Profitability ratios measure the company’s ability to generate profitable sales from its resources (assets).

UnitedHealth Group Inc., profitability ratios

Ratio	Description	The company
Gross profit margin	Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s gross profit margin deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Operating profit margin	A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s operating profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Ratio	Description	The company
ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., gross profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Gross profit
	Revenues
	Ratio
	Gross profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Gross Profit Margin, Competitors
	Becton, Dickinson & Co.
	Intuitive Surgical Inc.
	Medtronic PLC
	Stryker Corp.
	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

2018 Calculations

¹ Gross profit margin = 100 × Gross profit ÷ Revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Gross profit margin	Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s gross profit margin deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., operating profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Earnings from operations
	Revenues
	Ratio
	Operating profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Operating Profit Margin, Competitors
	Becton, Dickinson & Co.
	Intuitive Surgical Inc.
	Medtronic PLC
	Stryker Corp.
	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
	Operating Profit Margin, Sector
	Health Care Equipment & Services
	Operating Profit Margin, Industry
	Health Care

2018 Calculations

¹ Operating profit margin = 100 × Earnings from operations ÷ Revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Operating profit margin	A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s operating profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., net profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
	Revenues
	Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Net Profit Margin, Competitors
	Becton, Dickinson & Co.
	Intuitive Surgical Inc.
	Medtronic PLC
	Stryker Corp.
	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
	Net Profit Margin, Sector
	Health Care Equipment & Services
	Net Profit Margin, Industry
	Health Care

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Revenues
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., ROE calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
	Shareholders’ equity
	Ratio
	ROE¹
	Benchmarks
	ROE, Competitors
	Becton, Dickinson & Co.
	Intuitive Surgical Inc.
	Medtronic PLC
	Stryker Corp.
	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
	ROE, Sector
	Health Care Equipment & Services
	ROE, Industry
	Health Care

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Shareholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

UnitedHealth Group Inc., ROA calculation, comparison to benchmarks

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
	Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders
	Total assets
	Ratio
	ROA¹
	Benchmarks
	ROA, Competitors
	Becton, Dickinson & Co.
	Intuitive Surgical Inc.
	Medtronic PLC
	Stryker Corp.
	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
	ROA, Sector
	Health Care Equipment & Services
	ROA, Industry
	Health Care

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net earnings attributable to UnitedHealth Group common shareholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets.	UnitedHealth Group Inc.’s ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

	UnitedHealth Group Inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis
Financial Reporting Quality

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Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis
Financial Reporting Quality

UnitedHealth Group Inc. (UNH)

Profitability Analysis