Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
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- Common-Size Income Statement
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets
- Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
- Analysis of Solvency Ratios
- Price to FCFE (P/FCFE)
- Selected Financial Data since 2012
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2012
- Return on Assets (ROA) since 2012
- Total Asset Turnover since 2012
- Price to Sales (P/S) since 2012
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Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
The analysis of the financial ratios over the indicated quarterly periods reveals several notable trends and fluctuations. The Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio, which reflects market expectations of future earnings growth, shows a general rising trend from March 2020 onwards, beginning at approximately 40 and moving upward to peak around March 2025 at above 92. This increase suggests a growing optimism about earnings potential or possibly a reduction in earnings relative to price, indicating increased market valuation relative to current earnings.
The Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) ratio exhibits a somewhat less volatile but still upward movement in recent periods. Initially fluctuating near the range of 13 to 17, the ratio climbs significantly from late 2023 forward, reaching a high above 37 before slightly settling around 32 by mid-2025. This pattern suggests that while operating profits have maintained a relatively stable relationship to price historically, recent market valuations are increasingly premium relative to operating profit, potentially indicating expected future operational improvements or shifts in profitability margins.
Regarding the Price to Sales (P/S) ratio, a moderate but consistent upward trend is observed over the analyzed timeframe. The ratio steadily rises from values in the 3.7 to 4.0 range up to above 6.0 by early 2025, before slightly receding. This stands for an increasing valuation of the company’s sales revenue, signaling market confidence or pricing power improvements, despite possible fluctuations or constraints in earnings or operating profits. It suggests investors are willing to pay more for each dollar of sales than in prior years.
The Price to Book Value (P/BV) ratio demonstrates the most dramatic escalation, especially from about late 2022 onward, moving from mid- to high-teens to extraordinary heights exceeding 100 by early 2025. This sharp increase implies a considerable divergence between market capitalization and the book value of equity. Such a surge could indicate market expectations of significant future growth or intangible asset appreciation, or possibly reflect reduced book values relative to stock price due to factors such as share buybacks or asset write-downs.
- Summary of Trends
-
- P/E ratio exhibits a general rising trend, with considerable increases in market valuation relative to earnings, especially post-2022.
- P/OP ratio remains more stable historically but shows a marked increase in market premium over operating profit in recent periods.
- P/S ratio steadily increases, reflecting higher market valuation relative to sales revenue over time.
- P/BV ratio experiences a very sharp rise, particularly from late 2022 onward, pointing to substantial market valuation increases relative to book value.
- Insights
-
- The overall pattern suggests investor optimism and increased valuation multiples, especially in the latest reported quarters.
- Sharp increases in P/BV and P/E ratios may imply expectations of enhanced profitability, growth prospects, or intangible asset value appreciation.
- Potential concerns could arise regarding sustainability of high valuation multiples if earnings or book value do not improve correspondingly.
- The upward trends across multiple valuation metrics indicate a market perception of improving financial health or growth trajectory.
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) attributable to AbbVie Inc. (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share (EPS)2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share price1, 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/E ratio4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amgen Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danaher Corp. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johnson & Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pfizer Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2025 Calculation
EPS
= (Net earnings (loss) attributable to AbbVie Inc.Q2 2025
+ Net earnings (loss) attributable to AbbVie Inc.Q1 2025
+ Net earnings (loss) attributable to AbbVie Inc.Q4 2024
+ Net earnings (loss) attributable to AbbVie Inc.Q3 2024)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of AbbVie Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2025 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Share Price Trend
- The share price exhibited an overall upward trend from March 2020 to December 2025. Starting at $83.96 on March 31, 2020, it steadily increased to peak at $175.75 on December 31, 2023. Despite some volatility, including declines around mid-2022 and early 2025, the price reached a notable high of $200.47 on September 30, 2024. The price then fluctuated but remained elevated above the initial values, ending at $197.19 by June 30, 2025.
- Earnings Per Share (EPS) Pattern
- EPS data begins from March 31, 2021, showing a significant rise from 2.61 to a peak of 7.58 by December 31, 2022. Following this peak, the EPS declined markedly to 2.13 by December 31, 2025. This sharp decline after 2022 suggests a period of reduced profitability or increased costs. The pattern shows initial growth in EPS for nearly two years, followed by a sustained downward trend across the subsequent quarters.
- Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio Analysis
- The P/E ratio, available from March 31, 2021, demonstrates a declining trend during the initial periods, falling from approximately 40.17 to 19.16 by December 31, 2022. This decline corresponds with rising EPS and rising share prices, reflecting improved earnings relative to price. However, starting in early 2023, the P/E ratio increased sharply, reaching a high of 92.57 by June 30, 2025. This increase coincides with the decline in EPS and continued relatively high share prices, indicating that the stock price may be overvalued relative to earnings in the latter periods.
- Integrated Insights
- The data reveal a phase of strong financial performance marked by rising EPS and share price until the end of 2022, supported by decreasing P/E ratios, signaling attractive valuation levels. Subsequently, EPS performances weaken sharply through 2023 to mid-2025, while the share price remains relatively high, leading to increasing P/E ratios indicative of a potential overvaluation or investor expectations of future earnings growth despite recent earnings declines. The divergence between rising share price and falling EPS in later years warrants close monitoring of underlying business prospects and risk factors.
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating earnings (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating profit per share2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share price1, 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/OP ratio4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amgen Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danaher Corp. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johnson & Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pfizer Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2025 Calculation
Operating profit per share
= (Operating earningsQ2 2025
+ Operating earningsQ1 2025
+ Operating earningsQ4 2024
+ Operating earningsQ3 2024)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of AbbVie Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2025 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The data reveals several notable trends concerning share price, operating profit per share, and the price-to-operating profit (P/OP) ratio over the analyzed quarters.
- Share Price
- The share price exhibits a general upward trajectory from March 2020 through June 2025, beginning at $83.96 and rising to $197.19. Initial increases are moderate, with a more pronounced acceleration in growth seen after December 2021. Notable peaks occur around December 2023 at $175.75 and September 2024 at $187.51, followed by some volatility reflecting minor declines and rebounds thereafter. This suggests growing market confidence or improved expectations over the period, albeit with intermittent fluctuations.
- Operating Profit per Share
- Operating profit per share data is available starting from the March 2021 quarter. It shows a rising trend initially, increasing from 6.43 in March 2021 to a peak of around 10.49 in June 2022. After this peak, figures demonstrate a gradual declining pattern with minor oscillations, dropping to a low of 5.18 in March 2025. The drop indicates challenges in sustaining profitability levels per share during the latter part of the timeframe despite growth in earlier quarters.
- Price to Operating Profit Ratio (P/OP)
- The P/OP ratio, which relates the share price to operating profit per share, demonstrates volatility and an overall increasing trend. Starting at a lower level of 13.12 in September 2021, the ratio fluctuates moderately before escalating sharply from approximately 16.55 in December 2023 to a peak of 37.26 in March 2025. This increase implies that the share price is growing at a faster pace than operating profits, possibly indicating heightened market optimism or expectations not fully matched by operating profitability. The ratio remains elevated into mid-2025, which might reflect perceived growth potential or overvaluation risks.
Overall, while the share price has risen substantially over the examined periods, operating profit per share peaked mid-way and then declined, resulting in a rising P/OP ratio. This divergence suggests that market valuation is increasingly driven by factors beyond current operating profitability, highlighting a potential gap between investor expectations and underlying earnings performance.
Price to Sales (P/S)
Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales per share2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share price1, 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/S ratio4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amgen Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danaher Corp. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johnson & Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pfizer Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2025 Calculation
Sales per share
= (Net revenuesQ2 2025
+ Net revenuesQ1 2025
+ Net revenuesQ4 2024
+ Net revenuesQ3 2024)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of AbbVie Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2025 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Share Price Trend
- The share price exhibited a general upward trajectory from March 31, 2020, starting at $83.96 and increasing significantly to $197.19 by June 30, 2025. The progression includes some volatility, with notable rises such as from $116.53 in September 2021 to $144.03 in December 2021, followed by fluctuations around the $140–$150 range through most of 2022 and early 2023. A marked surge occurred in December 2023, reaching $175.75, continuing to climb and peaking at $200.47 in September 2024 before experiencing a slight decline towards June 2025.
- Sales per Share Trend
- Sales per share data begins from March 31, 2021, registering at $25.94. This metric showed an initial steady increase through to December 2021, reaching $31.21. Afterwards, sales per share mostly plateaued, fluctuating mildly within the $30.75 to $33.02 range through to June 30, 2025. This indicates stabilizing revenue generation per share over the observed periods following initial growth.
- Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio Analysis
- The P/S ratio starts at 4.05 in March 2021 with slight fluctuations through 2021, dipping to 3.73 in December 2021 but then increasing again to reach 4.61 by December 2022. In 2023, the ratio remained relatively stable around 4.6 to 4.7 until September, when it rose notably to 5.72 in March 2024, peaking at 6.38 in September 2024. Thereafter, the ratio experienced a mild decrease yet stayed elevated above 5.5. This rising P/S ratio suggests an increasing market valuation relative to sales, potentially reflecting elevated investor expectations or market optimism.
- Interrelation of Metrics
- Throughout the period, the share price growth outpaced the sales per share increase, contributing to the upward trend in the P/S ratio. This divergence suggests that market valuation expanded more rapidly than the underlying sales performance per share. While sales per share showed signs of stabilization after initial growth, the share price and P/S ratio fluctuations imply investor sentiment and market factors had significant influence on valuation dynamics.
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Jun 30, 2025 | Mar 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Financial Data (US$) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity (deficit) (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book value per share (BVPS)2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share price1, 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/BV ratio4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amgen Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danaher Corp. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eli Lilly & Co. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gilead Sciences Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Johnson & Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merck & Co. Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pfizer Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q2 2025 Calculation
BVPS = Stockholders’ equity (deficit) ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of AbbVie Inc. Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q2 2025 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Share Price
- The share price exhibited a general upward trend from March 2020 through to March 2025. Starting at $83.96 in March 2020, the price steadily increased to a peak of $200.47 by December 2024. There were some fluctuations including minor dips, such as the decline following December 2021 where the price decreased from $151.31 to $138.92 by June 2022. However, the overall trajectory remained positive, with notable acceleration particularly in the latter quarters from December 2023 onward, reaching highs above $190.
- Book Value Per Share (BVPS)
- Book value per share demonstrated volatility and a declining trend over the observed periods. Initially negative at -$5.02 in March 2020, BVPS quickly rose to positive figures by June 2020, peaking near $9.75 by December 2022. Following that peak, BVPS gradually diminished over successive quarters, declining from approximately $7.52 in March 2023 down to slightly negative territory (-$0.1) by June 2025. This decline suggests erosion in net asset value per share over time, especially notable after early 2023.
- Price-to-Book Value Ratio (P/BV)
- The P/BV ratio reveals a dramatic increase over the period, reflecting discrepancies between share price growth and book value movements. From a baseline ratio around 11.31 in June 2020, the ratio rose steadily to levels exceeding 16 by late 2021 and early 2022. Beyond 2022, the P/BV ratio escalated sharply, reaching exceptionally high levels such as 29.97 by December 2023, rising further to over 102 by March 2025. This increase indicates that the market valuation relative to the book value of equity expanded substantially, likely driven by the rising share price coupled with declining book value.