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Return on Capital (ROC)
Advanced level
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company’s debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
CVS Health Corp., ROIC calculation
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-18), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-09).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2019 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | CVS Health Corp.’s ROIC deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Decomposition of ROIC
CVS Health Corp., decomposition of ROIC
| ROIC | = | OPM1 | × | TO2 | × | 1 – CTR3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 31, 2019 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2018 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2017 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2016 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2015 | = | × | × |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-18), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-09).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the increase in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2019 year is the increase in profitability measured by operating profit margin (OPM) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
CVS Health Corp., OPM calculation
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-18), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-09).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2019 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Revenues from customers
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | CVS Health Corp.’s OPM deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
CVS Health Corp., TO calculation
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Revenues from customers | ||||||
| Invested capital1 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-18), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-09).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2019 Calculation
TO = Revenues from customers ÷ Invested capital
= ÷ =
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | CVS Health Corp.’s TO deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then improved from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
CVS Health Corp., CTR calculation
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-18), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-09).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2019 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × ÷ =
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | CVS Health Corp.’s CTR increased from 2017 to 2018 but then decreased significantly from 2018 to 2019. |