.Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
Difficulty: Intermediate
In discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation techniques the value of the stock is estimated based upon present value of some measure of cash flow. Free cash flow to equity (FCFE) is generally described as cash flows available to the equity holder after payments to debt holders and after allowing for expenditures to maintain the company's asset base.
Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
CVS Health Corp., free cash flow to equity (FCFE) forecast
USD $ in millions, except per share data
| Year | Value | FCFEt or Terminal value (TVt) | Calculation | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | FCFE0 | |||
| 1 | FCFE1 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 2 | FCFE2 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 3 | FCFE3 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 4 | FCFE4 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 5 | FCFE5 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 5 | Terminal value (TV5) | = × (1 + %) ÷ (% – %) | ||
| Intrinsic value of CVS Health's common stock | ||||
| Intrinsic value of CVS Health's common stock (per share) | $ | |||
| Current share price | $ | |||
Disclaimer!
Valuation is based on standard assumptions. There may exist specific factors relevant to stock value and omitted here. In such a case, the real stock value may differ significantly form the estimated. If you want to use the estimated intrinsic stock value in investment decision making process, do so at your own risk.
Required Rate of Return (r)
| Assumptions | ||
| Rate of return on LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | % |
| Expected rate of return on market portfolio2 | E(RM) | % |
| Systematic risk (β) of CVS Health's common stock | βCVS | |
| Required rate of return on CVS Health's common stock3 | rCVS | % |
1 Unweighted average of bid yields on all outstanding fixed-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds neither due or callable in less than 10 years (risk-free rate of return proxy).
Calculations
3 rCVS = RF + βCVS [E(RM) – RF]
= % + [% – %]
= %
FCFE Growth Rate (g)
FCFE growth rate (g) implied by PRAT model
CVS Health Corp., PRAT model
| Average | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions) | |||||||
| | Common stock dividends | ||||||
| | Net income attributable to CVS Health | ||||||
| | Net revenues | ||||||
| | Total assets | ||||||
| | Total CVS Health shareholders' equity | ||||||
| Ratios | |||||||
| | Retention rate1 | ||||||
| | Profit margin2 | % | % | % | % | % | |
| | Asset turnover3 | ||||||
| | Financial leverage4 | ||||||
| Averages | |||||||
| Retention rate | |||||||
| Profit margin | % | ||||||
| Asset turnover | |||||||
| Financial leverage | |||||||
| Growth rate of FCFE (g)5 | % | ||||||
2017 Calculations
1 Retention rate = (Net income attributable to CVS Health – Common stock dividends) ÷ Net income attributable to CVS Health
= ( – ) ÷ =
2 Profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to CVS Health ÷ Net revenues
= 100 × ÷ = %
3 Asset turnover = Net revenues ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
4 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total CVS Health shareholders' equity
= ÷ =
5 g = Retention rate × Profit margin × Asset turnover × Financial leverage
= × % × × = %
FCFE growth rate (g) implied by single-stage model
g = 100 × (Equity market value0 × r – FCFE0) ÷ (Equity market value0 + FCFE0)
= 100 × ( × % – ) ÷ ( + ) = %
where:
Equity market value0 = current market value of CVS Health's common stock (USD $ in millions)
FCFE0 = last year CVS Health's free cash flow to equity (USD $ in millions)
r = required rate of return on CVS Health's common stock
FCFE growth rate (g) forecast
CVS Health Corp., H-model
| Year | Value | gt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | g1 | % |
| 2 | g2 | % |
| 3 | g3 | % |
| 4 | g4 | % |
| 5 and thereafter | g5 | % |
where:
g1 is implied by PRAT model
g5 is implied by single-stage model
g2, g3 and g4 are calculated using linear interpoltion between g1 and g5
Calculations
g2 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
g3 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
g4 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
