Financial Reporting Quality: Aggregate Accruals
Advanced level
Earnings can be decomposed into cash and accrual components. The accrual component (aggregate accruals) has been found to have less persistence than the cash component, and therefore (1) earnings with higher accrual component are less persistent than earnings with smaller accrual component, all else equal; and (2) the cash component of earnings should receive a higher weighting evaluating company performance.
Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
Micron Technology Inc., balance sheet computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
| Aug 29, 2019 | Aug 30, 2018 | Aug 31, 2017 | Sep 1, 2016 | Sep 3, 2015 | Aug 28, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Assets | |||||||
| Total assets | 48,887 | 43,376 | 35,336 | 27,540 | 24,143 | 22,498 | |
| Less: Cash and equivalents | 7,152 | 6,506 | 5,109 | 4,140 | 2,287 | 4,150 | |
| Less: Short-term investments | 803 | 296 | 319 | 258 | 1,234 | 384 | |
| Operating assets | 40,932 | 36,574 | 29,908 | 23,142 | 20,622 | 17,964 | |
| Operating Liabilities | |||||||
| Total liabilities | 12,019 | 10,112 | 15,845 | 14,612 | 10,855 | 10,868 | |
| Less: Current debt | 1,310 | 859 | 1,262 | 756 | 1,089 | 1,638 | |
| Less: Long-term debt | 4,541 | 3,777 | 9,872 | 9,154 | 6,252 | 4,955 | |
| Operating liabilities | 6,168 | 5,476 | 4,711 | 4,702 | 3,514 | 4,275 | |
| Net operating assets1 | 34,764 | 31,098 | 25,197 | 18,440 | 17,108 | 13,689 | |
| Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals2 | 3,666 | 5,901 | 6,757 | 1,332 | 3,419 | — | |
| Financial Ratio | |||||||
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio3 | 11.13% | 20.96% | 30.97% | 7.49% | 22.20% | — | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors4 | |||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | 28.39% | 49.43% | 33.24% | -57.87% | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | 0.29% | -2.75% | 142.61% | -2.62% | — | — | |
| Apple Inc. | -45.28% | -12.22% | 16.94% | 4.07% | 15.49% | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | 19.87% | 9.56% | 7.98% | -5.41% | 7.76% | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | 27.77% | 29.77% | -9.33% | 130.30% | -4.39% | — | |
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 11.05% | -27.67% | 10.35% | 7.15% | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | 4.20% | 8.12% | 9.37% | 23.70% | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | -6.77% | 10.60% | 0.89% | -0.62% | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | 49.27% | 28.14% | 61.57% | -23.52% | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | 48.90% | -98.54% | -47.48% | -0.74% | 14.83% | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | -5.28% | -1.17% | -6.30% | -2.39% | — | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | |||||||
| Technology Hardware & Equipment | -7.52% | -3.20% | 12.59% | 14.99% | 200.00% | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Technology | 6.22% | 2.01% | 12.50% | 10.58% | 200.00% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-17), 10-K (filing date: 2018-10-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-28), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-27), 10-K (filing date: 2014-10-27).
1 2019 Calculation
Net operating assets = Operating assets – Operating liabilities
= 40,932 – 6,168 = 34,764
2 2019 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals = Net operating assets2019 – Net operating assets2018
= 34,764 – 31,098 = 3,666
3 2019 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio = 100 × Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 3,666 ÷ [(34,764 + 31,098) ÷ 2] = 11.13%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the balance-sheet-based accruals ratio, Micron Technology Inc. improved earnings quality from 2018 to 2019. |
Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio
Micron Technology Inc., cash flow statement computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
| Aug 29, 2019 | Aug 30, 2018 | Aug 31, 2017 | Sep 1, 2016 | Sep 3, 2015 | Aug 28, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income (loss) attributable to Micron | 6,313 | 14,135 | 5,089 | (276) | 2,899 | 3,045 | |
| Less: Net cash provided by operating activities | 13,189 | 17,400 | 8,153 | 3,168 | 5,208 | 5,699 | |
| Less: Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities | (10,085) | (8,216) | (7,537) | (3,068) | (6,232) | (2,453) | |
| Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals | 3,209 | 4,951 | 4,473 | (376) | 3,923 | (201) | |
| Financial Ratio | |||||||
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio1 | 9.74% | 17.59% | 20.50% | -2.12% | 25.48% | — | |
| Benchmarks | |||||||
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors2 | |||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | -0.19% | 43.37% | 12.64% | -103.39% | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | -3.61% | -3.78% | 62.93% | 27.75% | — | — | |
| Apple Inc. | -47.40% | -20.53% | 19.28% | 17.80% | 21.52% | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | -1.09% | -13.49% | 33.14% | -4.57% | 7.15% | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | 18.25% | 23.21% | -13.51% | 23.89% | -10.19% | — | |
| Cisco Systems Inc. | -80.97% | -111.97% | 6.18% | 20.68% | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | 2.52% | 3.32% | 4.12% | 21.28% | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | 16.67% | -78.67% | 47.67% | -28.43% | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | 143.36% | -83.66% | 57.83% | -15.08% | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | -30.37% | -127.94% | -102.91% | 7.18% | 14.30% | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | 3.01% | -15.48% | -5.40% | -3.44% | — | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | |||||||
| Technology Hardware & Equipment | -16.81% | -17.25% | 7.05% | 15.20% | 27.96% | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | |||||||
| Technology | -8.33% | -12.73% | 14.50% | 15.81% | 34.37% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-10-17), 10-K (filing date: 2018-10-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-K (filing date: 2016-10-28), 10-K (filing date: 2015-10-27), 10-K (filing date: 2014-10-27).
1 2019 Calculation
Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio = 100 × Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 3,209 ÷ [(34,764 + 31,098) ÷ 2] = 9.74%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio, Micron Technology Inc. improved earnings quality from 2018 to 2019. |