Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Enterprise Value (EV)

Enterprise value is total company value (the market value of common equity, debt, and preferred equity) minus the value of cash and short-term investments.

• Current EV
• Historical EV

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Measures the income of Microsoft Corp. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Analysis of Debt

• Total Debt (Carrying Amount)
• Total Debt (Fair Value)
• Weighted-average Interest Rate on Debt

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets

Assets components shown as percentage of total assets.

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the adequacy of a Microsoft Corp. cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Common Stock Valuation Ratios
Quarterly Data

Relative valuation technique determine the value of Microsoft Corp. by comparing it to similar entities (like industry or sector) on the basis of several relative ratios that compare its stock price to relevant variables that affect the stock value, such as earnings, book value, and sales.

• Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
• Price to Earnings (P/E)
• Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
• Price to Sales (P/S)
• Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Common Stock Valuation Ratios

Relative valuation technique determine the value of Microsoft Corp. by comparing it to similar entities (like industry or sector) on the basis of several relative ratios that compare its stock price to relevant variables that affect the stock value, such as earnings, book value, and sales.

• Current Valuation Ratios
• Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
• Price to Earnings (P/E)
• Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
• Price to Sales (P/S)
• Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

CAPM is a theory concentrated with deriving the expected rates of return on risky assets based on the assets’ systematic risk levels. Systematic risk is the variability of returns that is due to macroeconomic factors that affect all risky assets. It cannot be eliminated by diversification.

• Rates of Return
• Variance and Covariance
• Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
• Expected Rate of Return

Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the income of Microsoft Corp. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)