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Financial Reporting Quality: Aggregate Accruals
Earnings can be decomposed into cash and accrual components. The accrual component (aggregate accruals) has been found to have less persistence than the cash component, and therefore (1) earnings with higher accrual component are less persistent than earnings with smaller accrual component, all else equal; and (2) the cash component of earnings should receive a higher weighting evaluating company performance.
Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
Nike Inc., balance sheet computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-07-20), 10-K (filing date: 2020-07-24), 10-K (filing date: 2019-07-23), 10-K (filing date: 2018-07-25), 10-K (filing date: 2017-07-20), 10-K (filing date: 2016-07-21).
1 2021 Calculation
Net operating assets = Operating assets – Operating liabilities
= – =
2 2021 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals = Net operating assets2021 – Net operating assets2020
= – =
3 2021 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio = 100 × Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × ÷ [( + ) ÷ 2] =
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the balance-sheet-based accruals ratio, Nike Inc. improved earnings quality from 2020 to 2021. |
Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio
Nike Inc., cash flow statement computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-07-20), 10-K (filing date: 2020-07-24), 10-K (filing date: 2019-07-23), 10-K (filing date: 2018-07-25), 10-K (filing date: 2017-07-20), 10-K (filing date: 2016-07-21).
1 2021 Calculation
Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio = 100 × Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × ÷ [( + ) ÷ 2] =
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio, Nike Inc. deteriorated earnings quality from 2020 to 2021. |