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Coca-Cola Co. (NYSE:KO)

Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data

Microsoft Excel

Solvency Ratios (Summary)

Debt Ratios

Coverage Ratios

Coca-Cola Co., solvency ratios (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Debt Ratios
Debt to equity 1.11 1.20 1.30 1.41 1.52 1.73 1.87 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.61 1.62 1.53 1.60 1.68 1.62 1.74 1.82 1.68
Debt to capital 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.63
Debt to assets 0.39 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.48 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.44
Financial leverage 2.89 2.99 3.10 3.26 3.39 3.65 3.88 4.05 4.01 3.91 3.76 3.77 3.71 3.78 3.86 3.85 4.05 4.05 3.79
Coverage Ratios
Interest coverage 12.69 12.00 11.08 10.67 10.58 9.91 8.99 8.90 8.79 9.17 9.31 9.48 10.15 11.32 12.46 14.25 17.35 16.61 10.81

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).


The solvency profile exhibits a distinct cyclical pattern characterized by a period of increasing leverage through the first quarter of 2025, followed by a consistent and significant deleveraging phase through October 2026. This transition indicates a strategic shift toward reducing long-term debt obligations and improving the overall capital structure.

Debt to Equity Ratio
The ratio fluctuated between 1.53 and 1.87 for the majority of the period, reaching a peak of 1.87 in March 2025. Following this peak, a sustained downward trend is observed, with the ratio declining steadily to 1.11 by October 2026. This represents a substantial reduction in the reliance on debt relative to shareholder equity.
Debt to Capital and Debt to Assets Ratios
Both metrics remained relatively stable between 2022 and 2024. Debt to capital peaked at 0.65 in March 2025 before declining to 0.53, while debt to assets peaked at 0.48 during the same period before receding to 0.39. The synchronized decline in these ratios confirms a systemic reduction in total debt relative to both the total capital base and the total asset pool.
Financial Leverage
Financial leverage showed moderate volatility, peaking at 4.05 in September 2022 and December 2024. A sharp contraction began in mid-2025, with the ratio falling from 3.88 in March 2025 to 2.89 by October 2026. This decline suggests a reduction in the use of debt to finance assets, thereby lowering the company's financial risk profile.
Interest Coverage Ratio
The interest coverage ratio experienced a notable U-shaped trajectory. After peaking at 17.35 in September 2022, it entered a period of steady decline, reaching a low of 8.79 in September 2024. However, a recovery phase commenced in early 2025, with the ratio climbing back to 12.69 by October 2026, indicating an improved capacity to service interest payments from operating earnings.

In summary, the data reflects an initial phase of increasing financial risk and tightening interest coverage that reversed in 2025. The subsequent improvement across all solvency metrics indicates a strengthened balance sheet and a reduced risk of insolvency as of late 2026.

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Debt to Equity

Coca-Cola Co., debt to equity calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Loans and notes payable 73 48 332 1,551 2,319 4,379 5,418 1,499 2,203 3,793 6,054 4,557 3,915 4,828 5,455 2,373 3,396 4,358 3,610
Current maturities of long-term debt 4,923 6,494 4,493 1,822 1,920 91 163 648 1,067 1,939 1,392 1,960 2,080 1,171 811 399 729 788 1,039
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 36,623 37,001 39,065 42,119 43,177 44,976 43,530 42,375 42,994 38,085 35,104 35,547 34,176 35,626 36,134 36,377 35,462 36,755 37,052
Total debt 41,619 43,543 43,890 45,492 47,416 49,446 49,111 44,522 46,264 43,817 42,550 42,064 40,171 41,625 42,400 39,149 39,587 41,901 41,701
 
Equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 37,372 36,150 33,633 32,169 31,247 28,585 26,202 24,856 26,518 25,853 26,429 25,941 26,325 26,013 25,217 24,105 22,805 23,005 24,845
Solvency Ratio
Debt to equity1 1.11 1.20 1.30 1.41 1.52 1.73 1.87 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.61 1.62 1.53 1.60 1.68 1.62 1.74 1.82 1.68
Benchmarks
Debt to Equity, Competitors2
Mondelēz International Inc. 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.76 0.66 0.71 0.71 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.74 0.79 0.85 0.81 0.70 0.70
PepsiCo Inc. 2.33 2.41 2.47 2.41 2.62 2.79 2.64 2.46 2.31 2.31 2.41 2.38 2.38 2.47 2.45 2.28 2.07 2.12 2.20
Philip Morris International Inc. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).

1 Q3 2026 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company
= 41,619 ÷ 37,372 = 1.11

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The solvency profile exhibits a distinct transition from a period of fluctuating leverage to a consistent deleveraging trend. Between April 2022 and early 2025, the capital structure remained relatively stable but leaned toward higher debt utilization, reaching a peak in the first half of 2025 before entering a phase of significant reduction.

Total Debt Dynamics
Debt levels demonstrated volatility throughout 2022 and 2023, oscillating between approximately 39 billion and 42 billion USD. A period of expansion occurred between late 2023 and mid-2025, with total debt peaking at 49.4 billion USD in June 2025. Following this peak, a steady downward trajectory was established, with debt levels receding to 41.6 billion USD by October 2026.
Equity Growth Trajectory
Equity attributable to shareowners remained largely range-bound between 22 billion and 26 billion USD from April 2022 through late 2023. Starting in 2024, a sustained upward trend emerged, accelerating significantly through 2025 and 2026. This growth culminated in equity reaching 37.4 billion USD by the end of the period, representing a substantial increase in the internal funding base.
Debt to Equity Ratio Interpretation
The debt to equity ratio peaked at 1.87 in December 2023 and March 2025, signaling periods of increased financial leverage. However, starting in June 2025, the ratio entered a sharp and consistent decline. The simultaneous reduction in total debt and the expansion of equity resulted in the ratio dropping to 1.11 by October 2026. This trend indicates a marked improvement in long-term solvency and a reduced reliance on external borrowing to fund operations.

The overall financial trajectory indicates a strategic shift toward a more conservative balance sheet, characterized by a strengthened equity position and a systematic reduction in total liabilities.

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Debt to Capital

Coca-Cola Co., debt to capital calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Loans and notes payable 73 48 332 1,551 2,319 4,379 5,418 1,499 2,203 3,793 6,054 4,557 3,915 4,828 5,455 2,373 3,396 4,358 3,610
Current maturities of long-term debt 4,923 6,494 4,493 1,822 1,920 91 163 648 1,067 1,939 1,392 1,960 2,080 1,171 811 399 729 788 1,039
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 36,623 37,001 39,065 42,119 43,177 44,976 43,530 42,375 42,994 38,085 35,104 35,547 34,176 35,626 36,134 36,377 35,462 36,755 37,052
Total debt 41,619 43,543 43,890 45,492 47,416 49,446 49,111 44,522 46,264 43,817 42,550 42,064 40,171 41,625 42,400 39,149 39,587 41,901 41,701
Equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 37,372 36,150 33,633 32,169 31,247 28,585 26,202 24,856 26,518 25,853 26,429 25,941 26,325 26,013 25,217 24,105 22,805 23,005 24,845
Total capital 78,991 79,693 77,523 77,661 78,663 78,031 75,313 69,378 72,782 69,670 68,979 68,005 66,496 67,638 67,617 63,254 62,392 64,906 66,546
Solvency Ratio
Debt to capital1 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.63
Benchmarks
Debt to Capital, Competitors2
Mondelēz International Inc. 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.41 0.41
PepsiCo Inc. 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.68 0.69
Philip Morris International Inc. 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.28 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.31 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.26 1.51 1.48 1.52

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).

1 Q3 2026 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 41,619 ÷ 78,991 = 0.53

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The solvency profile exhibits a distinct three-phase trajectory characterized by initial stability, a period of increased leverage, and a subsequent sustained deleveraging effort. The Debt to Capital ratio remained relatively constant for the first several years before trending downward significantly in the final observation period, indicating a strategic shift in the company's capital structure.

Total Debt Dynamics
Total debt demonstrated notable volatility, beginning at 41,701 million USD in April 2022 and reaching a peak of 49,446 million USD by June 2025. Following this peak, a consistent reduction in debt obligations was observed, with the balance decreasing to 41,619 million USD by October 2026, effectively returning to levels seen at the start of the analyzed period.
Total Capital Evolution
Total capital showed a general upward trajectory, increasing from 66,546 million USD in April 2022 to 78,991 million USD by October 2026. This expansion of the total financial base occurred despite the fluctuations in total debt, suggesting an increase in equity or other capital components over the timeframe.
Debt to Capital Ratio Analysis
From April 2022 through December 2024, the Debt to Capital ratio fluctuated within a narrow range between 0.60 and 0.65, suggesting a maintained equilibrium in financing. However, a decisive downward trend commenced in mid-2025. The ratio declined from 0.63 in March 2025 to a period low of 0.53 by October 2026. This improvement in the solvency ratio was driven by the convergence of decreasing total debt and increasing total capital, resulting in a reduced reliance on debt relative to the total capital investment.

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Debt to Assets

Coca-Cola Co., debt to assets calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Loans and notes payable 73 48 332 1,551 2,319 4,379 5,418 1,499 2,203 3,793 6,054 4,557 3,915 4,828 5,455 2,373 3,396 4,358 3,610
Current maturities of long-term debt 4,923 6,494 4,493 1,822 1,920 91 163 648 1,067 1,939 1,392 1,960 2,080 1,171 811 399 729 788 1,039
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 36,623 37,001 39,065 42,119 43,177 44,976 43,530 42,375 42,994 38,085 35,104 35,547 34,176 35,626 36,134 36,377 35,462 36,755 37,052
Total debt 41,619 43,543 43,890 45,492 47,416 49,446 49,111 44,522 46,264 43,817 42,550 42,064 40,171 41,625 42,400 39,149 39,587 41,901 41,701
 
Total assets 107,950 107,922 104,217 104,816 106,045 104,333 101,716 100,549 106,266 101,202 99,392 97,703 97,578 98,456 97,404 92,763 92,471 93,169 94,064
Solvency Ratio
Debt to assets1 0.39 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.48 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.44
Benchmarks
Debt to Assets, Competitors2
Mondelēz International Inc. 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.29 0.29
PepsiCo Inc. 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43
Philip Morris International Inc. 0.71 0.72 0.75 0.71 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.73 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.70 0.67 0.68 0.70

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).

1 Q3 2026 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 41,619 ÷ 107,950 = 0.39

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The company's solvency profile over the analyzed period is characterized by a phase of relative stability, a temporary increase in financial leverage, and a subsequent trend toward deleveraging and improved asset coverage.

Total Debt Dynamics
Total debt exhibited moderate volatility between April 2022 and December 2023, generally fluctuating within the range of 39.1 billion USD to 42.5 billion USD. A period of expansion followed, with debt levels rising steadily to a peak of 49.45 billion USD in June 2025. Following this peak, a consistent downward trajectory is observed, with total debt reducing to 41.62 billion USD by October 2026.
Total Asset Evolution
Total assets demonstrated a sustained upward trend throughout the period. Starting at 94.06 billion USD in April 2022, the asset base expanded to 107.95 billion USD by October 2026. This growth was consistent, providing a widening base of resources to support the company's obligations.
Debt to Assets Ratio Analysis
The debt-to-assets ratio remained largely stable between 0.41 and 0.45 from April 2022 through December 2024. A notable spike in leverage occurred in early 2025, with the ratio reaching a maximum of 0.48 in March 2025. From that point forward, a systematic decline is observed, with the ratio decreasing sequentially over the final six quarters to reach a period low of 0.39 by October 2026. This trend indicates a strategic shift toward lower financial risk and a strengthened solvency position relative to the company's total asset base.

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Financial Leverage

Coca-Cola Co., financial leverage calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total assets 107,950 107,922 104,217 104,816 106,045 104,333 101,716 100,549 106,266 101,202 99,392 97,703 97,578 98,456 97,404 92,763 92,471 93,169 94,064
Equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 37,372 36,150 33,633 32,169 31,247 28,585 26,202 24,856 26,518 25,853 26,429 25,941 26,325 26,013 25,217 24,105 22,805 23,005 24,845
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1 2.89 2.99 3.10 3.26 3.39 3.65 3.88 4.05 4.01 3.91 3.76 3.77 3.71 3.78 3.86 3.85 4.05 4.05 3.79
Benchmarks
Financial Leverage, Competitors2
Mondelēz International Inc. 2.70 2.67 2.76 2.77 2.73 2.71 2.67 2.54 2.59 2.64 2.73 2.52 2.48 2.51 2.58 2.65 2.55 2.40 2.41
PepsiCo Inc. 5.02 5.08 5.17 5.26 5.50 5.72 5.53 5.51 5.17 5.12 5.25 5.43 5.31 5.42 5.46 5.38 4.98 5.02 5.11
Philip Morris International Inc. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).

1 Q3 2026 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company
= 107,950 ÷ 37,372 = 2.89

2 Click competitor name to see calculations.


The financial position from April 2022 to October 2026 is characterized by a steady expansion of the asset base and a significant increase in equity, leading to a notable reduction in financial leverage. While a relatively stable leverage profile was maintained for the first three years of the period, a clear deleveraging trend emerged starting in mid-2025.

Total Assets Trend
Total assets experienced an overall increase from 94,064 million US$ in April 2022 to 107,950 million US$ by October 2026. The growth was not linear, with a slight contraction observed throughout much of 2022, followed by a period of expansion that peaked at 106,266 million US$ in September 2024 before stabilizing in the 104,000 to 108,000 million US$ range.
Equity Growth
Equity attributable to shareowners demonstrated substantial growth, particularly in the latter half of the analyzed period. After reaching a low of 22,805 million US$ in September 2022, equity grew consistently, with an acceleration starting in 2025. Equity increased from 26,202 million US$ in December 2023 to 37,372 million US$ by October 2026, indicating a strengthening of the company's internal capital base.
Financial Leverage Analysis
The financial leverage ratio remained relatively range-bound between 3.71 and 4.05 from April 2022 through December 2024, suggesting a consistent capital structure during this interval. However, a structural shift occurred starting in June 2025, when the ratio began a sustained decline from 3.65 down to 2.89 by October 2026. This downward trajectory reflects a strategic reduction in financial risk, as the growth in equity significantly outpaced the growth in total assets during the final 18 months of the period.

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Interest Coverage

Coca-Cola Co., interest coverage calculation (quarterly data)

Microsoft Excel
Oct 2, 2026 Jul 3, 2026 Apr 3, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 26, 2025 Jun 27, 2025 Mar 28, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 27, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Mar 29, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 29, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jul 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2022
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 4,009 4,425 3,924 2,271 3,696 3,810 3,330 2,195 2,848 2,411 3,177 1,973 3,087 2,547 3,107 2,031 2,825 1,905 2,781
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 47 13 42 45 (13) (7) 5 18 2 (10) 8 13 (4) (26) 6 25 (3) (5) 12
Add: Income tax expense 777 1,037 645 646 500 993 722 593 530 627 687 496 454 359 940 444 622 384 665
Add: Interest expense 354 369 375 431 391 445 387 431 425 418 382 413 368 374 372 304 198 198 182
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) 5,187 5,844 4,986 3,393 4,574 5,241 4,444 3,237 3,805 3,446 4,254 2,895 3,905 3,254 4,425 2,804 3,642 2,482 3,640
Solvency Ratio
Interest coverage1 12.69 12.00 11.08 10.67 10.58 9.91 8.99 8.90 8.79 9.17 9.31 9.48 10.15 11.32 12.46 14.25 17.35 16.61 10.81

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-10-02), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-07-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-04-03), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-26), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-28), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-07-01), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-04-01).

1 Q3 2026 Calculation
Interest coverage = (EBITQ3 2026 + EBITQ2 2026 + EBITQ1 2026 + EBITQ4 2025) ÷ (Interest expenseQ3 2026 + Interest expenseQ2 2026 + Interest expenseQ1 2026 + Interest expenseQ4 2025)
= (5,187 + 5,844 + 4,986 + 3,393) ÷ (354 + 369 + 375 + 431) = 12.69


The interest coverage ratio exhibits a distinct U-shaped trajectory over the analyzed period, characterized by an initial peak, a sustained period of contraction, and a subsequent recovery phase. Although the capacity to service debt remained robust throughout the timeframe, the margin of safety fluctuated significantly in response to shifts in operating income and borrowing costs.

Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) Trends
Operating earnings demonstrate a general upward trend despite consistent quarterly volatility. EBIT increased from a 2022 range of US$ 2,482 million to US$ 3,642 million to a peak of US$ 5,844 million by July 2026. This growth in operational profitability served as a primary driver for the eventual recovery of the solvency ratio.
Interest Expense Dynamics
A substantial increase in interest expenses is observed between April 2022 and December 2024, with costs rising from US$ 182 million to a peak of US$ 431 million. Following this peak, a gradual reduction in interest obligations occurred throughout 2025 and 2026, concluding at US$ 354 million in October 2026.
Interest Coverage Ratio Analysis
The coverage ratio reached a maximum of 17.35 in September 2022 before entering a downward trend that lasted until September 2024, when it reached a minimum of 8.79. This decline was primarily attributable to the rapid escalation of interest expenses which outpaced the growth of operating income during that interval. A recovery phase began in late 2024, with the ratio steadily climbing to 12.69 by October 2026, reflecting the positive synergy of expanding EBIT and declining interest costs.

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