An operating lease is treated like a rental contract. Neither the leased asset nor the associated liability is reported on the lessee balance sheet, but the rights may be very similar to the rights of an owner. The lessee only records the lease payments as a rental expense in income statement.

Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases
Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Debt to Equity
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in thousands

	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017
Adjustment to Total Assets
Total assets (as reported)	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	27,698,270)	22,296,317)
Add: Operating lease right-of-use asset (before adoption of FASB Topic 842)¹	—)	—)	—)	527,340)	176,834)
Total assets (adjusted)	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	28,225,610)	22,473,151)
Adjustment to Total Debt
Total debt (as reported)	21,090,340)	19,329,043)	11,034,876)	10,777,699)	7,539,451)
Add: Operating lease liability (before adoption of FASB Topic 842)²	—)	—)	—)	527,340)	176,834)
Add: Current portion of operating lease liabilities	68,922)	102,677)	96,976)	—)	—)
Add: Long-term operating lease liabilities	534,726)	563,876)	601,641)	—)	—)
Total debt (adjusted)	21,693,988)	19,995,596)	11,733,493)	11,305,039)	7,716,285)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).

^{1, 2} Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments.

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

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Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., adjusted financial ratios

	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017
Total Asset Turnover¹
Reported total asset turnover	0.05	0.07	0.36	0.34	0.39
Adjusted total asset turnover	0.05	0.07	0.36	0.34	0.39
Debt to Equity²
Reported debt to equity	4.15	2.21	0.91	0.97	0.70
Adjusted debt to equity	4.27	2.28	0.96	1.02	0.72
Return on Assets³ (ROA)
Reported ROA	-16.31%	-17.86%	6.20%	6.54%	7.29%
Adjusted ROA	-16.31%	-17.86%	6.20%	6.42%	7.23%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).

¹ See details »

² See details »

³ See details »

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021.
Adjusted debt to equity	A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted debt to equity ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021.

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

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	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Revenues	1,532,133)	2,208,805)	10,950,661)	9,493,849)	8,777,845)
Total assets	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	27,698,270)	22,296,317)
Activity Ratio
Total asset turnover¹	0.05	0.07	0.36	0.34	0.39
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Revenues	1,532,133)	2,208,805)	10,950,661)	9,493,849)	8,777,845)
Adjusted total assets	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	28,225,610)	22,473,151)
Activity Ratio
Adjusted total asset turnover²	0.05	0.07	0.36	0.34	0.39

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).

2021 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Total assets
= 1,532,133 ÷ 32,258,355 = 0.05

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 1,532,133 ÷ 32,258,355 = 0.05

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Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021.

	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Total debt	21,090,340)	19,329,043)	11,034,876)	10,777,699)	7,539,451)
Shareholders’ equity	5,085,556)	8,760,669)	12,163,846)	11,105,461)	10,702,303)
Solvency Ratio
Debt to equity¹	4.15	2.21	0.91	0.97	0.70
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted total debt	21,693,988)	19,995,596)	11,733,493)	11,305,039)	7,716,285)
Shareholders’ equity	5,085,556)	8,760,669)	12,163,846)	11,105,461)	10,702,303)
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted debt to equity²	4.27	2.28	0.96	1.02	0.72

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).

2021 Calculations

¹ Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Shareholders’ equity
= 21,090,340 ÷ 5,085,556 = 4.15

² Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Shareholders’ equity
= 21,693,988 ÷ 5,085,556 = 4.27

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Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted debt-to-equity	A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted debt-to-equity ratio deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021.

	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019	Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	(5,260,499)	(5,797,462)	1,878,887)	1,811,042)	1,625,133)
Total assets	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	27,698,270)	22,296,317)
Profitability Ratio
ROA¹	-16.31%	-17.86%	6.20%	6.54%	7.29%
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.	(5,260,499)	(5,797,462)	1,878,887)	1,811,042)	1,625,133)
Adjusted total assets	32,258,355)	32,465,187)	30,320,284)	28,225,610)	22,473,151)
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA²	-16.31%	-17.86%	6.20%	6.42%	7.23%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).

2021 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ÷ Total assets
= 100 × -5,260,499 ÷ 32,258,355 = -16.31%

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Net income (loss) attributable to Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × -5,260,499 ÷ 32,258,355 = -16.31%

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Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then slightly improved from 2020 to 2021.

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. (NYSE:RCL)

Analysis of Operating Leases

Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Debt to Equity

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)