Accounting Policy on Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. 3M records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets when uncertainty regarding their realizability exists. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, 3M had valuation allowances of $67 million and $81 million on its deferred tax assets, respectively. 3M recognizes and measures its uncertain tax positions based on the rules under ASC 740, Income Taxes.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07).

3M Co., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

	12 months ended	Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Federal
	State
	International
	Currently payable
	Federal
	State
	International
	Deferred
	Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) non-current transition tax provision
	Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

Item	Description	The company
Currently payable	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.	3M Co.’s currently payable decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Deferred	Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.	3M Co.’s deferred increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Provision for income taxes	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	3M Co.’s provision for income taxes increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.

3M Co., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Statutory U.S. tax rate
	State income taxes, net of federal benefit
	International income taxes, net
	Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)
	Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII)
	U.S. TCJA enactment, net impacts
	U.S. research and development credit
	Reserves for tax contingencies
	Domestic Manufacturer’s deduction
	Employee share-based payments
	All other, net
	Effective worldwide tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

Item	Description	The company
Effective worldwide tax rate	Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	3M Co.’s effective worldwide tax rate increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.

3M Co., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Employee benefit costs
	Product and other claims
	Miscellaneous accruals
	Accruals not currently deductible
	Pension costs
	Stock-based compensation
	Net operating/capital loss/tax credit carryforwards
	Foreign tax credits
	Currency translation
	Inventory
	Other
	Gross deferred tax assets
	Valuation allowance
	Deferred tax assets
	Product and other insurance receivables
	Accelerated depreciation
	Intangible amortization
	Currency translation
	Other
	Deferred tax liabilities
	Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

Item	Description	The company
Gross deferred tax assets	Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	3M Co.’s gross deferred tax assets decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Deferred tax assets	Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	3M Co.’s deferred tax assets decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.	3M Co.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

3M Co., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current deferred tax assets (included in Other current assets)
	Noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets)
	Current deferred tax liabilities (included in Other current liabilities)
	Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

Item	Description	The company
Noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets)	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	3M Co.’s noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets) increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities)	Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	3M Co.’s noncurrent deferred tax liabilities (included in Other liabilities) increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

3M Co., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Liabilities
	Current liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Current liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Liabilities
	Total liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
	Total liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total 3M Company Shareholders’ Equity
	Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity (as reported)
	Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
	Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income Attributable To 3M
	Net income attributable to 3M (as reported)
	Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
	Net income attributable to 3M (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

3M Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

3M Co., adjusted financial ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio
	Adjusted current ratio
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin
	Adjusted net profit margin
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover
	Adjusted total asset turnover
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage
	Adjusted financial leverage
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE
	Adjusted ROE
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA
	Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	3M Co.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	3M Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	3M Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	3M Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	3M Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	3M Co.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

3M Co., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Adjusted current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Liquidity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	3M Co.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to 3M
	Net sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to 3M
	Net sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to 3M ÷ Net sales
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to 3M ÷ Net sales
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	3M Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net sales
	Total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net sales
	Adjusted total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	3M Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	3M Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to 3M
	Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to 3M
	Adjusted total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to 3M ÷ Total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to 3M ÷ Adjusted total 3M Company shareholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	3M Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to 3M
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to 3M
	Adjusted total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-12).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to 3M ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to 3M ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	3M Co.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

	3M Co.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

	All companies
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

3M Co. (MMM)

Analysis of Income Taxes

Accounting Policy on Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

3M Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

3M Co., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)