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Walmart Inc. (WMT)
Analysis of Income Taxes
Difficulty: Advanced
- Income Tax Accounting Policy
- Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
- Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
- Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
- Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
- Analyst Adjustments: Removal of Deferred Taxes
- Adjusted Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
- Adjusted Current Ratio
- Adjusted Net Profit Margin
- Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
- Adjusted Financial Leverage
- Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
- Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Income Tax Accounting Policy
Income taxes are accounted for under the balance sheet method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases ("temporary differences"). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent that a portion is not more likely than not to be realized. Many factors are considered when assessing whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized, including recent cumulative earnings, expectations of future taxable income, carryforward periods, and other relevant quantitative and qualitative factors. The recoverability of the deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income rely heavily on estimates.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act contains a provision which subjects a US parent of a foreign subsidiary to current US tax on its global intangible low–taxed income (“GILTI”). The GILTI income is eligible for a deduction, which lowers the effective tax rate to 10.5% for calendar years 2018 through 2025 and 13.125% after 2025. Walmart will report the tax impact of GILTI as a period cost when incurred. Accordingly, Walmart is not providing deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI.
In determining the provision for income taxes, an annual effective income tax rate is used based on annual income, permanent differences between book and tax income, and statutory income tax rates. Discrete events such as audit settlements or changes in tax laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.
Walmart records a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Walmart records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and operating, selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, in Walmart’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement–Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"). This ASU provides that the stranded tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Act") in accumulated other comprehensive loss may be reclassified to retained earnings. Walmart adopted this ASU on February 1, 2018, which resulted in an immaterial negative adjustment to retained earnings.
Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28).
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Walmart Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Current tax provision | Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.’s current tax provision declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Deferred tax expense (benefit) | Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.’s deferred tax expense (benefit) declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Provision for income taxes | Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.’s provision for income taxes declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Walmart Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Effective income tax rate, before impact of the Tax Act | Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. | Walmart Inc.’s effective income tax rate, before impact of the Tax Act increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Walmart Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets | Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. | Walmart Inc.’s deferred tax assets declined from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly increased from 2018 to 2019. |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. | Walmart Inc.’s deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance declined from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting. | Walmart Inc.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2017 to 2018 but then declined significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Walmart Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification
USD $ in millions
| Jan 31, 2019 | Jan 31, 2018 | Jan 31, 2017 | Jan 31, 2016 | Jan 31, 2015 | Jan 31, 2014 | ||
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| Current deferred tax assets (included in Prepaid expenses and other) | |
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| Long-term deferred tax assets (included in Other long-term assets) | |
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| Current deferred tax liabilities (included in Accrued liabilities) | |
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| Long-term deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) | |
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Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term deferred tax assets (included in Other long-term assets) | Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. | Walmart Inc.’s long-term deferred tax assets (included in Other long-term assets) increased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly declined from 2018 to 2019. |
| Long-term deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) | Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. | Walmart Inc.’s long-term deferred tax liabilities (included in Deferred income taxes and other) declined from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 exceeding 2017 level. |
Analyst Adjustments: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Walmart Inc., adjustments to financial data
USD $ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
Walmart Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Walmart Inc., adjusted ratios
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
Walmart Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Walmart Inc., Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Current Ratio
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted current ratio | A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 Net profit margin = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Net sales
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Net sales
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 Total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2017 to 2018 but then deteriorated significantly from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total Walmart shareholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total Walmart shareholders’ equity
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted financial leverage | A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income. |
Walmart Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 ROE = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Total Walmart shareholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Adjusted total Walmart shareholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-31), 10-K (filing date: 2016-03-30), 10-K (filing date: 2015-04-01), 10-K (filing date: 2014-03-21).
2019 Calculations
1 ROA = 100 × Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted consolidated net income attributable to Walmart ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Walmart Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |