 2026.

The synchronized movement of all three ratios suggests that the liquidity surge observed in September 2025 was driven by a significant increase in cash and cash equivalents rather than a reduction in current liabilities. The subsequent decline across all metrics by mid-2026 indicates a shift in the asset composition or an increase in short-term obligations.

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Current Ratio

Merck & Co. Inc., current ratio calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Current assets 36,679 35,015 43,516 47,557 37,065 35,503 38,782 40,361 38,205 31,445 32,168 31,954 29,977 33,402 35,722 33,561 32,116 31,184
Current liabilities 27,731 26,945 28,327 28,628 26,037 25,174 28,420 29,586 26,060 25,099 25,694 23,094 23,394 23,131 24,239 22,998 23,168 22,316
Liquidity Ratio
Current ratio1 1.32 1.30 1.54 1.66 1.42 1.41 1.36 1.36 1.47 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.28 1.44 1.47 1.46 1.39 1.40
Benchmarks
Current Ratio, Competitors2
AbbVie Inc. 0.81 0.80 0.67 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.66 0.65 0.81 0.94 0.87 0.96 0.89 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.84 0.82
Amgen Inc. 1.37 1.26 1.14 1.28 1.31 1.17 1.26 1.32 1.26 1.42 1.65 2.86 2.77 3.14 1.41 1.68 1.53 1.44
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. 1.53 1.42 1.26 1.27 1.21 1.28 1.25 1.24 1.16 1.11 1.43 1.18 1.39 1.42 1.25 1.42 1.44 1.32
Danaher Corp. 1.65 1.87 1.87 1.52 1.62 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.43 1.85 1.68 2.26 2.08 1.89 1.89 1.78 1.75 1.68
Eli Lilly & Co. 1.35 1.50 1.58 1.55 1.28 1.37 1.15 1.27 1.11 1.35 0.94 1.05 1.13 1.30 1.05 1.13 1.10 1.27
Gilead Sciences Inc. 1.27 1.97 1.55 1.45 1.32 1.37 1.60 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.43 1.34 1.02 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.43 1.48
Johnson & Johnson 1.09 1.03 1.03 1.07 1.01 1.26 1.11 1.03 1.07 1.17 1.16 1.21 1.12 1.07 0.99 1.43 1.42 1.39
Pfizer Inc. 1.27 1.25 1.16 1.28 1.16 1.26 1.17 1.00 0.86 1.05 0.91 2.38 2.12 1.37 1.22 1.59 1.42 1.39
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. 3.34 3.57 4.13 4.06 4.60 4.93 4.73 5.28 5.44 5.27 5.69 5.18 5.45 5.45 5.06 5.36 5.12 4.76
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 1.55 1.53 1.89 1.50 1.93 1.77 1.66 1.63 1.72 1.70 1.75 1.63 1.42 1.27 1.48 1.74 1.65 1.56
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. 3.19 3.02 2.90 2.36 2.52 2.65 2.69 2.47 2.52 3.50 3.99 4.08 4.14 4.28 4.83 4.70 4.50 4.75

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31).

1 Q2 2026 Calculation
Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 36,679 ÷ 27,731 = 1.32

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The liquidity profile of the organization demonstrates a consistent ability to cover short-term obligations, with the current ratio remaining above 1.00 throughout the entire analyzed period from March 2022 to June 2026. This indicates a sustained positive working capital position, although the ratio exhibits periodic fluctuations.

Current Ratio Volatility and Trends
The current ratio transitioned through several phases, starting at 1.40 in March 2022 and experiencing a period of compression between June 2023 and March 2024, where it reached its lowest levels of 1.25 to 1.28. A recovery followed, with the ratio returning to a range of 1.36 to 1.47 through December 2024. The most significant expansion occurred in September 2025, reaching a peak of 1.66, before moderating to 1.32 by June 2026.
Current Asset and Liability Dynamics
Liquidity shifts were primarily driven by fluctuations in current assets rather than liabilities. Current liabilities remained relatively stable, generally ranging between 22 billion and 29 billion US dollars. In contrast, current assets showed greater variance, peaking at 47.56 billion US dollars in September 2025. This divergence explains the spike in the current ratio during the latter half of 2025.
Short-Term Solvency Analysis
The maintenance of a ratio consistently above 1.20 for the majority of the period suggests a conservative approach to liquidity management. Even during the troughs observed in late 2023 and early 2024, the organization maintained a sufficient buffer of assets to meet its current liabilities, indicating low short-term financial risk.

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Quick Ratio

Merck & Co. Inc., quick ratio calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents 6,849 5,327 14,565 18,169 8,007 8,629 13,242 14,593 11,304 5,579 6,841 8,605 5,660 9,707 12,694 11,145 9,675 8,556
Short-term investments 292 375 45 615 599 447 50 40 252 168 718 680 498 103 453 372
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 12,564 12,210 11,775 12,120 11,846 10,790 10,278 11,381 11,642 11,366 10,349 10,394 11,030 10,415 9,450 9,482 9,643 9,828
Total quick assets 19,705 17,912 26,340 30,334 20,468 20,018 23,967 25,974 22,996 16,985 17,442 19,167 17,408 20,802 22,642 20,730 19,771 18,756
 
Current liabilities 27,731 26,945 28,327 28,628 26,037 25,174 28,420 29,586 26,060 25,099 25,694 23,094 23,394 23,131 24,239 22,998 23,168 22,316
Liquidity Ratio
Quick ratio1 0.71 0.66 0.93 1.06 0.79 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88 0.68 0.68 0.83 0.74 0.90 0.93 0.90 0.85 0.84
Benchmarks
Quick Ratio, Competitors2
AbbVie Inc. 0.49 0.52 0.41 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.42 0.43 0.59 0.72 0.63 0.71 0.63 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.57 0.52
Amgen Inc. 0.95 0.85 0.73 0.82 0.82 0.74 0.81 0.80 0.75 0.84 0.99 2.41 2.34 2.62 0.95 1.17 0.99 0.90
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. 1.16 1.04 0.94 0.99 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.84 0.78 0.78 1.04 0.77 0.94 1.01 0.87 0.98 1.07 1.03
Danaher Corp. 1.03 1.28 1.25 0.84 0.96 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.85 1.34 1.18 1.76 1.52 1.34 1.30 1.19 1.13 1.08
Eli Lilly & Co. 0.68 0.72 0.78 0.73 0.53 0.57 0.58 0.62 0.60 0.67 0.52 0.58 0.63 0.79 0.62 0.70 0.66 0.77
Gilead Sciences Inc. 0.75 1.31 1.06 1.01 0.89 1.00 1.20 0.82 0.69 0.72 1.06 0.98 0.78 0.95 0.99 0.96 1.06 1.06
Johnson & Johnson 0.73 0.69 0.69 0.71 0.68 0.96 0.78 0.70 0.77 0.84 0.82 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.71 1.10 1.09 1.06
Pfizer Inc. 0.74 0.75 0.69 0.80 0.67 0.80 0.74 0.56 0.42 0.57 0.50 1.78 1.59 0.88 0.80 1.18 1.02 0.95
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2.63 2.84 3.28 3.19 3.57 3.90 3.86 4.34 4.43 4.40 4.82 4.31 4.53 4.54 4.16 4.37 4.20 3.95
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 1.01 0.97 1.36 0.95 1.29 1.20 1.14 1.13 1.24 1.19 1.27 1.13 0.89 0.80 1.06 1.06 0.98 0.97
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2.54 2.38 2.24 1.84 2.00 2.12 2.17 2.08 2.10 3.15 3.60 3.74 3.82 3.95 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.37

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31).

1 Q2 2026 Calculation
Quick ratio = Total quick assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 19,705 ÷ 27,731 = 0.71

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The liquidity profile of the entity is characterized by notable volatility in its quick ratio, which fluctuates between a low of 0.66 and a peak of 1.06 over the analyzed period. This variation indicates an inconsistent capacity to meet immediate short-term obligations using only the most liquid assets.

Quick Ratio Analysis
An initial improvement is observed from March 2022 (0.84) to December 2022 (0.93), followed by a sustained decline reaching 0.68 in early 2024. A strong recovery phase ensued, culminating in a peak of 1.06 in September 2025, which represents the highest level of liquidity in the series. A subsequent precipitous drop led to the lowest recorded ratio of 0.66 in March 2026, before a slight uptick to 0.71 in June 2026.
Asset and Liability Dynamics
Total quick assets exhibit significant swings, with a notable surge to 30,334 million USD in September 2025 and a sharp contraction to 17,912 million USD by March 2026. Concurrently, current liabilities show a long-term upward trend, rising from 22,316 million USD in March 2022 to 27,731 million USD by June 2026. The intersection of these trends results in a liquidity position that is frequently below the 1.0 threshold, suggesting a reliance on inventory or other current assets to satisfy short-term debts during the majority of the observed quarters.

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Cash Ratio

Merck & Co. Inc., cash ratio calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Jun 30, 2026 Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents 6,849 5,327 14,565 18,169 8,007 8,629 13,242 14,593 11,304 5,579 6,841 8,605 5,660 9,707 12,694 11,145 9,675 8,556
Short-term investments 292 375 45 615 599 447 50 40 252 168 718 680 498 103 453 372
Total cash assets 7,141 5,702 14,565 18,214 8,622 9,228 13,689 14,593 11,354 5,619 7,093 8,773 6,378 10,387 13,192 11,248 10,128 8,928
 
Current liabilities 27,731 26,945 28,327 28,628 26,037 25,174 28,420 29,586 26,060 25,099 25,694 23,094 23,394 23,131 24,239 22,998 23,168 22,316
Liquidity Ratio
Cash ratio1 0.26 0.21 0.51 0.64 0.33 0.37 0.48 0.49 0.44 0.22 0.28 0.38 0.27 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.40
Benchmarks
Cash Ratio, Competitors2
AbbVie Inc. 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.31 0.44 0.34 0.38 0.27 0.24 0.31 0.36 0.25 0.19
Amgen Inc. 0.55 0.48 0.36 0.43 0.39 0.38 0.52 0.44 0.43 0.49 0.60 2.05 2.00 2.22 0.59 0.80 0.57 0.51
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. 0.59 0.55 0.46 0.59 0.49 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.29 0.37 0.55 0.33 0.43 0.49 0.42 0.48 0.63 0.66
Danaher Corp. 0.54 0.76 0.68 0.24 0.44 0.30 0.31 0.36 0.35 0.90 0.71 1.31 1.02 0.85 0.71 0.64 0.53 0.49
Eli Lilly & Co. 0.19 0.14 0.21 0.24 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.22 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.18
Gilead Sciences Inc. 0.29 0.81 0.65 0.60 0.47 0.64 0.83 0.43 0.26 0.36 0.64 0.57 0.48 0.56 0.57 0.54 0.61 0.62
Johnson & Johnson 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.68 0.49 0.39 0.47 0.54 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.42 0.75 0.73 0.70
Pfizer Inc. 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.41 0.35 0.48 0.48 0.23 0.16 0.29 0.27 1.42 1.29 0.55 0.54 0.82 0.70 0.61
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1.45 1.71 1.97 1.91 2.04 2.34 2.28 2.68 2.80 2.94 3.17 2.75 2.88 2.89 2.46 2.44 2.49 2.34
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 0.27 0.22 0.67 0.24 0.50 0.45 0.42 0.46 0.60 0.52 0.58 0.43 0.22 0.22 0.50 0.26 0.17 0.23
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1.99 1.87 1.71 1.40 1.54 1.64 1.72 1.64 1.63 2.68 3.16 3.31 3.35 3.44 3.93 3.74 3.62 3.78

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31).

1 Q2 2026 Calculation
Cash ratio = Total cash assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 7,141 ÷ 27,731 = 0.26

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The liquidity profile exhibits significant volatility over the analyzed period, characterized by fluctuating cash reserves against a generally increasing trend in current liabilities. This dynamic has led to inconsistent cash ratios, indicating periodic shifts in the capacity to cover short-term obligations using only the most liquid assets.

Cash Asset Volatility
Total cash assets displayed substantial variance, reaching a peak of 18,214 million USD in September 2025. This high was preceded by another significant spike in September 2024 at 14,593 million USD. Conversely, sharp contractions occurred in March 2024 and March 2026, with cash levels dropping to 5,619 million USD and 5,702 million USD, respectively, suggesting periodic large-scale cash outflows or strategic reallocations.
Current Liabilities Progression
Current liabilities followed a gradual upward trajectory, increasing from 22,316 million USD in March 2022 to 27,731 million USD by June 2026. A notable escalation in short-term obligations occurred during the 2024 fiscal year, peaking at 29,586 million USD in September 2024, which exerted downward pressure on liquidity metrics during that window.
Cash Ratio Analysis
The cash ratio fluctuated between a low of 0.21 in March 2026 and a high of 0.64 in September 2025. Three distinct cycles are observable: an initial growth phase ending in December 2022 (0.54), a period of contraction reaching a trough in March 2024 (0.22), and a recovery phase peaking in September 2025 (0.64). The final period shows a sharp decline, with the ratio settling at 0.26 by June 2026, indicating a reduced immediate cash cushion relative to current debts.

The divergence between the steady increase in liabilities and the erratic movement of cash assets suggests that short-term liquidity is managed dynamically rather than maintained at a constant level. The recurring patterns of rapid cash accumulation followed by steep declines indicate a cyclical operational or investment cadence.

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