Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Delta Air Lines Inc., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 1,932) | (13,902) | 6,651) | 6,032) | 6,446) | |
| Invested capital2 | 47,166) | 44,197) | 47,580) | 43,326) | 44,409) | |
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | 4.10% | -31.45% | 13.98% | 13.92% | 14.52% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 11.15% | 4.40% | 2.29% | 9.75% | — | |
| Uber Technologies Inc. | -5.09% | -31.45% | -40.29% | — | — | |
| Union Pacific Corp. | 13.09% | 11.40% | 12.88% | — | — | |
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 34.07% | 3.42% | 14.07% | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 1,932 ÷ 47,166 = 4.10%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Delta Air Lines Inc. ROIC deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 not reaching 2019 level. |
Decomposition of ROIC
Delta Air Lines Inc., decomposition of ROIC
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Delta Air Lines Inc., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 1,932) | (13,902) | 6,651) | 6,032) | 6,446) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 323) | 191) | 44) | (38) | 381) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 2,255) | (13,711) | 6,695) | 5,993) | 6,828) | |
| Operating revenue | 29,899) | 17,095) | 47,007) | 44,438) | 41,244) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in loyalty program deferred revenue | 377) | 454) | 87) | 320) | 192) | |
| Adjusted operating revenue | 30,276) | 17,549) | 47,094) | 44,758) | 41,436) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| OPM3 | 7.45% | -78.13% | 14.22% | 13.39% | 16.48% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 9.60% | 4.03% | 2.35% | 8.39% | — | |
| Uber Technologies Inc. | -2.86% | -57.75% | -56.69% | — | — | |
| Union Pacific Corp. | 44.40% | 41.95% | 40.84% | — | — | |
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 17.83% | 3.14% | 8.61% | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Adjusted operating revenue
= 100 × 2,255 ÷ 30,276 = 7.45%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Delta Air Lines Inc. OPM deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 not reaching 2019 level. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Delta Air Lines Inc., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Operating revenue | 29,899) | 17,095) | 47,007) | 44,438) | 41,244) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in loyalty program deferred revenue | 377) | 454) | 87) | 320) | 192) | |
| Adjusted operating revenue | 30,276) | 17,549) | 47,094) | 44,758) | 41,436) | |
| Invested capital1 | 47,166) | 44,197) | 47,580) | 43,326) | 44,409) | |
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | 0.64 | 0.40 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.93 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 1.31 | 1.20 | 1.31 | 1.22 | — | |
| Uber Technologies Inc. | 1.09 | 0.53 | 0.69 | — | — | |
| Union Pacific Corp. | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.38 | — | — | |
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 2.19 | 2.55 | 2.04 | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2021 Calculation
TO = Adjusted operating revenue ÷ Invested capital
= 30,276 ÷ 47,166 = 0.64
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Delta Air Lines Inc. TO deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Delta Air Lines Inc., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 1,932) | (13,902) | 6,651) | 6,032) | 6,446) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 323) | 191) | 44) | (38) | 381) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 2,255) | (13,711) | 6,695) | 5,993) | 6,828) | |
| Tax Rate | ||||||
| CTR3 | 14.32% | — | 0.66% | -0.64% | 5.58% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 11.08% | 9.29% | 25.81% | 4.95% | — | |
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Union Pacific Corp. | 21.23% | 18.83% | 16.88% | — | — | |
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 12.80% | 57.24% | 19.83% | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × 323 ÷ 2,255 = 14.32%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.