Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
Quarterly Data
Liquidity ratios measure the company ability to meet its short-term obligations.
Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
Old Dominion Freight Line Inc., liquidity ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31).
- Current Ratio
- The current ratio displays a fluctuating but generally declining trend over the analyzed periods. Initially, the ratio increased from 1.78 at the beginning of 2018 to a peak of 3.33 by the end of 2020, indicating a strengthening short-term liquidity position during that timeframe. However, post-2020, the ratio exhibits a consistent decline, dropping from 3.33 to 1.45 by mid-2023, suggesting a reduction in the company's ability to cover short-term liabilities with current assets.
- Quick Ratio
- The quick ratio follows a pattern similar to the current ratio, reflecting changes in more liquid assets excluding inventories. It rose from 1.68 at the start of 2018 to a high of 3.18 by late 2020, aligning with the strengthening liquidity trend observed. Subsequently, the quick ratio steadily decreased to 1.22 by mid-2023, indicating a significant reduction in the company's immediate liquidity buffer over the recent periods.
- Cash Ratio
- The cash ratio shows more pronounced volatility compared to the current and quick ratios. Between early 2018 and the end of 2020, it increased notably from 0.46 to a peak of 1.96, reflecting an enhanced cash reserve relative to current liabilities. However, after 2020, the cash ratio declined more sharply than the other two ratios, falling to as low as 0.11 by mid-2023. This sharp decrease highlights a considerable reduction in cash and cash equivalents, potentially signaling a strategic shift in liquidity management or operational cash flow changes.
- Summary of Liquidity Trends
- Collectively, these liquidity ratios illustrate an initial period of strengthening liquidity through 2020, followed by a consistent decline into 2023. The declining trend in all three ratios over the last several quarters suggests a tightening in liquidity, with a notable emphasis on decreasing cash reserves as indicated by the cash ratio. This may reflect changes in working capital management, investment activities, or challenges in cash generation from operations during the recent period.
Current Ratio
Old Dominion Freight Line Inc., current ratio calculation (quarterly data)
| Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | 730,609) | 896,950) | 933,740) | 1,111,197) | 1,209,090) | 1,280,957) | 1,383,787) | 1,278,852) | 1,311,115) | 1,223,261) | 1,243,339) | 1,138,496) | 968,570) | 831,006) | 866,834) | 806,978) | 741,420) | 783,878) | 706,229) | 696,315) | 647,585) | 615,450) | |||||||
| Current liabilities | 503,018) | 569,520) | 529,793) | 639,327) | 628,178) | 578,596) | 464,234) | 534,291) | 482,018) | 513,862) | 373,130) | 449,288) | 494,174) | 428,295) | 366,085) | 396,862) | 386,105) | 358,155) | 356,732) | 362,457) | 366,362) | 345,285) | |||||||
| Liquidity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current ratio1 | 1.45 | 1.57 | 1.76 | 1.74 | 1.92 | 2.21 | 2.98 | 2.39 | 2.72 | 2.38 | 3.33 | 2.53 | 1.96 | 1.94 | 2.37 | 2.03 | 1.92 | 2.19 | 1.98 | 1.92 | 1.77 | 1.78 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current Ratio, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 1.30 | 1.42 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.60 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.58 | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.31 | 1.45 | 1.46 | 1.42 | 1.32 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | 1.23 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 1.44 | 1.36 | 1.64 | 1.68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.76 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 0.96 | 0.82 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.91 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.19 | 1.36 | 1.37 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.04 | 0.61 | 0.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.22 | 1.39 | 1.47 | 1.52 | 1.42 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.29 | 1.19 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31).
1 Q2 2023 Calculation
Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 730,609 ÷ 503,018 = 1.45
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Current Assets
- The current assets demonstrate a general upward trend from March 2018 through December 2021, rising from approximately 615 million to around 1.38 billion US dollars. This growth indicates an expansion in liquid and short-term assets available. However, starting in March 2022, there is a noticeable decline, with current assets decreasing steadily from roughly 1.28 billion to 730 million US dollars by June 2023. This shift suggests a reduction in asset liquidity or a possible drawdown of working capital in the more recent periods.
- Current Liabilities
- Current liabilities show an overall increasing pattern from March 2018, beginning around 345 million US dollars and peaking inconsistently over time with fluctuations but generally rising to above 570 million by June 2023. Noteworthy is the surge between late 2018 and mid-2021, with liabilities reaching their highest in March 2022 at approximately 579 million. Following this, liabilities remain elevated but show some volatility, pointing to varying short-term debts or obligations during these periods.
- Current Ratio
- The current ratio exhibits improvement from 1.78 in March 2018 to a peak of 3.33 in December 2020, indicating enhanced liquidity and a stronger capacity to cover short-term liabilities with current assets. Post this peak, the ratio declines steadily, dropping to 1.45 by June 2023. This downward movement implies a weakening liquidity position over recent quarters, with fewer current assets available relative to current liabilities, possibly signaling increased financial pressure or strategic asset management changes.
- Overall Insight
- The data reflects a period of growth and increasing liquidity strength until the end of 2021, followed by a reversal characterized by decreased current assets and current ratio and a persistent rise or fluctuation in current liabilities. This pattern may point to operational or market challenges impacting asset availability and short-term financial stability in the latest periods. Continuous monitoring and potential adjustments in working capital management may be advisable to mitigate liquidity risk.
Quick Ratio
Old Dominion Freight Line Inc., quick ratio calculation (quarterly data)
| Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 55,141) | 207,624) | 186,312) | 216,727) | 196,134) | 262,122) | 462,564) | 339,761) | 484,204) | 351,900) | 401,430) | 420,396) | 518,624) | 356,972) | 403,571) | 322,286) | 228,960) | 280,627) | 190,282) | 177,468) | 140,571) | 159,937) | |||||||
| Short-term investments | —) | 24,807) | 49,355) | 158,829) | 224,391) | 279,183) | 254,433) | 224,899) | 165,254) | 310,193) | 330,274) | 205,294) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | |||||||
| Customer receivables, less allowances | 543,767) | 564,490) | 578,648) | 630,370) | 680,096) | 669,042) | 567,474) | 591,783) | 548,749) | 496,125) | 444,653) | 453,346) | 387,260) | 419,128) | 397,579) | 425,850) | 449,984) | 447,242) | 427,569) | 466,455) | 456,906) | 412,932) | |||||||
| Other receivables | 15,620) | 15,389) | 13,743) | 13,327) | 12,665) | 12,347) | 12,410) | 62,266) | 51,307) | 9,553) | 9,569) | 9,578) | 8,525) | 8,485) | 10,586) | 12,225) | 8,161) | 8,091) | 40,691) | 15,752) | 7,373) | 5,542) | |||||||
| Total quick assets | 614,528) | 812,310) | 828,058) | 1,019,253) | 1,113,286) | 1,222,694) | 1,296,881) | 1,218,709) | 1,249,514) | 1,167,771) | 1,185,926) | 1,088,614) | 914,409) | 784,585) | 811,736) | 760,361) | 687,105) | 735,960) | 658,542) | 659,675) | 604,850) | 578,411) | |||||||
| Current liabilities | 503,018) | 569,520) | 529,793) | 639,327) | 628,178) | 578,596) | 464,234) | 534,291) | 482,018) | 513,862) | 373,130) | 449,288) | 494,174) | 428,295) | 366,085) | 396,862) | 386,105) | 358,155) | 356,732) | 362,457) | 366,362) | 345,285) | |||||||
| Liquidity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quick ratio1 | 1.22 | 1.43 | 1.56 | 1.59 | 1.77 | 2.11 | 2.79 | 2.28 | 2.59 | 2.27 | 3.18 | 2.42 | 1.85 | 1.83 | 2.22 | 1.92 | 1.78 | 2.05 | 1.85 | 1.82 | 1.65 | 1.68 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quick Ratio, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.27 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.63 | 1.56 | 1.45 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.23 | 1.15 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | 1.04 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 1.01 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.45 | 1.49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.60 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.26 | 1.35 | 1.41 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 1.27 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31).
1 Q2 2023 Calculation
Quick ratio = Total quick assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 614,528 ÷ 503,018 = 1.22
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Total Quick Assets
- The total quick assets exhibited an overall upward trend from March 31, 2018 to December 31, 2021, rising from approximately 578 million US dollars to a peak near 1.3 billion US dollars. Notably, there was steady growth in quick assets through this period with some fluctuations. However, beginning in March 31, 2022, a marked decline is observable, with total quick assets decreasing consistently across the following quarters, reaching around 614 million US dollars by June 30, 2023. This downward trend suggests a reduction in liquid or near-liquid assets held by the company in the most recent periods.
- Current Liabilities
- Current liabilities displayed a generally increasing pattern over the full time span. Starting at approximately 345 million US dollars in the first quarter of 2018, the liabilities rose with some variability to exceed 529 million US dollars by March 31, 2023. Several quarters experienced notable increases, particularly between 2019 and 2020, and again in mid-2022. Despite some short-term decreases, the prevailing direction is upward, indicating growing short-term obligations over the observed periods.
- Quick Ratio
- The quick ratio, reflecting the company's immediate liquidity position, showed fluctuations aligned with changes in quick assets and current liabilities. Initially, the ratio hovered between 1.6 and 2.2 from 2018 through the early part of 2020. A significant increase was observed in late 2020, peaking at 3.18 by December 31, 2020, which points to a strong liquidity position during this period. Following this peak, the quick ratio declined steadily to 1.22 by June 30, 2023. This decline corresponds with decreasing quick assets and increasing current liabilities, indicating a weakening short-term liquidity cushion over the recent quarters.
- Summary Insights
- Overall, the data reveals a strengthening in liquidity and asset base through late 2021, followed by a reversal with shrinking quick assets and rising liabilities contributing to a deteriorating quick ratio. The peak in the quick ratio at the end of 2020 suggests a temporary strengthening in liquidity, potentially related to external factors impacting financial management. The subsequent decline through 2022 and into 2023 may warrant further analysis to determine the underlying causes of the reduced liquidity and increased short-term obligations, as this trend could affect the company's ability to meet immediate financial commitments.
Cash Ratio
Old Dominion Freight Line Inc., cash ratio calculation (quarterly data)
| Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2019 | Mar 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Sep 30, 2018 | Jun 30, 2018 | Mar 31, 2018 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 55,141) | 207,624) | 186,312) | 216,727) | 196,134) | 262,122) | 462,564) | 339,761) | 484,204) | 351,900) | 401,430) | 420,396) | 518,624) | 356,972) | 403,571) | 322,286) | 228,960) | 280,627) | 190,282) | 177,468) | 140,571) | 159,937) | |||||||
| Short-term investments | —) | 24,807) | 49,355) | 158,829) | 224,391) | 279,183) | 254,433) | 224,899) | 165,254) | 310,193) | 330,274) | 205,294) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | —) | |||||||
| Total cash assets | 55,141) | 232,431) | 235,667) | 375,556) | 420,525) | 541,305) | 716,997) | 564,660) | 649,458) | 662,093) | 731,704) | 625,690) | 518,624) | 356,972) | 403,571) | 322,286) | 228,960) | 280,627) | 190,282) | 177,468) | 140,571) | 159,937) | |||||||
| Current liabilities | 503,018) | 569,520) | 529,793) | 639,327) | 628,178) | 578,596) | 464,234) | 534,291) | 482,018) | 513,862) | 373,130) | 449,288) | 494,174) | 428,295) | 366,085) | 396,862) | 386,105) | 358,155) | 356,732) | 362,457) | 366,362) | 345,285) | |||||||
| Liquidity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash ratio1 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.94 | 1.54 | 1.06 | 1.35 | 1.29 | 1.96 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 0.83 | 1.10 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.46 | |||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Ratio, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FedEx Corp. | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.25 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Uber Technologies Inc. | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.34 | 1.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Airlines Holdings Inc. | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.46 | 0.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 0.60 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-03-31).
1 Q2 2023 Calculation
Cash ratio = Total cash assets ÷ Current liabilities
= 55,141 ÷ 503,018 = 0.11
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Total Cash Assets
- The total cash assets exhibit notable fluctuations over the observed periods. Initially, there is an upward trend from approximately $160 million in March 2018 to a peak exceeding $730 million by December 2020. Following this peak, a decline is observed, with cash assets reducing to around $233 million by June 2023. Periods of significant increase are evident between March 2020 and December 2020, likely reflecting a strategic accumulation of liquidity. However, from March 2021 onward, the trend mostly reverses, showing consistent reductions in cash assets overall.
- Current Liabilities
- Current liabilities generally increase over the timeline. Starting from approximately $345 million in March 2018, there is a gradual rise with some variability, reaching levels around $569 million by June 2023. There are fluctuations around the $400 million to $630 million range, with some quarters showing decreases but the overarching pattern is an increase in short-term obligations, particularly marked in the periods after 2020.
- Cash Ratio
- The cash ratio, an indicator of short-term liquidity by comparing cash assets to current liabilities, shows considerable volatility. Initially below 1.0, it climbs to a peak of nearly 2.0 by December 2020, reflecting a strong liquidity position at that time. This suggests that cash assets were almost double the current liabilities then. Post-2020, the ratio exhibits a steady decline, reaching a low of approximately 0.11 by June 2023, indicating a weakening liquidity position where cash assets cover only a small fraction of current liabilities. This decline aligns with the reduction in total cash assets and the increase in current liabilities observed in the same period.
- Overall Analysis
- The data reveals a period of aggressive cash accumulation culminating at the end of 2020, coinciding with peak liquidity ratios. This may indicate a strategic response to market conditions or operational needs at that time. Since then, the company appears to have deployed significant cash resources, coupled with an increase in current liabilities, leading to reduced liquidity. The steady rise in current liabilities alongside a decrease in cash reserves could imply tighter working capital management or increased short-term obligations. Monitoring this trend is important as the declining cash ratio suggests increasing liquidity risk if current liabilities continue to outpace cash holdings.