Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
Union Pacific Corp., solvency ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
- Debt to Equity
- The debt to equity ratio exhibited an initial decline from 1.74 in early 2020 to 1.58 at the end of 2020, indicating a reduction in leverage. However, it increased sharply through 2021, peaking near 2.85 in late 2022, before gradually declining again to 1.84 by late 2025. This pattern suggests fluctuating use of debt relative to equity, with a notable increase during mid-2020 to late 2022, followed by deleveraging in the subsequent years.
- Debt to Equity (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- The trend incorporating operating lease liabilities closely mirrors the standard debt to equity ratio, maintaining slightly higher values throughout the timeline. It follows the same pattern of increase to a peak in 2022 and gradual decline through 2025, highlighting the impact of lease liabilities on overall leverage.
- Debt to Capital
- This ratio gradually rose from 0.64 at the beginning of 2020 to a high around 0.74 by 2022, then declined steadily to near 0.65 by late 2025. The increase indicates a growing proportion of debt in the company's capital structure during 2020-2022, with a subsequent shift towards a more balanced or equity-heavy capital mix in later periods.
- Debt to Capital (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- Including operating leases resulted in slightly higher debt to capital figures but reflected the same overall trend of increasing leverage through 2022 and normalization thereafter. This reinforces the significance of lease obligations in evaluating capital structure.
- Debt to Assets
- The debt to assets ratio showed a modest increase from 0.45 in early 2020 to about 0.51 during 2022, followed by a gradual decrease back to 0.46 by late 2025. The inclusion of operating leases raised this ratio by a small margin but did not alter the overall pattern, suggesting a relatively stable proportion of debt financing relative to total assets with moderate fluctuation.
- Financial Leverage
- Financial leverage climbed from approximately 3.7 in 2020 to a peak above 5.5 in 2022, indicating increasing dependency on fixed financial obligations relative to equity. Subsequently, leverage decreased steadily to around 4.0 by the end of the forecast period, implying a deleveraging phase and a move toward a less aggressive capital structure.
- Interest Coverage
- Interest coverage ratios were recorded starting in late 2020, showing consistent strength in the range of roughly 7.0 to 8.5 throughout the timeframe. Despite fluctuations, the ratio maintained a sufficient buffer above commonly accepted thresholds, reflecting the company's robust ability to meet interest obligations across all observed periods.
Debt Ratios
Coverage Ratios
Debt to Equity
Union Pacific Corp., debt to equity calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 17,304) | 16,258) | 16,039) | 16,890) | 16,584) | 16,489) | 15,665) | 14,788) | 14,004) | 13,194) | 12,454) | 12,163) | 11,743) | 12,710) | 11,897) | 14,161) | 13,917) | 14,303) | 16,254) | 16,958) | 17,199) | 16,452) | 15,991) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to equity1 | 1.84 | 2.02 | 2.05 | 1.85 | 1.89 | 1.93 | 2.04 | 2.20 | 2.35 | 2.52 | 2.71 | 2.74 | 2.85 | 2.52 | 2.71 | 2.10 | 2.11 | 2.01 | 1.64 | 1.58 | 1.63 | 1.73 | 1.74 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.03 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.04 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.50 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 1.78 | 2.02 | 2.19 | 2.26 | 2.49 | 2.78 | 3.24 | 3.40 | 3.57 | 4.17 | 4.80 | 4.68 | 6.74 | 8.55 | 9.55 | 7.03 | 6.55 | 7.39 | 5.69 | 4.75 | 4.03 | 2.25 | 1.88 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 1.57 | 1.36 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.84 | 2.09 | 3.32 | 37.53 | 4.60 | 6.18 | 8.67 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Common shareholders’ equity
= 31,807 ÷ 17,304 = 1.84
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals several notable trends regarding the company's debt and equity structure over the observed periods.
- Total debt
- The total debt levels show a fluctuating pattern with a general upward trend from the beginning towards the mid-periods, peaking around the early 2020s, then stabilizing and slightly declining in the most recent quarters. Initial quarters started with a total debt of approximately 27,876 million USD, increasing to a peak exceeding 33,000 million USD around 2022 and 2023, followed by a mild reduction towards the end of the available data.
- Common shareholders’ equity
- The equity component exhibits a downward trend in the early periods from about 16,000 million USD to a low near 11,700 million USD by late 2021. Post this low, the equity value gradually increased, showing a recovery with a consistent rise toward the later periods, reaching around 17,300 million USD by the final quarter observed. This indicates a strengthening equity base in the more recent quarters following a phase of decline.
- Debt to equity ratio
- The debt-to-equity ratio demonstrates significant volatility. Initially, the ratio declined from approximately 1.74 to 1.58 in the first year, suggesting a reduction in leverage. However, it then sharply increased to a peak around 2.85 during 2022, indicating heightened leverage levels relative to shareholders’ equity. Following this peak, the ratio gradually decreased again, approaching values near 1.84 by the latest quarter. This pattern aligns with the simultaneous changes in debt and equity, reflecting fluctuating risk and capital structure posture throughout the timeline.
In summary, the company experienced increased leverage during the middle periods driven by rising debt and declining equity, followed by a period of deleveraging as equity recovered and debt levels stabilized or slightly decreased. This cyclical adjustment in the financial structure might reflect strategic responses to market conditions or internal financial management aimed at balancing growth and risk exposure.
Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
Union Pacific Corp., debt to equity (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 764) | 831) | 758) | 925) | 934) | 988) | 1,016) | 1,245) | 1,244) | 1,217) | 1,233) | 1,300) | 1,303) | 1,295) | 1,291) | 1,429) | 1,262) | 1,256) | 1,171) | 1,283) | 1,293) | 1,320) | 1,339) | |||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 32,571) | 33,644) | 33,600) | 32,117) | 32,347) | 32,880) | 32,944) | 33,824) | 34,121) | 34,519) | 35,017) | 34,626) | 34,725) | 33,302) | 33,530) | 31,158) | 30,657) | 30,068) | 27,853) | 28,012) | 29,353) | 29,749) | 29,215) | |||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 17,304) | 16,258) | 16,039) | 16,890) | 16,584) | 16,489) | 15,665) | 14,788) | 14,004) | 13,194) | 12,454) | 12,163) | 11,743) | 12,710) | 11,897) | 14,161) | 13,917) | 14,303) | 16,254) | 16,958) | 17,199) | 16,452) | 15,991) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to equity (including operating lease liability)1 | 1.88 | 2.07 | 2.09 | 1.90 | 1.95 | 1.99 | 2.10 | 2.29 | 2.44 | 2.62 | 2.81 | 2.85 | 2.96 | 2.62 | 2.82 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 1.71 | 1.65 | 1.71 | 1.81 | 1.83 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 1.39 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 1.42 | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.47 | 1.54 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.49 | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.75 | 1.83 | 1.95 | 1.97 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 1.81 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.77 | 1.68 | 1.25 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.65 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 2.19 | 2.45 | 2.61 | 2.65 | 2.92 | 3.25 | 3.79 | 3.94 | 4.15 | 4.85 | 5.58 | 5.41 | 7.84 | 9.94 | 11.12 | 8.17 | 7.60 | 8.52 | 6.77 | 5.69 | 4.83 | 2.92 | 2.49 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 1.84 | 1.63 | 1.53 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 1.44 | 1.54 | 1.33 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.19 | 1.41 | 1.48 | 1.65 | 1.79 | 2.13 | 2.42 | 3.75 | 42.24 | 5.14 | 6.86 | 9.58 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to equity (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Common shareholders’ equity
= 32,571 ÷ 17,304 = 1.88
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals distinct trends in the company's capital structure, focusing on total debt, common shareholders’ equity, and the debt-to-equity ratio over several years.
- Total Debt (including operating lease liability)
- The company's total debt showed fluctuation throughout the observed periods. Initially, debt levels hovered around the 29,000 to 31,000 million USD range until early 2021. Subsequently, there was a noticeable increase starting in early 2022, peaking around mid-2022 and late 2023, with figures near or above 34,000 million USD. Towards the most recent quarters, a gradual reduction in total debt is observed, trending downwards to approximately 32,500 million USD by late 2025. This pattern indicates cycles of increased debt-financing followed by periods of consolidation or repayment.
- Common Shareholders’ Equity
- Equity values presented a declining trend from early 2020 through 2021, dropping from approximately 16,000 million USD to roughly 14,000 million USD by the end of 2021. During the first half of 2022, equity levels fluctuated but generally remained lower than prior periods, consistent with a trough around late 2021 and early 2022 near 11,700 million USD. From 2023 onwards, shareholders’ equity shows a consistent upward trajectory, growing steadily to exceed 17,000 million USD by the last recorded quarter. This upward trend suggests improvement in retained earnings or equity financing in the latter periods.
- Debt to Equity Ratio (including operating lease liability)
- The debt-to-equity ratio exhibited notable volatility reflecting the interplay between debt and equity changes. Initially, the ratio decreased from about 1.83 in early 2020 to a low of 1.65 by the end of 2020, indicating a relatively balanced financial structure. However, during 2021, the ratio spiked significantly above 2.0, reaching approximately 2.2, and consistently remained high throughout 2022, peaking near 3.0. After this peak, the ratio gradually moderated through 2023 and onward, falling below 2.0 in late 2024 and fluctuating near 1.9 towards the most recent data points. This movement suggests periods of increased leverage followed by deleveraging initiatives and a strengthening equity base.
Overall, the financial data indicates that the company underwent phases of higher leverage and debt accumulation around 2021 and 2022, alongside a weakening equity position. Subsequently, there is evidence of financial stabilization and improved capital structure dynamics, characterized by increasing equity and reduced leverage ratios in the most recent years. The trend toward balancing debt and equity levels may reflect strategic efforts to optimize the capital structure and manage financial risk effectively.
Debt to Capital
Union Pacific Corp., debt to capital calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 17,304) | 16,258) | 16,039) | 16,890) | 16,584) | 16,489) | 15,665) | 14,788) | 14,004) | 13,194) | 12,454) | 12,163) | 11,743) | 12,710) | 11,897) | 14,161) | 13,917) | 14,303) | 16,254) | 16,958) | 17,199) | 16,452) | 15,991) | |||||||
| Total capital | 49,111) | 49,071) | 48,881) | 48,082) | 47,997) | 48,381) | 47,593) | 47,367) | 46,881) | 46,496) | 46,238) | 45,489) | 45,165) | 44,717) | 44,136) | 43,890) | 43,312) | 43,115) | 42,936) | 43,687) | 45,259) | 44,881) | 43,867) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to capital1 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.64 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.51 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.33 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.65 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.90 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 31,807 ÷ 49,111 = 0.65
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Total Debt
- The total debt level displayed a generally increasing trend starting from approximately $27.9 billion in the first quarter of 2020, reaching a peak nearing $33.8 billion by the first quarter of 2023. Subsequent quarters showed a gradual decrease, with the debt reducing to around $31.8 billion by the third quarter of 2025. The debt levels fluctuated moderately throughout the period but maintained an overall upward trajectory in the early years before trending downward toward the end of the period.
- Total Capital
- Total capital exhibited a steady growth trend over the examined time frame. Beginning at roughly $43.9 billion in the first quarter of 2020, it showed consistent increases with minor fluctuations, peaking near $49.1 billion by the third quarter of 2025. This indicates a strengthening capital base, reflecting either retained earnings growth, equity issuance, or a combination thereof, supporting the company's financial stability despite debt fluctuations.
- Debt to Capital Ratio
- The debt to capital ratio started moderately high at approximately 0.64 in early 2020, then declined to about 0.61 by the end of 2020, suggesting an improved balance between debt and total capital. However, the ratio increased sharply in 2021 to around 0.68 and peaked further at approximately 0.74 in late 2022, reflecting a period where debt growth outpaced capital increases. From early 2023 onward, the ratio gradually declined to approximately 0.65 by late 2025, indicating a reduction in financial leverage and a stronger capital position relative to debt. Overall, the ratio reflects a cyclical pattern with a peak in leverage around 2022, followed by deleveraging through 2025.
- Summary
- The financial data reveals an initial period of rising debt and moderate capital growth leading to increased leverage through 2022. From 2023 onwards, the company appears to actively manage and reduce leverage by slightly decreasing debt levels while continuing steady capital growth, resulting in improved financial ratios and potentially enhanced creditworthiness. The patterns indicate focused financial strategy adjustments to balance growth, leverage, and capital structure over the observed five-year period.
Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
Union Pacific Corp., debt to capital (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 764) | 831) | 758) | 925) | 934) | 988) | 1,016) | 1,245) | 1,244) | 1,217) | 1,233) | 1,300) | 1,303) | 1,295) | 1,291) | 1,429) | 1,262) | 1,256) | 1,171) | 1,283) | 1,293) | 1,320) | 1,339) | |||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 32,571) | 33,644) | 33,600) | 32,117) | 32,347) | 32,880) | 32,944) | 33,824) | 34,121) | 34,519) | 35,017) | 34,626) | 34,725) | 33,302) | 33,530) | 31,158) | 30,657) | 30,068) | 27,853) | 28,012) | 29,353) | 29,749) | 29,215) | |||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 17,304) | 16,258) | 16,039) | 16,890) | 16,584) | 16,489) | 15,665) | 14,788) | 14,004) | 13,194) | 12,454) | 12,163) | 11,743) | 12,710) | 11,897) | 14,161) | 13,917) | 14,303) | 16,254) | 16,958) | 17,199) | 16,452) | 15,991) | |||||||
| Total capital (including operating lease liability) | 49,875) | 49,902) | 49,639) | 49,007) | 48,931) | 49,369) | 48,609) | 48,612) | 48,125) | 47,713) | 47,471) | 46,789) | 46,468) | 46,012) | 45,427) | 45,319) | 44,574) | 44,371) | 44,107) | 44,970) | 46,552) | 46,201) | 45,206) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to capital (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.65 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.40 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.71 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.91 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to capital (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total capital (including operating lease liability)
= 32,571 ÷ 49,875 = 0.65
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the financial data reveals several notable trends concerning the company's leverage and capital structure over multiple quarters.
- Total Debt (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- The total debt level exhibited fluctuations throughout the periods observed. Initially, there was a slight increase from approximately $29.2 billion to near $31.2 billion within the first two years. Following this peak, total debt displayed periods of moderate decline and slight rebounds, ending near $32.6 billion in the most recent quarter. This suggests an overall moderately stable debt position with occasional adjustments possibly reflecting financing activities or lease obligations changes.
- Total Capital (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- Total capital values demonstrated a gradual upward trend over the entire timeframe. Starting around $45.2 billion, the figure incrementally rose to approximately $49.9 billion by the latest quarter. The steady increase in capital indicates accumulation of equity, retained earnings, or reinvestments, contributing to enhanced financial capacity.
- Debt to Capital Ratio (Including Operating Lease Liability)
- The leverage ratio showed initial improvement, decreasing from 0.65 to around 0.62 early in the data before rising significantly to a peak of 0.75 by late 2022. Subsequent quarters revealed a gradual reduction in this ratio down to 0.65, suggesting active management of debt relative to total capital. The peak indicates a period of increased leverage, possibly from additional debt financing or slower capital growth, followed by a cautious deleveraging phase.
Overall, the company maintained a capital structure with a debt-to-capital ratio generally between 0.62 and 0.75, reflecting a moderate to high leverage stance. The increase in total capital alongside fluctuating but controlled debt levels implies strategic financial management aimed at balancing growth and risk.
Debt to Assets
Union Pacific Corp., debt to assets calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Total assets | 68,647) | 68,576) | 68,492) | 67,715) | 67,570) | 67,817) | 67,266) | 67,132) | 66,540) | 66,033) | 65,968) | 65,449) | 65,343) | 64,440) | 64,051) | 63,525) | 62,360) | 62,073) | 61,793) | 62,398) | 63,714) | 63,555) | 62,216) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to assets1 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.45 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.27 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.19 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 0.33 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.47 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 31,807 ÷ 68,647 = 0.46
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the financial data over multiple quarters reveals several key trends in the company's leverage and asset base.
- Total Debt
- The total debt showed a slight fluctuation between the first quarter of 2020 and the end of 2021, starting at approximately 27,876 million USD and rising to nearly 29,729 million USD. From 2022 onward, total debt continued to increase, reaching a peak around 33,784 million USD in the first quarter of 2023. Subsequently, a gradual decrease is observed, with debt levels declining to approximately 31,807 million USD by the third quarter of 2025. This pattern indicates a period of debt accumulation followed by modest deleveraging towards the later periods.
- Total Assets
- The total assets displayed a steady upward trend throughout the entire period. From 62,216 million USD at the beginning of 2020, total assets gradually increased to about 68,647 million USD by the third quarter of 2025. The continuous asset growth suggests ongoing investment or asset appreciation, supporting business expansion or capital intensity.
- Debt to Assets Ratio
- The debt to assets ratio began at 0.45 in the first quarter of 2020 and decreased slightly to 0.43 by the end of 2020, reflecting a period of relatively stronger asset base compared to debt. However, from early 2021, this ratio rose, peaking at approximately 0.51 in early 2022 and 2023. After this apex, the ratio showed a steady decline to about 0.46 by the third quarter of 2025. This movement highlights an initial phase of increased leverage followed by a phase where the company reduced relative indebtedness, improving its balance sheet leverage position towards the end of the observed period.
Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
Union Pacific Corp., debt to assets (including operating lease liability) calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt due within one year | 1,521) | 2,522) | 2,227) | 1,425) | 1,652) | 727) | 733) | 1,423) | 1,724) | 1,745) | 2,592) | 1,678) | 1,678) | 2,334) | 1,559) | 2,166) | 1,835) | 1,110) | 1,565) | 1,069) | 1,980) | 1,990) | 1,511) | |||||||
| Debt due after one year | 30,286) | 30,291) | 30,615) | 29,767) | 29,761) | 31,165) | 31,195) | 31,156) | 31,153) | 31,557) | 31,192) | 31,648) | 31,744) | 29,673) | 30,680) | 27,563) | 27,560) | 27,702) | 25,117) | 25,660) | 26,080) | 26,439) | 26,365) | |||||||
| Total debt | 31,807) | 32,813) | 32,842) | 31,192) | 31,413) | 31,892) | 31,928) | 32,579) | 32,877) | 33,302) | 33,784) | 33,326) | 33,422) | 32,007) | 32,239) | 29,729) | 29,395) | 28,812) | 26,682) | 26,729) | 28,060) | 28,429) | 27,876) | |||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 764) | 831) | 758) | 925) | 934) | 988) | 1,016) | 1,245) | 1,244) | 1,217) | 1,233) | 1,300) | 1,303) | 1,295) | 1,291) | 1,429) | 1,262) | 1,256) | 1,171) | 1,283) | 1,293) | 1,320) | 1,339) | |||||||
| Total debt (including operating lease liability) | 32,571) | 33,644) | 33,600) | 32,117) | 32,347) | 32,880) | 32,944) | 33,824) | 34,121) | 34,519) | 35,017) | 34,626) | 34,725) | 33,302) | 33,530) | 31,158) | 30,657) | 30,068) | 27,853) | 28,012) | 29,353) | 29,749) | 29,215) | |||||||
| Total assets | 68,647) | 68,576) | 68,492) | 67,715) | 67,570) | 67,817) | 67,266) | 67,132) | 66,540) | 66,033) | 65,968) | 65,449) | 65,343) | 64,440) | 64,051) | 63,525) | 62,360) | 62,073) | 61,793) | 62,398) | 63,714) | 63,555) | 62,216) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to assets (including operating lease liability)1 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability), Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.48 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.25 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.44 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.52 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Debt to assets (including operating lease liability) = Total debt (including operating lease liability) ÷ Total assets
= 32,571 ÷ 68,647 = 0.47
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals the following trends regarding the company's leverage and asset base over the observed periods.
- Total debt (including operating lease liability)
- The total debt level displayed some fluctuations over the examined quarters. Beginning at approximately $29.2 billion at the end of the first quarter in 2020, debt saw a modest rise toward mid-2020 and reached a peak around the end of 2021 exceeding $31 billion. Thereafter, debt moderately declined with some variability, ending in the most recent periods at levels around $32.5 billion to $33.6 billion. This indicates a general stabilization in debt levels after a phase of incremental growth largely through 2021.
- Total assets
- Total assets exhibited a consistent upward trajectory during the period under review. Starting from about $62.2 billion in the first quarter of 2020, total assets increased gradually and steadily, reaching nearly $68.6 billion by the third quarter of 2025. The growth in assets suggests ongoing investment or accumulation of resources which contributed to the expansion of the company's asset base over time.
- Debt to assets ratio (including operating lease liability)
- The debt to assets ratio demonstrated variability indicative of the interplay between debt levels and asset growth. Initially around 0.47 in early 2020, the ratio saw a decrease to approximately 0.45 at the end of 2020, reflecting a relatively faster growth in assets compared to debt during that timeframe. The ratio increased somewhat through 2021, peaking near 0.53, aligned with the earlier noted rise in debt. Subsequent quarters showed a decline in the debt to assets ratio, stabilizing near 0.47 by the most recent data points. This decline suggests either a reduction in relative indebtedness or a stronger growth in asset holdings outpacing debt increases.
In summary, the company experienced stable to slightly rising debt levels through 2021 followed by moderate reductions, alongside a steady increase in its total assets. The debt to assets ratio fluctuated accordingly but trended downward toward the latter periods, indicating improving leverage metrics and potentially enhanced financial flexibility or capacity.
Financial Leverage
Union Pacific Corp., financial leverage calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 68,647) | 68,576) | 68,492) | 67,715) | 67,570) | 67,817) | 67,266) | 67,132) | 66,540) | 66,033) | 65,968) | 65,449) | 65,343) | 64,440) | 64,051) | 63,525) | 62,360) | 62,073) | 61,793) | 62,398) | 63,714) | 63,555) | 62,216) | |||||||
| Common shareholders’ equity | 17,304) | 16,258) | 16,039) | 16,890) | 16,584) | 16,489) | 15,665) | 14,788) | 14,004) | 13,194) | 12,454) | 12,163) | 11,743) | 12,710) | 11,897) | 14,161) | 13,917) | 14,303) | 16,254) | 16,958) | 17,199) | 16,452) | 15,991) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leverage1 | 3.97 | 4.22 | 4.27 | 4.01 | 4.07 | 4.11 | 4.29 | 4.54 | 4.75 | 5.00 | 5.30 | 5.38 | 5.56 | 5.07 | 5.38 | 4.49 | 4.48 | 4.34 | 3.80 | 3.68 | 3.70 | 3.86 | 3.89 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 3.18 | 3.23 | 3.19 | 3.15 | 3.26 | 3.29 | 3.30 | 3.34 | 3.47 | 3.55 | 3.41 | 3.45 | 3.43 | 3.38 | 3.37 | 3.43 | 3.77 | 3.86 | 3.99 | 4.02 | 3.72 | 3.75 | 3.77 | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 2.48 | 2.40 | 2.38 | 3.19 | 3.36 | 3.58 | 3.44 | 3.84 | 3.93 | 4.32 | 4.37 | 4.98 | 4.66 | 3.68 | 2.68 | 2.65 | 2.56 | 2.55 | 2.71 | 3.23 | 2.96 | 2.65 | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 5.33 | 5.77 | 6.03 | 5.84 | 6.35 | 6.96 | 7.83 | 7.63 | 8.26 | 9.52 | 10.56 | 9.77 | 14.08 | 17.76 | 19.05 | 13.56 | 12.76 | 14.49 | 11.84 | 9.99 | 8.74 | 6.45 | 5.63 | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 4.50 | 4.37 | 4.19 | 4.05 | 4.08 | 4.00 | 4.09 | 3.67 | 3.51 | 3.60 | 3.59 | 4.10 | 4.30 | 4.55 | 4.87 | 5.46 | 6.00 | 8.86 | 94.99 | 11.16 | 14.22 | 18.46 | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Common shareholders’ equity
= 68,647 ÷ 17,304 = 3.97
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The data exhibits the evolution of total assets, common shareholders’ equity, and financial leverage over multiple quarters spanning from March 2020 to September 2025.
- Total Assets (US$ in millions)
- Total assets show a generally upward trend across the entire period. Starting at 62,216 million in early 2020, the asset base experiences modest fluctuations but rises steadily to reach around 68,647 million by late 2025. This growth suggests continuous asset accumulation or valuation increases, reflecting expansion or reinvestment strategies over time.
- Common Shareholders’ Equity (US$ in millions)
- Equity demonstrates more variability compared to total assets. Initially, equity increases from 15,991 million in March 2020, peaking near 17,199 million in late 2020. Subsequently, it declines notably during 2021 and early 2022, reaching a lower point around 11,743 million. From there, equity gradually recovers and grows steadily through 2023 and into 2025, reaching approximately 17,304 million by the third quarter of 2025. The decline in equity within the 2021-2022 timeframe could indicate share buybacks, dividend payments, or losses, while the subsequent recovery implies restoration of capital or retained earnings growth.
- Financial Leverage (ratio)
- The financial leverage ratio fluctuates significantly over the span. Beginning at 3.89 in March 2020, it decreases slightly into late 2020 but then rises sharply through 2021, peaking at around 5.56. Following this peak, leverage begins a steady decline, reducing to approximately 3.97 by late 2025. The increase in leverage in 2021 suggests a rise in debt relative to equity, possibly owing to increased borrowing or decreased equity. Its subsequent decrease reflects a reduction in relative debt levels or strengthening equity, enhancing the company’s financial stability and reducing risk exposure.
Overall, the entity demonstrates consistent asset growth alongside a cyclical equity movement and corresponding leverage adjustments, indicating phases of strategic financial restructuring and capital management efforts aimed at balancing growth with financial risk moderation.
Interest Coverage
Union Pacific Corp., interest coverage calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 1,788) | 1,876) | 1,626) | 1,762) | 1,671) | 1,673) | 1,641) | 1,652) | 1,528) | 1,569) | 1,630) | 1,638) | 1,895) | 1,835) | 1,630) | 1,711) | 1,673) | 1,798) | 1,341) | 1,380) | 1,363) | 1,132) | 1,474) | |||||||
| Add: Income tax expense | 530) | 437) | 501) | 519) | 518) | 511) | 499) | 532) | 421) | 389) | 512) | 533) | 547) | 507) | 487) | 517) | 507) | 518) | 413) | 413) | 410) | 364) | 444) | |||||||
| Add: Interest expense | 327) | 335) | 322) | 312) | 314) | 319) | 324) | 331) | 334) | 339) | 336) | 333) | 315) | 316) | 307) | 295) | 290) | 282) | 290) | 279) | 295) | 289) | 278) | |||||||
| Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) | 2,645) | 2,648) | 2,449) | 2,593) | 2,503) | 2,503) | 2,464) | 2,515) | 2,283) | 2,297) | 2,478) | 2,504) | 2,757) | 2,658) | 2,424) | 2,523) | 2,470) | 2,598) | 2,044) | 2,072) | 2,068) | 1,785) | 2,196) | |||||||
| Solvency Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest coverage1 | 7.97 | 7.94 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.75 | 7.47 | 7.20 | 7.14 | 7.13 | 7.59 | 8.00 | 8.14 | 8.40 | 8.34 | 8.53 | 8.33 | 8.05 | 7.66 | 6.91 | 7.12 | — | — | — | |||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Coverage, Competitors2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | — | 14.78 | 13.09 | 8.81 | 9.95 | 5.18 | 4.12 | 4.74 | 2.67 | 0.55 | -4.42 | -15.49 | -15.64 | -19.05 | -13.64 | -1.20 | -4.91 | -1.89 | -7.20 | -14.24 | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 4.54 | 4.43 | 4.65 | 3.97 | 3.40 | 3.34 | 3.02 | 2.91 | 3.09 | 2.92 | 2.44 | 1.59 | 0.40 | 0.06 | -0.56 | -0.62 | -1.71 | -4.00 | -6.18 | -7.89 | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | — | 8.86 | 9.32 | 9.59 | 9.74 | 9.29 | 10.58 | 11.92 | 15.44 | 18.59 | 20.44 | 22.06 | 21.60 | 21.21 | 20.95 | 24.91 | 12.99 | 12.33 | 10.56 | 3.63 | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2025 Calculation
Interest coverage
= (EBITQ3 2025
+ EBITQ2 2025
+ EBITQ1 2025
+ EBITQ4 2024)
÷ (Interest expenseQ3 2025
+ Interest expenseQ2 2025
+ Interest expenseQ1 2025
+ Interest expenseQ4 2024)
= (2,645 + 2,648 + 2,449 + 2,593)
÷ (327 + 335 + 322 + 312)
= 7.97
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial analysis of the company over the reported periods reveals several notable trends in earnings before interest and tax (EBIT), interest expense, and interest coverage ratios.
- Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT)
-
EBIT exhibited fluctuations across the quarters, with a general tendency towards stability in recent periods. Beginning at 2,196 million USD in the first quarter of 2020, the EBIT initially declined in the subsequent two quarters to reach a low of 1,785 million USD mid-2020.
From the fourth quarter of 2020 onwards, EBIT demonstrated an upward movement reaching 2,598 million USD by the second quarter of 2021. The subsequent quarters showcased moderate variability, with EBIT sustaining values predominantly above 2,400 million USD. There was a minor dip in the middle quarters of 2023, but the EBIT rebounded towards the end of the period, closing at amounts similar to early 2024 levels.
- Interest Expense
-
Interest expense trended upward over the timeframe. Starting at 278 million USD in the first quarter of 2020, this expense gradually increased to peak around 339 million USD in the second quarter of 2023.
Despite this rising trend, the interest expense remained relatively stable between quarters, with slight decreases observed intermittently, such as after peaks. The data suggest a modest but steady increase in borrowing costs or debt levels over the reported terms.
- Interest Coverage Ratio
-
This ratio, indicating the firm's ability to meet interest obligations from EBIT, was provided starting from the fourth quarter of 2020. It ranged from 6.91 to 8.53, showing overall strength in the company’s capacity to cover interest expenses.
The interest coverage ratio improved from around 7 in late 2020 to above 8 by early 2022, highlighting increased financial robustness during that period. In subsequent quarters, the ratio slightly declined but remained within the range of approximately 7.1 to 7.9, reflecting a consistently comfortable ability to service debt despite the incremental rise in interest expense.
In summary, the company maintained stable and robust EBIT levels after an initial volatility phase in early 2020, accompanied by a gradual increase in interest expenses. Nevertheless, the company sustained strong interest coverage ratios, reflecting sound financial health and effective management of interest obligations through the periods analyzed.