Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc

General Dynamics Corp. (GD)

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin

Difficulty: Beginner

Decomposing ROE involves expressing net income divided by shareholders’ equity as the product of component ratios.

Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of ROE

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
ROE = ROA × Financial Leverage
Dec 31, 2018 28.51% = 7.37% × 3.87
Dec 31, 2017 25.47% = 8.31% × 3.06
Dec 31, 2016 26.92% = 8.99% × 2.99
Dec 31, 2015 27.61% = 9.27% × 2.98
Dec 31, 2014 21.41% = 7.16% × 2.99

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the increase in return on equity ratio (ROE) over 2018 year is the increase in financial leverage ratio.

Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of ROE

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
ROE = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Financial Leverage
Dec 31, 2018 28.51% = 9.24% × 0.80 × 3.87
Dec 31, 2017 25.47% = 9.40% × 0.88 × 3.06
Dec 31, 2016 26.92% = 9.42% × 0.95 × 2.99
Dec 31, 2015 27.61% = 9.42% × 0.98 × 2.98
Dec 31, 2014 21.41% = 8.21% × 0.87 × 2.99

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the increase in return on equity ratio (ROE) over 2018 year is the increase in financial leverage ratio.

Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of ROE

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
ROE = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Financial Leverage
Dec 31, 2018 28.51% = 0.82 × 0.92 × 12.28% × 0.80 × 3.87
Dec 31, 2017 25.47% = 0.71 × 0.97 × 13.54% × 0.88 × 3.06
Dec 31, 2016 26.92% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.47% × 0.95 × 2.99
Dec 31, 2015 27.61% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.35% × 0.98 × 2.98
Dec 31, 2014 21.41% = 0.69 × 0.97 × 12.20% × 0.87 × 2.99

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the increase in return on equity ratio (ROE) over 2018 year is the increase in financial leverage ratio.

Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of ROA

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
ROA = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover
Dec 31, 2018 7.37% = 9.24% × 0.80
Dec 31, 2017 8.31% = 9.40% × 0.88
Dec 31, 2016 8.99% = 9.42% × 0.95
Dec 31, 2015 9.27% = 9.42% × 0.98
Dec 31, 2014 7.16% = 8.21% × 0.87

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on assets ratio (ROA) over 2018 year is the decrease in asset turnover ratio.

Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of ROA

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
ROA = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover
Dec 31, 2018 7.37% = 0.82 × 0.92 × 12.28% × 0.80
Dec 31, 2017 8.31% = 0.71 × 0.97 × 13.54% × 0.88
Dec 31, 2016 8.99% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.47% × 0.95
Dec 31, 2015 9.27% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.35% × 0.98
Dec 31, 2014 7.16% = 0.69 × 0.97 × 12.20% × 0.87

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the decrease in return on assets ratio (ROA) over 2018 year is the decrease in efficiency measured by asset turnover ratio.

Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

General Dynamics Corp., decomposition of net profit margin ratio

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Net Profit Margin = Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin
Dec 31, 2018 9.24% = 0.82 × 0.92 × 12.28%
Dec 31, 2017 9.40% = 0.71 × 0.97 × 13.54%
Dec 31, 2016 9.42% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.47%
Dec 31, 2015 9.42% = 0.72 × 0.98 × 13.35%
Dec 31, 2014 8.21% = 0.69 × 0.97 × 12.20%

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-13), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-09).

The primary reason for the decrease in net profit margin ratio over 2018 year is the decrease in operating profitability measured by EBIT margin ratio.