Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Geographic Areas

Linde plc operates in 8 regions: United States; China; Germany; United Kingdom; Australia; Mexico; Brazil; and Other, non-U.S..

• Area Asset Turnover
• Sales
• Long-lived assets

Aggregate Accruals

Financial reporting quality relates to the accuracy with which Linde plc reported financial statements reflect its operating performance and to their usefulness for forecasting future cash flows.
Aggregate accruals deriving measures of the accrual component of Linde plc earnings.

• Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
• Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio

Enterprise Value (EV)

Enterprise value is total company value (the market value of common equity, debt, and preferred equity) minus the value of cash and short-term investments.

• Current EV
• Historical EV

Common-Size Income Statement

Income statement components (revenues and expenses) shown as percentage of total sales.

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin

An approach to decomposing Linde plc return on equity, return on assets, and net profit margin ratio as the product of other financial ratios.

• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios

Measures the adequacy of Linde plc cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios

Evaluates revenues and output generated by the Linde plc assets. Operating performance ratios describe the relationship between the Linde plc level of operations and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.

• Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Inventory Turnover
• Receivables Turnover
• Payables Turnover
• Working Capital Turnover
• Average Inventory Processing Period
• Average Receivable Collection Period
• Operating Cycle
• Average Payables Payment Period
• Cash Conversion Cycle

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the adequacy of a Linde plc cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Cash Flow Statement
Quarterly Data

The cash flow statement provides information about Linde plc cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on Linde plc balance sheet.

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures how efficiently Linde plc generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover

Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)

Free cash flow to equity is the cash flow available to Linde plc equity holders after all operating expenses, interest, and principal payments have been paid and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made.

• Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
• P to FCFE Ratio, Current
• P to FCFE Ratio, Historical