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Analysis of Income Taxes
Difficulty: Advanced
- Income Tax Accounting Policy
- Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
- Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
- Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
- Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
- Analyst Adjustments: Removal of Deferred Taxes
- Adjusted Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
- Adjusted Current Ratio
- Adjusted Net Profit Margin
- Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
- Adjusted Financial Leverage
- Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
- Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Income Tax Accounting Policy
Income taxes are accounted for under the balance sheet method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases ("temporary differences"). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent that a portion is not more likely than not to be realized. Many factors are considered when assessing whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized, including recent cumulative earnings, expectations of future taxable income, carryforward periods, and other relevant quantitative and qualitative factors. The recoverability of the deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income rely heavily on estimates.
In determining the provision for income taxes, an annual effective income tax rate is used based on annual income, permanent differences between book and tax income, and statutory income tax rates. Discrete events such as audit settlements or changes in tax laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.
Walmart records a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Walmart records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and operating, selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, in Walmart's Consolidated Statements of Income.
Source: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30).
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Walmart Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Current tax provision | The component of income tax expense for the period representing amounts of income taxes paid or payable (or refundable) for the period for all income tax obligations as determined by applying the provisions of relevant enacted tax laws to relevant amounts of taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.'s current tax provision declined from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Deferred tax expense (benefit) | The component of income tax expense for the period representing the net change in the entity's deferred tax assets and liabilities pertaining to continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.'s deferred tax expense (benefit) increased from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly declined from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level. |
| Provision for income taxes | The sum of the current income tax expense (benefit) and the deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations; income tax expense (benefit) may include interest and penalties on tax uncertainties based on the entity's accounting policy. | Walmart Inc.'s provision for income taxes declined from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Walmart Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Effective income tax rate | A ratio calculated by dividing the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the period by GAAP-basis pretax income from continuing operations. |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Walmart Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets | The sum of the tax effects as of the balance sheet date of the amounts of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws (before the valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such sum amount to net realizable value). Includes any tax benefit realized in deferred tax assets for significant impacts of tax planning strategies. | Walmart Inc.'s deferred tax assets increased from 2016 to 2017 but then declined significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | The aggregate tax effects as of the balance sheet date of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws; net of deducting the allocated valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such amount to net realizable value. | Walmart Inc.'s deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance increased from 2016 to 2017 but then declined significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | For entities that net deferred tax assets and tax liabilities, represents the unclassified net amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, which result from applying the applicable enacted tax rate to net temporary differences and carryforwards pertaining to assets or liabilities. A temporary difference is a difference between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that will reverse in ensuing periods. | Walmart Inc.'s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) declined from 2016 to 2017 but then increased from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level. |
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Walmart Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification
USD $ in millions
| Jan 31, 2018 | Jan 31, 2017 | Jan 31, 2016 | Jan 31, 2015 | Jan 31, 2014 | Jan 31, 2013 | ||
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| Current deferred tax assets (included in Prepaid expenses and other) | |
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| Non-current deferred tax assets (included in Other assets and deferred charges) | |
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| Current deferred tax liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | |
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| Non-current deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Current deferred tax assets (included in Prepaid expenses and other) | The current portion of the aggregate tax effects as of the balance sheet date of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws; after deducting the allocated valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such amount to net realizable value. Deferred tax liabilities and assets shall be classified as current or noncurrent based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. A deferred tax liability or asset that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting, including deferred tax assets related to carryforwards, shall be classified according to the expected reversal date of the temporary difference. An unrecognized tax benefit that is directly related to a position taken in a tax year that results in a net operating loss carryforward should be presented as a reduction of the related deferred tax asset. | |
| Non-current deferred tax assets (included in Other assets and deferred charges) | The noncurrent portion as of the balance sheet date of the aggregate carrying amount of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws; after the valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such amount to net realizable value. Deferred tax liabilities and assets shall be classified as current or noncurrent based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. A deferred tax liability or asset that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting, including deferred tax assets related to carryforwards, shall be classified according to the expected reversal date of the temporary difference. | Walmart Inc.'s non-current deferred tax assets (included in Other assets and deferred charges) increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Current deferred tax liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | Represents the current portion of deferred tax liabilities, which result from applying the applicable tax rate to net taxable temporary differences pertaining to each jurisdiction to which the entity is obligated to pay income tax. A current taxable temporary difference is a difference between the tax basis and the carrying amount of a current asset or liability in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. In a classified statement of financial position, an enterprise shall separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into a current amount and a noncurrent amount. Deferred tax liabilities and assets shall be classified as current or noncurrent based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. A deferred tax liability or asset that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting, including deferred tax assets related to carryforwards, shall be classified according to the expected reversal date of the temporary difference. | |
| Non-current deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) | Represents the noncurrent portion of deferred tax liabilities, which result from applying the applicable tax rate to net taxable temporary differences pertaining to each jurisdiction to which the entity is obligated to pay income tax. A noncurrent taxable temporary difference is a difference between the tax basis and the carrying amount of a noncurrent asset or liability in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. In a classified statement of financial position, an enterprise shall separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into a current amount and a noncurrent amount. Deferred tax liabilities and assets shall be classified as current or noncurrent based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. A deferred tax liability or asset that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting, including deferred tax assets related to carryforwards, shall be classified according to the expected reversal date of the temporary difference. | Walmart Inc.'s non-current deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) increased from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly declined from 2017 to 2018 not reaching 2016 level. |
Analyst Adjustments: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Walmart Inc., adjustments to financial data
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
Adjusted Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Walmart Inc., adjusted ratios
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
Walmart Inc.'s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders' equity. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Current Ratio
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 Net profit margin = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Net sales
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Net sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted net profit margin improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 Total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total Walmart shareholders' equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total Walmart shareholders' equity
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
Walmart Inc.'s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 ROE = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Total Walmart shareholders' equity
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Adjusted total Walmart shareholders' equity
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders' equity. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted ROE improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21), 10-K (filing date: 2013-03-26).
2018 Calculations
1 ROA = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.'s adjusted ROA improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018. |
